Citation: Jie Yu, Jiuying Liao, Yan Zhao, Yu Liu. Hierarchical confinement achieving cascade phosphorescence resonance energy transfer and application[J]. Chinese Chemical Letters, ;2026, 37(7): 111964. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111964 shu

Hierarchical confinement achieving cascade phosphorescence resonance energy transfer and application

Jie Yu ^a ,
Jiuying Liao ^a ,
Yan Zhao ^{a, *,} ,
Yu Liu ^{b, *,}

a.
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Modern Separation Analysis and Substance Transformation, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
b.
College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China

zhaooyann@163.com

yuliu@nankai.edu.cn

Received Date: 23 June 2025
Revised Date: 1 October 2025
Accepted Date: 13 October 2025
Available Online: 15 October 2025

Figures(5)

Herein, we report morphology and luminescence tunable supramolecule containing tetracation 6-bromoisoquinoline modified tetraphenylbenzene (TQ), cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]), β-cyclodextrin grafted hyaluronic acid (HACD), and two dyes (SR101, Cy5), which can lead to cascade efficient phosphorescence resonance energy transfer (PRET) through multi-scale supramolecular space confinement to achieve longlived multi-wavelength emission, especially near-infrared (NIR) luminescence. The initial unit TQ was assembled to form a green phosphorescent 3D supramolecular organic framework (SOF) under the activation of CB[8] confinement and then co-assembled with polysaccharide HACD to form phosphorescence extended long-lifetime (670.3 μs) 3D nanoparticles. This hierarchical confinement boosted phosphorescence supramolecule can act as the donor to achieve efficient energy transfer from phosphor to the dye SR101, giving long-lived luminescence at 615 nm, which can be employed as a transit depot and further encapsulate secondary acceptor Cy5, achieving efficient delayed NIR fluorescence at 680 nm, and was used as phosphorescence logic gate and NIR imaging reagent.
- Cucurbituril,
- Supramolecular organic framework,
- Phosphorescence,
- Supramolecular assembly,
- Energy transfer
1. [1]
  X. Wang, C. Chen, Y. Tian, Q.W. Zhang, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 147 (2025) 17994–18002. doi: 10.1021/jacs.5c03235
2. [2]
  W. Feng, F. Li, Z. Jiang, et al., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 64 (2025) e2025092.
3. [3]
  Q. Niu, Y. Zhang, Z. Ge, et al., Chin. Chem. Lett. 36 (2025) 110935. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.110935
4. [4]
  Z.Y. Zhang, C.Y. Deng, C.C. Shen, et al., Chem. Commun. 59 (2023) 11248–11251. doi: 10.1039/d3cc03225f
5. [5]
  J. Yu, H. Wang, Y. Liu, Adv. Opt. Mater. 10 (2022) 2201761. doi: 10.1002/adom.202201761
6. [6]
  H. Masai, M. Liu, Y. Tachibana, S. Tsuda, J. Terao, J. Org. Chem. 85 (2020) 3082–3091. doi: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02967
7. [7]
  D. Hoenders, S. Ludwanowski, C. Barner-Kowollik, A. Walther, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 63 (2024) e202405582. doi: 10.1002/anie.202405582
8. [8]
  K.I. Assaf, W.M. Nau, Acc. Chem. Res. 56 (2023) 3451–3461. doi: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00523
9. [9]
  A. McLean, R.L. Sala, B.W. Longbottom, et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 146 (2024) 12877–12882. doi: 10.1021/jacs.4c00611
10. [10]
  S. Garain, B.C. Garain, M. Eswaramoorthy, S.K. Pati, S.J. George, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 60 (2021) 19720–19724. doi: 10.1002/anie.202107295
11. [11]
  D. Li, Z. Liu, M. Fang, et al., ACS Nano 17 (2023) 12895–12902. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.3c04971
12. [12]
  H.J. Yu, Q. Zhou, X. Dai, et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 143 (2021) 13887–13894. doi: 10.1021/jacs.1c06741
13. [13]
  F. Lin, S.B. Yu, Y.Y. Liu, et al., Adv. Mater. 34 (2022) 2200549. doi: 10.1002/adma.202200549
14. [14]
  S. -B. Yu, F. Lin, J. Tian, et al., Chem. Soc. Rev. 51 (2022) 434–449. doi: 10.1039/d1cs00862e
15. [15]
  X. Yao, N. Han, H. Liu, L. Xing, Chin. Chem. Lett. (2026) 111426. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111426
16. [16]
  C. Yan, Q. Li, X. Miao, et al., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 62 (2023) e202308029. doi: 10.1002/anie.202308029
