Citation: Ping Wang, Chunmao Chen, Hongwei Ren, Erhong Duan. A review of carbon dots in synthesis strategies, photoluminescence mechanisms, and applications in wastewater treatment[J]. Chinese Chemical Letters, ;2025, 36(9): 110725. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110725 shu

A review of carbon dots in synthesis strategies, photoluminescence mechanisms, and applications in wastewater treatment

Ping Wang ^a ,
Chunmao Chen ^{a, *,} ,
Hongwei Ren ^{b, c, *,} ,
Erhong Duan ^{b, c, *,}

a.
State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
b.
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
c.
Pollution Prevention Biotechnology Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050018, China

c.chen@cup.edu.cn

renhongweirhw@126.com

duan_eh@163.com

Received Date: 31 May 2024
Revised Date: 20 October 2024
Accepted Date: 5 December 2024
Available Online: 6 December 2024

Figures(23)

Urbanization and industrialization have escalated water pollution, threatening ecosystems and human health. Water pollution not only degrades water quality but also poses long-term risks to human health through the food chain. The development of efficient wastewater detection and treatment methods is essential for mitigating this environmental hazard. Carbon dots (CDs), as emerging carbon-based nanomaterials, exhibit properties such as biocompatibility, photoluminescence (PL), water solubility, and strong adsorption, positioning them as promising candidates for environmental monitoring and management. Particularly in wastewater treatment, their optical and electron transfer properties make them ideal for pollutant detection and removal. Despite their potential, comprehensive reviews on CDs' role in wastewater treatment are scarce, often lacking detailed insights into their synthesis, PL mechanisms, and practical applications. This review systematically addresses the synthesis, PL mechanisms, and wastewater treatment applications of CDs, aiming to bridge existing research gaps. It begins with an overview of CDs structure and classification, essential for grasping their properties and uses. The paper then explores the pivotal PL mechanisms of CDs, crucial for their sensing capabilities. Next, comprehensive synthesis strategies are presented, encompassing both top-down and bottom-up strategies such as arc discharge, chemical oxidation, and hydrothermal/solvothermal synthesis. The diversity of these methods highlights the potential for tailored CDs production to suit specific environmental applications. Furthermore, the review systematically discusses the applications of CDs in wastewater treatment, including sensing, inorganic removal, and organic degradation. Finally, it delves into the research prospects and challenges of CDs, proposing future directions to enhance their role in wastewater treatment.
- Carbon dots,
- Classification,
- Synthesis strategies,
- PL mechanism,
- Sensing,
- Adsorption,
- Photocatalysis
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