Citation: Wen Chen, Hao Wang, Qiang Sun, Shaojingya Gao, Yunfeng Lin, Yun Wang, Xiaoxiao Cai. Multi-scale delivery dynamics of tetrahedral framework nucleic acids: From organ accumulation to subcellular targeting and precision engineering strategies[J]. Chinese Chemical Letters, ;2026, 37(5): 111396. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111396 shu

Multi-scale delivery dynamics of tetrahedral framework nucleic acids: From organ accumulation to subcellular targeting and precision engineering strategies

State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China

wy630ivy@outlook.com

xcai@scu.edu.cn

Received Date: 23 March 2025
Revised Date: 25 May 2025
Accepted Date: 28 May 2025
Available Online: 2 June 2025

Figures(1)

Tetrahedral framework nucleic acids (tFNAs), a novel class of nanodelivery carriers, demonstrate significant potential due to their well-defined topological structure, programmable molecular recognition capabilities, and exceptional biocompatibility. This article systematically reviews the dynamic behavior of tFNAs across multi-scale delivery processes. At the macroscale, it elucidates the organ accumulation and metabolism of tFNAs following various routes of administration. At the microscale, it delves into the transmembrane transport mechanisms and subcellular localization characteristics of tFNAs. Furthermore, this review discusses the current research status of strategies aimed at improving the delivery efficiency of tFNAs through active targeted modifications and proposes cutting-edge approaches to developing precision delivery systems leveraging engineering modifications and intelligent response designs.
- Tetrahedral framework nucleic acids,
- Administration route,
- Biodistribution,
- Transmembrane transport mechanism,
- Subcellular localization
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