Citation: Xiaoli Zhao, Lijuan Yang, Yong Hao, Yi Cheng, Fei Li, Xinghua Zhu, Ming Huang. Bismuth-based architectures engineering for selective CO₂ electroreduction to formate[J]. Chinese Chemical Letters, ;2026, 37(5): 111904. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111904 shu

Bismuth-based architectures engineering for selective CO₂ electroreduction to formate

Xiaoli Zhao ^{a, d} ,
Lijuan Yang ^b ,
Yong Hao ^a ,
Yi Cheng ^b ,
Fei Li ^{c, *,} ,
Xinghua Zhu ^{a, *,} ,
Ming Huang ^{b, *,}

a.
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
b.
Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
c.
School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
d.
Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China

feili@uestc.edu.cn

zhuxinghua@xhu.edu.cn

huangming@uestc.edu.cn

Received Date: 9 June 2025
Revised Date: 2 August 2025
Accepted Date: 25 September 2025
Available Online: 26 September 2025

Figures(14)

Electrocatalytic CO₂ reduction to formate using renewable energy offers a promising route for sustainable chemical production and carbon utilization. Bismuth-based catalysts stand out for their exceptional selectivity towards formate, combining intrinsic advantages with practical viability. This review critically examines recent advances in strategically tailoring bismuth-based catalysts for selective CO₂-to-formate conversion. Moving beyond conventional material classifications, we emphasize mechanistic understanding of the reaction pathways and active sites governing formate generation. Crucially, we dissect the synthesis strategies enabling precise control over catalyst properties—ranging from metallic bismuth nanostructures and single atoms to tailored compounds, heterostructures, and alloys—and link these design principles to performance optimization. In addition, we incorporate operando characterization and computational insights within catalyst-specific case studies to examine selected dynamic reaction mechanisms and key enhancement mechanisms under operational conditions. Finally, we outline forward-looking research trajectories, addressing critical challenges like achieving industrially relevant performance and stability, and proposing innovative pathways focused on advanced catalyst architectures, microenvironment engineering, and predictive frameworks for scalable implementation.
- Electrocatalytic CO₂ reduction,
- Bismuth-based catalysts,
- Formate,
- Catalyst design,
- Operando characterization,
- Reaction mechanism
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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

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沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

Bismuth-based architectures engineering for selective CO2 electroreduction to formate

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

Bismuth-based architectures engineering for selective CO₂ electroreduction to formate