17. [17]
  C. Yin, Z.A. Yan, R. Yan, et al., Adv. Funct. Mater. 34 (2024) 202316008.
18. [18]
  J. Yu, J. Niu, X. Xu, Y. Liu, Adv. Sci. 11 (2024) 2408107. doi: 10.1002/advs.202408107
19. [19]
  X. Chen, H.K. Bisoyi, X.F. Chen, et al., Matter 5 (2022) 3883–3900. doi: 10.18494/sam4024
20. [20]
  Y. Li, Q. Li, X. Miao, et al., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 60 (2021) 6744–6751. doi: 10.1002/anie.202012681
21. [21]
  J. Rühe, K. Vinod, H. Hoh, et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 146 (2024) 28222–28232.
22. [22]
  S. Garain, P.L. Li, K. Shoyama, F. Würthner, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 63 (2024) e202411102.
23. [23]
  P. Jiang, B. Ding, T. Li, et al., Sci. China Chem. 68 (2025) 2533–2540. doi: 10.1007/s11426-024-2499-2
24. [24]
  M. Wang, X. Liu, W. Yuan, et al., Adv. Mater. 37 (2025) 2415446. doi: 10.1002/adma.202415446
25. [25]
  T. Kim, H.S. Han, K. Yang, et al., ACS Nano 18 (2024) 7972–7988. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.3c10732
26. [26]
  C. Sun, Z. Wang, L. Yue, et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 142 (2020) 16523–16527. doi: 10.1021/jacs.0c06783
27. [27]
  Y. Zhang, L. Wang, J. Wang, S. Xin, X. Sheng, Chin. Chem. Lett. 32 (2021) 1902–1906.
1. [1]
  Guoxing Liu , Yixin Li , Changming Tian , Yongmei Xiao , Lijie Liu , Zhanqi Cao , Song Jiang , Xin Zheng , Caoyuan Niu , Yun-Lai Ren , Liangru Yang , Xianfu Zheng , Yong Chen . Highly reversible photomodulated hydrosoluble stiff-stilbene supramolecular luminophor induced by cucurbituril. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(8): 109403-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109403
2. [2]
  Siwei Wang , Fanxu Zeng , Yuan Yan , Jinghai Liu , Wei-Lei Zhou , Yong Chen . Monochromophore-tunable supramolecular fluorescence-phosphorescence dual light-harvesting NIR emission for multi-dimensional information encryption. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2026, 37(4): 112002-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.112002
3. [3]
  Xianya Yao , Ning Han , Hui Liu , Lingbao Xing . Construction of donor-acceptor supramolecular organic framework with enhanced superoxide anion radical generation for photocatalytic synthesis of benzimidazole. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2026, 37(5): 111426-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111426
4. [4]
  Ya-Jie Zhu , Zhi-Min Lv , Hao-Feng Zhu , Qi-Yan Qi , Shang-Bo Yu , Jia Tian , Wei Zhou , Zhan-Ting Li . Self-assembly of disassemblable supramolecular organic frameworks for doxorubicin delivery, photofrin posttreatment phototoxicity inhibition and heparin neutralization. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2026, 37(1): 111353-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111353
5. [5]
  Qian Ren , Xue Dai , Ran Cen , Yang Luo , Mingyang Li , Ziyun Zhang , Qinghong Bai , Zhu Tao , Xin Xiao . A cucurbit[8]uril-based supramolecular phosphorescent assembly: Cell imaging and sensing of amino acids in aqueous solution. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(12): 110022-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110022
6. [6]
  Rong Zhang , Yong Chen , Zhiyi Yu , Yu Liu . Laponite cascade assembly activated reversible multicolor luminescence supramolecular hydrogel with near-infrared emission. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2026, 37(1): 111147-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111147
7. [7]
  Kun Zhang , Xin-Yue Lou , Yan Wang , Weiwei Huan , Ying-Wei Yang . Emission enhancement induced by the supramolecular assembly of leggero pillar[5]arenes for the detection and separation of silver ions. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(6): 110464-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110464
8. [8]
  Rong Zhang , Zhiyi Yu , Hengyi Zhang , Yu Liu . Achieving photo-controlled reversible multicolor luminescent supramolecular assembly by multicharged β-cyclodextrin. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2026, 37(6): 111633-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111633
9. [9]
