Citation: Xiaoling Cui, Huarong Liu, Xingyuan Zhang, Hewen Liu. Macroporous-mesoporous C-, S-, N-doped titania microspheres via the polyHIPE microspheres templates[J]. Chinese Chemical Letters, ;2021, 32(3): 1135-1138. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2020.08.043 shu

Macroporous-mesoporous C-, S-, N-doped titania microspheres via the polyHIPE microspheres templates

CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China

hrliu@ustc.edu.cn

Received Date: 2 August 2020
Revised Date: 19 August 2020
Accepted Date: 25 August 2020
Available Online: 27 August 2020

Figures(5)

Doping and increasing specific surface area by forming highly porous structures are two effective ways to enhance the photocatalytic performances of TiO₂ particles. Here for the first time, we report a new facile method to prepare the macroporous-mesoporous C-, S-, N-doped TiO₂ (C/S/N-TiO₂) microspheres via polyHIPE microspheres as templates. The chemical and crystalline structures of these hierarchical porous TiO₂ microspheres are analyzed with FTIR, XPS, EDS, and XRD. The macroporous-mesoporous structures are confirmed with SEM observation and BET analysis. UV–vis DRS spectra analysis shows that the band gaps of C doped TiO₂, C/N doped TiO₂, C/S doped TiO₂ and C/S/N doped TiO₂ are estimated to be 3.07, 3.01, 2.94 and 2.81 eV, respectively, which are significantly narrower than that of TiO₂ nanoparticles (3.23 eV). Photoluminescence spectra demonstrate that the recombination of electrons and holes in these macroporous-mesoporous TiO₂ microspheres is also suppressed. The hierarchical porous C/S/N-TiO₂ microspheres show high visible-light catalytic efficiency and excellent cycling stability to degrade RhB dye.
- Porous titania microspheres,
- PolyHIPE microspheres,
- Hierarchical porous structure,
- Heteroatom doping,
- Photocatalysis
1. [1]
  Q. Sun, N. Wang, D. Xi, M. Yang, J. Yu, Chem. Commun. 50 (2006) 6502-6505.
2. [2]
  W. Ho, J.C. Yu, S. Lee, Chem. Commun. 10 (2006) 1115-1117.
3. [3]
  X. Chen, X. Zhen, H. Gong, et al., Chin. Chem. Lett. 30 (2019) 681-685. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2018.09.017
4. [4]
  W. Zhou, G. Tong, D. Wang, et al., Small 12 (2016) 1797-1805. doi: 10.1002/smll.201503547
5. [5]
  C.M. Parlett, K. Wilson, A.F. Lee, Chem. Soc. Rev. 42 (2013) 3876-3893. doi: 10.1039/C2CS35378D
6. [6]
  X. Yang, L. Chen, Y. Li, et al., Chem. Soc. Rev. 46 (2017) 481-558. doi: 10.1039/C6CS00829A
7. [7]
  A. Feinle, M.S. Elsaesser, N. Husing, Chem. Soc. Rev. 45 (2016) 3377-3399. doi: 10.1039/C5CS00710K
8. [8]
  U. Betke, A. Lieb, Adv. Eng. Mater. 20 (2018) 1800252. doi: 10.1002/adem.201800252
9. [9]
  D. Kuang, T. Brezesinski, B.M. Smarsly, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 126 (2004)10534-10535. doi: 10.1021/ja0470618
10. [10]
  M. Sun, S. Huang, L. Chen, et al., Chem. Soc. Rev. 45 (2016) 3479-3563. doi: 10.1039/C6CS00135A
11. [11]
  K. Na, C. Jo, J. Kim, et al., Science 333 (2011) 328-332. doi: 10.1126/science.1204452
12. [12]
  Q. Fang, W. Zhang, X. Chen, Y. Zhang, M. Hu, Chin. Chem. Lett. 31 (2020) 303-306. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2019.04.006
13. [13]
  K. Qi, B. Cheng, J. Yu, W. Ho, Chin. J. Catal. 38 (2017) 1936-1955. doi: 10.1016/S1872-2067(17)62962-0
14. [14]
  X. Lang, J. Zhao, X. Chen, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 55 (2016) 4697-4700. doi: 10.1002/anie.201600405
15. [15]
  R. Daghrir, P. Drogui, D. Robert, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 52 (2013) 3581-3599. doi: 10.1021/ie303468t
16. [16]
  S. Ghosh, A.P. Das, Toxicol. Environ. Chem. 97 (2015) 491-514. doi: 10.1080/02772248.2015.1052204
17. [17]
  X. Liu, Z. Xing, Y. Zhang, et al., Appl. Catal. B -Environ. 201 (2017) 119-127. doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2016.08.031
18. [18]
  M.R.A. Mamun, S. Kader, M.S. Islam, M.Z.H. Khan, J. Environ. Chem. Eng. 7 (2019)103248. doi: 10.1016/j.jece.2019.103248
19. [19]
  S.G. Kumar, K.S.R.K. Rao, Appl. Surf. Sci. 391 (2017) 124-148. doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2016.07.081
20. [20]
  Y. Yang, G. Liu, J.T.S. Irvine, H. Cheng, Adv. Mater. 28 (2016) 5850-5856. doi: 10.1002/adma.201600495
21. [21]
  Y.H. Hu, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 51 (2012) 12410-12412. doi: 10.1002/anie.201206375
22. [22]
  S. Krejcikova, L. MatÄjova, K. Koci, et al., Appl. Catal. B -Environ. 112 (2012) 119-125.
23. [23]
  K. Sayama, H. Arakawa, ChemInform 93 (1997) 1647-1654.
24. [24]
