Citation: Hong-Jin Liao, Zhu Zhuo, Qing Li, Yoshihito Shiota, Jonathan P. Hill, Katsuhiko Ariga, Zi-Xiu Lu, Lu-Yao Liu, Zi-Ang Nan, Wei Wang, You-Gui Huang. A new class of crystalline X-ray induced photochromic materials assembled from anion-directed folding of a flexible cation[J]. Chinese Chemical Letters, ;2024, 35(8): 109052. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109052 shu

A new class of crystalline X-ray induced photochromic materials assembled from anion-directed folding of a flexible cation

Hong-Jin Liao ^{a, b, c} ,
Zhu Zhuo ^{a, b, c, d, *,} ,
Qing Li ^{a, c} ,
Yoshihito Shiota ^e ,
Jonathan P. Hill ^{f, *,} ,
Katsuhiko Ariga ^f ,
Zi-Xiu Lu ^{a, c} ,
Lu-Yao Liu ^{a, c} ,
Zi-Ang Nan ^{a, c} ,
Wei Wang ^{a, c} ,
You-Gui Huang ^{a, b, c, d, *,}

a.
CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
b.
College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
c.
Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
d.
Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou 350108, China
e.
Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
f.
World Premier International (WPI) Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan

zhuozhu@fjirsm.ac.cn

Jonathan.HILL@nims.go.jp

yghuang@fjirsm.ac.cn

Received Date: 25 June 2023
Revised Date: 1 August 2023
Accepted Date: 3 September 2023
Available Online: 5 September 2023

Figures(5)

Electron-deficient viologens are widely used as ligands or structure-directing agents (SDAs) to synthesize crystalline X-ray induced photochromic materials. Here, a new rational strategy of anion-directed folding a flexible cation (H₂imb)²⁺ ((H₂imb)²⁺ = di-protonated 2,3-bis(imidazolin-2-yl)-2,3-dimethylbutane) has been developed. Electron-donating Cl⁻ and (ZnCl₄)²⁻ are used to direct folding a flexible electron-deficient (H₂imb)²⁺ cation. Three complexes (H₂imb)(NO₃)₂ (1), (H₂imb)Cl₂·H₂O (2), and (H₂imb)ZnCl₄ (3) have been synthesized in which (H₂imb)²⁺ crystallize in an anti-conformation, 88.8°-gauche, and 51.8°-gauche, respectively. In contrary to X-ray silent complex 1, X-ray induced photochromism has been achieved in both complex 2 and 3. An intermolecular charge-transfer mechanism has been elucidated and the anion directed folding of (H₂imb)²⁺ has been validated to be critical to yield colored long-lived charge-separated states.
- Supramolecular,
- Photochromic,
- X-ray induced,
- Anion-directed folding,
- Electron-deficient viologens
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