  Xiaojian Yan , Saijin Huang , Wenfeng Liu , Li-Li Tan , Gaobin Wang , Liping Cao , Li Shang . Tungsten oxide quantum dot-based supramolecular assembly with tunable photochromic kinetics towards time-encoded anti-counterfeiting. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2026, 37(3): 111427-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111427
10. [10]
  Xuanyu Wang , Zhao Gao , Wei Tian . Supramolecular confinement effect enabling light-harvesting system for photocatalytic α-oxyamination reaction. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(11): 109757-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109757
11. [11]
  Ya-Ru Qu , Kai-Li Tian , Han-Jun Huang , Jia-Jun Tu , Ai-Hao Chen , Hai-Jun Sun , Maxim V. Bermeshev , Shao-Jie Wang , Wen-Bin Li , Xiang-Kui Ren . Fluorescence enhancement of perylene diimide: Design strategy and application. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2025, 44(12): 100756-100756. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2025.100756
12. [12]
  Er-Meng Wang , Ziyi Wang , Xu Ban , Xiaowei Zhao , Yanli Yin , Zhiyong Jiang . Chemoselective photocatalytic sulfenylamination of alkenes with sulfenamides via energy transfer. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(12): 109843-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109843
13. [13]
  Chaoqun Ma , Yuebo Wang , Ning Han , Rongzhen Zhang , Hui Liu , Xiaofeng Sun , Lingbao Xing . Carbon dot-based artificial light-harvesting systems with sequential energy transfer and white light emission for photocatalysis. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(4): 108632-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108632
14. [14]
  Siwei Wang , Wei-Lei Zhou , Yong Chen . Cucurbituril and cyclodextrin co-confinement-based multilevel assembly for single-molecule phosphorescence resonance energy transfer behavior. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(12): 110261-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110261
15. [15]
  Cheng-Yan Wu , Yi-Nan Gao , Zi-Han Zhang , Rui Liu , Quan Tang , Zhong-Lin Lu . Enhancing self-assembly efficiency of macrocyclic compound into nanotubes by introducing double peptide linkages. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(11): 109649-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109649
16. [16]
  Fuzheng Zhang , Chao Shi , Jiale Li , Fulin Jia , Xinyu Liu , Feiyang Li , Xinyu Bai , Qiuxia Li , Aihua Yuan , Guohua Xie . B-embedded narrowband pure near-infrared (NIR) phosphorescent iridium(Ⅲ) complexes and solution-processed OLED application. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(1): 109596-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109596
17. [17]
  Jianqiu Li , Yi Zhang , Songen Liu , Jie Niu , Rong Zhang , Yong Chen , Yu Liu . Cucurbit[8]uril-based non-covalent heterodimer realized NIR cell imaging through topological transformation from nanowire to nanorod. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(10): 109645-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109645
18. [18]
  Supphachok Chanmungkalakul , Syed Ali Abbas Abedi , Federico J. Hernández , Jianwei Xu , Xiaogang Liu . The dark side of cyclooctatetraene (COT): Photophysics in the singlet states of “self-healing” dyes. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(8): 109227-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109227
19. [19]
  Yi Zhu , Jingyan Zhang , Yuchao Zhang , Ying Chen , Guanghui An , Ren Liu . Designing unimolecular photoinitiator by installing NHPI esters along the TX backbone for acrylate photopolymerization and their applications in coatings and 3D printing. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(7): 109573-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109573
20. [20]
  Hui Peng , Xiao Wang , Weiguo Huang , Shuiyue Yu , Linghang Kong , Qilin Wei , Jialong Zhao , Bingsuo Zou . Efficient tunable visible and near-infrared emission in Sb³⁺/Sm³⁺-codoped Cs₂NaLuCl₆ for near-infrared light-emitting diode, triple-mode fluorescence anti-counterfeiting and information encryption. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(11): 109462-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109462

Get Citation

PDF

XML

Metrics

PDF Downloads(0)
Abstract views(15)
HTML views(0)

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142