Citation: Meitong Wu, Ke Wu, Shumin Feng, Li Xu, Mi Lei, Jianmei Chen, Shuang Li, Mian Qin, Dahui Liu, Guoqiang Feng. A NIR and ratiometric fluorescent probe for quantitative detection of SO₂ derivatives in Chinese medicinal materials and bioimaging in vivo[J]. Chinese Chemical Letters, ;2026, 37(1): 110979. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.110979 shu

A NIR and ratiometric fluorescent probe for quantitative detection of SO₂ derivatives in Chinese medicinal materials and bioimaging in vivo

Meitong Wu ^{a, 1} ,
Ke Wu ^{a, 1} ,
Shumin Feng ^{a, c, *,} ,
Li Xu ^a ,
Mi Lei ^a ,
Jianmei Chen ^a ,
Shuang Li ^a ,
Mian Qin ^a ,
Dahui Liu ^{a, c, *,} ,
Guoqiang Feng ^{b, *,}

a.
School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
b.
College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
c.
Hubei Shizhen Laboratory, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China

fsm3318@hbucm.edu.cn

liudahui@hbucm.edu.cn

gf256@mail.ccnu.edu.cn

Received Date: 12 November 2024
Revised Date: 18 February 2025
Accepted Date: 19 February 2025
Available Online: 19 February 2025

Figures(5)

