Citation: Caihong Li, Chen Li, Jing Sun, Qingqing Xiao, Huaxu Zhu. Research progress on the in vivo fate of self-assembled traditional Chinese medicine ingredients: Absorption, transportation and distribution[J]. Chinese Chemical Letters, ;2026, 37(9): 111888. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111888 shu

Research progress on the in vivo fate of self-assembled traditional Chinese medicine ingredients: Absorption, transportation and distribution

Caihong Li ^a ,
Chen Li ^a ,
Jing Sun ^{b, *,} ,
Qingqing Xiao ^{a, *,} ,
Huaxu Zhu ^{a, *,}

a.
Jiangsu Botanical Medicine Refinement Engineering Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
b.
Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China

ph.175@163.com

xiaoqq@njucm.edu.cn

zhuhx@njucm.edu.cn

Received Date: 26 June 2025
Revised Date: 22 September 2025
Accepted Date: 23 September 2025
Available Online: 24 September 2025

Figures(1)

The active ingredients components of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) can naturally create supramolecular structures like nanoparticles and micelles with well-defined functions through a dynamic assembly mechanism driven by noncovalent bonding interactions. In recent years, numerous studies have found that the supramolecular self-assemblies of TCM, which are also known as Chinese medicine supramolecules (CMS), exhibit better efficacy, higher bioavailability, and synergistic effects. In vivo fate analysis is a roadblock to revealing the active mechanisms of CMS. This review focuses on the in vivo dynamic biological fate of herbal self-assemblies and systematically elucidates their delivery characteristics in absorption barrier penetration, biofilm transport, and tissue-specific distribution. Meanwhile, this review summarizes the progress in applying cutting-edge detection techniques for tracking supramolecular behavior in vivo, including fluorescent labeling, isotope tracing, and multimodal imaging. By summarizing the existing research results, we aim to construct a systematic research framework for the in vivo behaviors of Chinese medicine self-assemblies and explore feasible analysis paths for Chinese medicine formulations.
- Chinese medicine self-assemblers,
- Herbal supramolecules,
- In vivo fate,
- Absorption,
- Distribution,
- Transportation
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沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142