  J. Yu, Q. Xiang, M. Zhou, Appl. Catal. B -Environ. 90 (2009) 595-602. doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2009.04.021
25. [25]
  T.S. DÃgrr, L. Deilmann, G. Haselmann, et al., Adv. Energy Mater. (2018) 1802566.
26. [26]
  S. Bai, L. Wang, X. Chen, J. Du, Y. Xiong, Chin. J. Catal. 38 (2017) 1936-1955. doi: 10.1016/S1872-2067(17)62962-0
27. [27]
  J. Zhang, C. Pan, P. Fang, J. Wei, R. Xiong, ACS Appl. Mater. Interface 2 (2010) 1173-1176. doi: 10.1021/am100011c
28. [28]
  X. Zeng, X. Sun, Y. Yu, H. Wang, Y. Wang, Chem. Eng. J. 378 (2019) 122226. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2019.122226
29. [29]
  X. Li, P. Liu, Y. Mao, M. Xing, J. Zhang, Appl. Catal. B -Environ. 164 (2015) 352-359. doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2014.09.053
30. [30]
  B. Li, B. Xi, Z. Feng, et al., Adv. Mater. 30 (2018) 1-9.
31. [31]
  H. Li, Z. Bian, J. Zhu, et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 129 (2007) 8406-8407. doi: 10.1021/ja072191c
32. [32]
  H. Hao, J. Zhang, Mater. Lett. 63 (2009) 106-108. doi: 10.1016/j.matlet.2008.09.020
33. [33]
  T. Qiang, Y. Song, R. Zhu, W. Yuan, J. Alloy. Compd. 829 (2020) 154512. doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.154512
34. [34]
  W. Wang, Y. Liu, J. Qu, Y. Chen, Z. Shao, RSC Adv. 6 (2016) 40923-40931. doi: 10.1039/C6RA02966C
35. [35]
  B. Lei, P. Zhang, M. Xie, et al., Electrochim. Acta 173 (2015) 497-505. doi: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.05.089
36. [36]
  B. Fang, A. Bonakdarpour, K. Reilly, et al., ACS Appl. Mater. Interface 6 (2014) 15488-15498. doi: 10.1021/am504128t
37. [37]
  Z. Li, H. Liu, L. Zeng, et al., Langmuir 30 (2014) 12154-12163. doi: 10.1021/la502564r
38. [38]
  W. Yuan, Z. Zhang, X. Cui, et al., ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 6 (2018) 13766-13777. doi: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.8b01787
39. [39]
  X. Xiong, M. Lin, J. Duan, Y. Wang, Z. Yu, React. Funct. Polym. 72 (2012) 365-371. doi: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2012.03.012
40. [40]
  M. Nishikawa, S. Yuto, T. Nakajima, T. Tsuchiya, N. Saito, Catal. Lett. 147 (2017) 292-300. doi: 10.1007/s10562-016-1928-x
41. [41]
  V. Jeyalakshmi, R. Mahalakshmy, K.R. Krishnamurthy, B. Viswanathan, Catal. Today 300 (2018) 152-159. doi: 10.1016/j.cattod.2017.02.050
42. [42]
  K. Qi, R. Selvaraj, T.A. Fahdi, et al., Appl. Surf. Sci. 387 (2016) 750-758. doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2016.06.134
43. [43]
  D. Li, J. Jia, T. Zheng, X. Cheng, X. Yu, Appl. Catal. B -Environ. 188 (2016) 259-271. doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2016.02.019
44. [44]
  M. Rahbar, M. Mehrzad, M. Behpour, Nanotechnology 30 (2019) 505702. doi: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab40dc
45. [45]
  F. Li, X. Wang, Y. Zhao, et al., Appl. Catal. B -Environ. 144 (2014) 442-453. doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2013.07.050
46. [46]
  R. Katal, S. Masudypanah, M. Tanhaei, M.H.D.A. Farahani, J. Hu, Chem. Eng. J. 384 (2020) 123384. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2019.123384
47. [47]
  Y. Shao, C. Cao, S. Chen, et al., Appl. Catal. B -Environ. 179 (2015) 344-351. doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2015.05.023
48. [48]
  Y.S. Lam, J. Sin, A.Z. Abdullah, A.R. Mohamed, Appl. Catal. B -Environ. 370 (2013) 123-131.
49. [49]
  H. Wang, X. Yuan, Y. Wu, et al., Appl. Catal. B -Environ. 174 (2015) 445-454.
1. [1]
  Tingting Huang , Zhuanlong Ding , Hao Liu , Ping-An Chen , Longfeng Zhao , Yuanyuan Hu , Yifan Yao , Kun Yang , Zebing Zeng . Electron-transporting boron-doped polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Facile synthesis and heteroatom doping positions-modulated optoelectronic properties. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(4): 109117-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109117
2. [2]
  Qiang Zhang , Weiran Gong , Huinan Che , Bin Liu , Yanhui Ao . S doping induces to promoted spatial separation of charge carriers on carbon nitride for efficiently photocatalytic degradation of atrazine. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2023, 42(12): 100205-100205. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2023.100205
3. [3]
  Wei-Jia Wang , Kaihong Chen . Molecular-based porous polymers with precise sites for photoreduction of carbon dioxide. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(1): 109998-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109998