Sulfur dioxide (SO₂) and its derivatives have been recognized as harmful environmental pollutants. However, they are often produced during the processing of traditional Chinese medicines, potentially compromising the quality of these medicinal materials and contributing to various health issues. Due to a lack of effective monitoring and imaging tools, the physiological effects of excessive SO₂ residues in traditional Chinese medicine remain unclear. Therefore, developing a rapid and effective tool for detecting SO₂ is crucial for understanding its metabolic pathways and effects in vivo. In this study, we developed a near infrared (NIR) and ratiometric fluorescent probe, NIR-RS, which exhibits high sensitivity, selectivity, and rapid response for SO₂ detection. Notably, NIR-RS accurately quantifies SO₂ contents in Pinelliae rhizoma (P. rhizoma) samples, with recovery rates from 98.46% to 102.40%, and relative standard deviations (RSDs) < 5.0%. For bioimaging applications, NIR-RS has low cytotoxicity and good mitochondrial-targeting ability, making it suitable for imaging exogenous and endogenous SO₂ in mitochondria. Additionally, NIR-RS was successfully applied to image SO₂ content of P. rhizoma samples within cells, revealing that high SO₂ residue elevated mitochondria adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content, these findings reveal that P. rhizoma with excessive SO₂ can affect the organism's growth mechanisms through alterations in ATP pathways. In vivo, SO₂ was found to predominantly accumulate in the liver following gavage with P. rhizoma solution, with accumulation levels increasing in proportion to SO₂ residue concentration. High SO₂ concentrations in P. rhizoma can cause pulmonary fibrosis and gastric mucosal damage. This work provides a valuable tool for regulating SO₂ content in P. rhizoma and may help researcher better understand the metabolism of SO₂ derivatives and explore their physiological roles in biological systems.
- Fluorescent probe,
- SO₂ derivatives metabolism,
- Quantitative analysis,
- Pinelliae rhizoma,
- Fluorescent imaging
1. [1]
  J. Xu, H. Yuan, G. Bao, et al., Chin. Chem. Lett. 29 (2018) 1456–1464.
2. [2]
  F. Li, L. Zou, X. Duan, et al., J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem. 411 (2021) 113201.
3. [3]
  Y. Yang, X. Yan, K. Zhong, et al., J. Hazard. Mater. 469 (2024) 134003.
4. [4]
  X. Jiang, L. Huang, S. Chen, et al., Phytomedicine 20 (2013) 97–105.
5. [5]
  J. Zhao, C. Zheng, W. Zhu, et al., Chem. Biol. Interact. 292 (2018) 84–93.
6. [6]
  S. Zhou, J. Hu, S. Li, et al., J. Hazard. Mater. 364 (2019) 376–387.
7. [7]
  X. Han, H. Zheng, F. Wang, et al., Spectrochim. Acta A: Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc. 317 (2024) 124463.
8. [8]
  J. Bai, J. Qi, Y. Shi, et al., J. Ethnopharmacol. 298 (2022) 115650.
9. [9]
  Z. Zhan, A. Deng, L. Huang, et al., J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 156 (2018) 340–348.
10. [10]
  L. Zhang, L. Zhang, L. Chen, et al., TrAC Trends Anal. Chem. 169 (2023) 117377.
11. [11]
  L. Zou, J. Xu, X. Duan, et al., Microchem. J. 153 (2020) 104461.
12. [12]
  N. Sang, Y. Yun, G. Li, et al., Toxicol. Sci. 114 (2010) 226–236. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfq010
13. [13]
  Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission, Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China (Volume 4: Other General Rules), The Medicine Science and Technology Press of China, Beijing, 2020, pp. 29–34.
14. [14]
  A. Nieto-Márquez, E. Atanes J. Valverde, et al., Fuel. Process. Technol. 144 (2016) 274–281.
15. [15]
  H. Wang, L. Zhou, J. Sun, et al., Int. J. Hydrog. Energ. 35 (2010) 2994–2996.
16. [16]
  X. Yao, C. Lee, C. Whitelaw, et al., Atmos. Environ. 45 (2011) 2781–2788.
17. [17]
  K. Dou, Q. Fu, J. You, et al., Biomaterials 133 (2017) 82–93.
18. [18]
  H. Jin M. Yang, R. Gui, et al., Coord. Chem. Rev. 446 (2021) 214114.
19. [19]
  L. Wu, A. Sedgwick, T. James, et al., Acc. Chem. Res. 52 (2019) 2582–2597. doi: 10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00302
20. [20]
  Q. Fu, X. Yang, J. Song, et al., ACS Nano 18 (2024) 3916–3968. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.3c10659
21. [21]
  F. Yan, J. Cui, C. Wang, et al., Chin. Chem. Lett. 33 (2022) 4219–4222.
22. [22]
  D. Cheng, L. Yuan, X. Zhang, et al., Anal. Chem. 92 (2020) 11396–11404. doi: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02277
23. [23]
  Y.T. Yang, H. Zhong, B.H. Wang, et al., Chin. Chem. Lett. 34 (2023) 107674.
24. [24]
  C. Li, C. Zou, W. Zhu, et al., Anal. Chim. Acta 795 (2013) 69–74.
25. [25]
  Q. Xia, S. Feng, G. Feng, et al., Sens. Actuat. B: Chem. 337 (2021) 129732.
26. [26]
  S. Feng, D. Liu, G. Feng, Anal. Chim. Acta 1054 (2019) 137–144.
27. [27]
  L. Wang, L. Zhao, H. Liu, et al., Microchem. J. 160 (2021) 105703.
28. [28]
  X. Bao, X. Cao, C. Huo, et al., J. Agric Food Chem. 69 (2021) 4903–4910. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c00797
29. [29]
  M. Hou, Z. Wang, C. Li, et al., Talanta 265 (2023) 124815.
30. [30]
  G. Qin, M. Wu, N. Sang, et al., Toxicol. Sci. 151 (2016) 334-246.
31. [31]
  G. Qin, J. Wang, N. Sang, et al., Toxicology 300 (2012) 67–74.
32. [32]
  L. Huang, Y. Zhou, X. Xue, et al., Aggregate 5 (2023) e403.
33. [33]
  J. Yin, Y. Ma, W. Lin, et al., Coord. Chem. Rev. 412 (2020) 213257.
34. [34]
  N. Iwase, T. Sasaki, K. Shirato, et al., J. Clin. Invest. 99 (1997) 1651–1661.
35. [35]
  U. Tamima, S. Sarkar, K. Ahn, et al., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 62 (2023) e202300580.
36. [36]
  B. Yang, R. Tian, Z. Wang, et al., Anal. Chem. 95 (2023) 5034–5044. doi: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c05523
37. [37]
  J. Chen, S. Chen, C. Li, et al., Anal. Chem. 95 (2023) 2119–2127. doi: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c05235
1. [1]
  Xinyi Zhao , Yuai Duan , Zihan Liu , Hua Geng , Yaping Li , Zhongfeng Li , Tianyu Han . Mapping sweat pores for biometric identification based on a donor-acceptor hydrophilic fluorescent probe. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(8): 110617-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110617
2. [2]
  Yudi Cheng , Xiao Wang , Jiao Chen , Zihan Zhang , Jiadong Ou , Mengyao She , Fulin Chen , Jianli Li . A near-infrared fluorescent probe for visualizing transformation pathway of Cys/Hcy and H₂S and its applications in living system. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(5): 109156-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109156
3. [3]
  Qian Pang , Fangjun Huo , Yongkang Yue , Caixia Yin . ONOO⁻ and viscosity dual-response fluorescent probe for arthritis imaging in vivo. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(9): 110713-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110713
4. [4]
  Chuan-Zhi Ni , Ruo-Ming Li , Fang-Qi Zhang , Qu-Ao-Wei Li , Yuan-Yuan Zhu , Jie Zeng , Shuang-Xi Gu . A chiral fluorescent probe for molecular recognition of basic amino acids in solutions and cells. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(10): 109862-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109862
5. [5]
  Tao Liu , Xuwei Han , Xueyi Sun , Weijie Zhang , Ke Gao , Runan Min , Yuting Tian , Caixia Yin . An activated fluorescent probe to monitor NO fluctuation in Parkinson’s disease. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(3): 110170-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110170
6. [6]
  Huamei Zhang , Jingjing Liu , Mingyue Li , Shida Ma , Xucong Zhou , Aixia Meng , Weina Han , Jin Zhou . Imaging polarity changes in pneumonia and lung cancer using a lipid droplet-targeted near-infrared fluorescent probe. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(12): 110020-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110020
7. [7]
  Han-Min Wang , Yan-Chen Li , Lu-Lu Sun , Ming-Ye Tang , Jia Liu , Jiahao Cai , Lei Dong , Jia Li , Yi Zang , Hai-Hao Han , Xiao-Peng He . Protein-encapsulated long-wavelength fluorescent probe hybrid for imaging lipid droplets in living cells and mice with non-alcoholic fatty liver. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(11): 109603-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109603
8. [8]
  Fan Zheng , Runsha Xiao , Shuai Huang , Zhikang Chen , Chen Lai , Anyao Bi , Heying Yao , Xueping Feng , Zihua Chen , Wenbin Zeng . Accurate visualization colorectal cancer by monitoring viscosity variations with a novel mitochondria-targeted fluorescent probe. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(2): 109876-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109876
9. [9]
  Zhixiao Xiong , Shanni Qiu , Yuyu Wang , Houna Duan , Yi Xiao , Yufang Xu , Weiping Zhu , Xuhong Qian . Photocalibrated NO release from the zinc ion fluorescent probe based on naphthalimide and its application in living cells. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(4): 110002-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110002
10. [10]
  Jiayu Zeng , Minhui Liu , Ting Yang , Jia Huang , Songjiao Li , Wanting Zhang , Dan Cheng , Longwei He , Jia Zhou . Two-dimensional design strategy to construct smart dual-responsive fluorescent probe for the precise tracking of ischemic stroke. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(5): 110166-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110166
11. [11]
  Xianzhu Luo , Feifei Yu , Rui Wang , Tian Su , Pan Luo , Pengfei Wen , Fabiao Yu . A near-infrared two-photon fluorescent probe for the detection of HClO in inflammatory and tumor-bearing mice. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(7): 110531-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110531
12. [12]
  Mengyu Cao , Yiyan Yin , Jingyi Qin , Jin Ouyang , Na Na . Unconventional application of a fluorescent probe for MS-based detection of multiple sulfur species in ferroptosis. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2026, 37(1): 111260-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111260
13. [13]
  Chengcheng Zhang , Zhe Wu , Ningning Jiang , Yi Song , Weina Geng , Hongmei Liu , Ming Jin , Shuxiang Wang , Jinchao Zhang , Yutao Yang . A fluorescent probe regulated by trifluoromethyl and nitrogen-containing heterocycles for monitoring biothiol fluctuations in the brains of mice with schizophrenia. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2026, 37(1): 111476-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111476
14. [14]
  Chuanfeng Fan , Jian Gao , Yingkai Gao , Xintong Yang , Gaoning Li , Xiaochun Wang , Fei Li , Jin Zhou , Haifeng Yu , Yi Huang , Jin Chen , Yingying Shan , Li Chen . A non-peptide-based chymotrypsin-targeted long-wavelength emission fluorescent probe with large Stokes shift and its application in bioimaging. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(10): 109838-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109838
15. [15]
  Lei Shen , Hongmei Liu , Ming Jin , Jinchao Zhang , Caixia Yin , Shuxiang Wang , Yutao Yang . “Three-in-one” strategy of trifluoromethyl regulated blood-brain barrier permeable fluorescent probe for peroxynitrite and antiepileptic evaluation of edaravone. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(10): 109572-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109572
16. [16]
  Wenping Dong , Mo Ma , Jingkang Li , Lanlan Xu , Dejiang Gao , Pinyi Ma , Daqian Song . Near-infrared fluorescent probe with large Stokes shift and long emission wavelength for rapid diagnosis of lung cancer via aerosol inhalation delivery. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(5): 110147-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110147
17. [17]
  Lei Li , Guang Yang , Tianbai Xiong , Tingzhu Duan , Jia Wang , Xin Wang . Metal-free click polymerization of thiols and chalcone-derived internal olefins in air to prepare functional clusteroluminescent polythioethers for dual-response fluorescent probe. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(11): 111374-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111374
18. [18]
  Kuan Deng , Fei Yang , Zhi-Qi Cheng , Bi-Wen Ren , Hua Liu , Jiao Chen , Meng-Yao She , Le Yu , Xiao-Gang Liu , Hai-Tao Feng , Jian-Li Li . Construction of wavelength-tunable DSE quinoline salt derivatives by regulating the hybridization form of the nitrogen atom and intramolecular torsion angle. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(10): 109464-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109464
19. [19]
  Yi-Xin Zhang , Fang-Qi Zhang , Ao-Pei Peng , Tao Jiang , Ya-Xi Meng , Yang Li , Shuang-Xi Gu , Yuan-Yuan Zhu . Enantioselective recognition of amino acids in water using emission-tunable chiral fluorescent probes. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2026, 37(1): 111500-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111500
20. [20]
  Yunkang Tong , Haiqiao Huang , Haolan Li , Mingle Li , Wen Sun , Jianjun Du , Jiangli Fan , Lei Wang , Bin Liu , Xiaoqiang Chen , Xiaojun Peng . Cooperative bond scission by HRP/H₂O₂ for targeted prodrug activation. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(12): 109663-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109663

Get Citation

PDF

XML

Metrics

PDF Downloads(0)
Abstract views(7)
HTML views(1)

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

A NIR and ratiometric fluorescent probe for quantitative detection of SO2 derivatives in Chinese medicinal materials and bioimaging in vivo

Metrics

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

A NIR and ratiometric fluorescent probe for quantitative detection of SO₂ derivatives in Chinese medicinal materials and bioimaging in vivo