4. [4]
  Zhen Shi , Wei Jin , Yuhang Sun , Xu Li , Liang Mao , Xiaoyan Cai , Zaizhu Lou . Interface charge separation in Cu2CoSnS4/ZnIn2S4 heterojunction for boosting photocatalytic hydrogen production. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2023, 42(12): 100201-100201. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2023.100201
5. [5]
  Ziruo Zhou , Wenyu Guo , Tingyu Yang , Dandan Zheng , Yuanxing Fang , Xiahui Lin , Yidong Hou , Guigang Zhang , Sibo Wang . Defect and nanostructure engineering of polymeric carbon nitride for visible-light-driven CO2 reduction. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2024, 43(3): 100245-100245. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2024.100245
6. [6]
  Weixu Li , Yuexin Wang , Lin Li , Xinyi Huang , Mengdi Liu , Bo Gui , Xianjun Lang , Cheng Wang . Promoting energy transfer pathway in porphyrin-based sp2 carbon-conjugated covalent organic frameworks for selective photocatalytic oxidation of sulfide. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2024, 43(7): 100299-100299. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2024.100299
7. [7]
  Mengjun Zhao , Yuhao Guo , Na Li , Tingjiang Yan . Deciphering the structural evolution and real active ingredients of iron oxides in photocatalytic CO2 hydrogenation. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2024, 43(8): 100348-100348. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2024.100348
8. [8]
  Jiangqi Ning , Junhan Huang , Yuhang Liu , Yanlei Chen , Qing Niu , Qingqing Lin , Yajun He , Zheyuan Liu , Yan Yu , Liuyi Li . Alkyl-linked TiO2@COF heterostructure facilitating photocatalytic CO2 reduction by targeted electron transport. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2024, 43(12): 100453-100453. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2024.100453
9. [9]
  Jiaqi Ma , Lan Li , Yiming Zhang , Jinjie Qian , Xusheng Wang . Covalent organic frameworks: Synthesis, structures, characterizations and progress of photocatalytic reduction of CO2. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2024, 43(12): 100466-100466. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2024.100466
10. [10]
  Yanghanbin Zhang , Dongxiao Wen , Wei Sun , Jiahe Peng , Dezhong Yu , Xin Li , Yang Qu , Jizhou Jiang . State-of-the-art evolution of g-C3N4-based photocatalytic applications: A critical review. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2024, 43(12): 100469-100469. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2024.100469
11. [11]
  Tianhao Li , Wenguang Tu , Zhigang Zou . In situ photocatalytically enhanced thermogalvanic cells for electricity and hydrogen production. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2024, 43(1): 100195-100195. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2023.100195
12. [12]
  Guixu Pan , Zhiling Xia , Ning Wang , Hejia Sun , Zhaoqi Guo , Yunfeng Li , Xin Li . Preparation of high-efficient donor-π-acceptor system with crystalline g-C3N4 as charge transfer module for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2024, 43(12): 100463-100463. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2024.100463
13. [13]
  Yue Pan , Wenping Si , Yahao Li , Haotian Tan , Ji Liang , Feng Hou . Promoting exciton dissociation by metal ion modification in polymeric carbon nitride for photocatalysis. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(12): 109877-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109877
14. [14]
  Jia-Cheng Hou , Wei Cai , Hong-Tao Ji , Li-Juan Ou , Wei-Min He . Recent advances in semi-heterogenous photocatalysis in organic synthesis. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(2): 110469-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110469
15. [15]
  Chaoqun Ma , Yuebo Wang , Ning Han , Rongzhen Zhang , Hui Liu , Xiaofeng Sun , Lingbao Xing . Carbon dot-based artificial light-harvesting systems with sequential energy transfer and white light emission for photocatalysis. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(4): 108632-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108632
16. [16]
  Jing Wang , Zenghui Li , Xiaoyang Liu , Bochao Su , Honghong Gong , Chao Feng , Guoping Li , Gang He , Bin Rao . Fine-tuning redox ability of arylene-bridged bis(benzimidazolium) for electrochromism and visible-light photocatalysis. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(9): 109473-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109473
17. [17]
  Fabrice Nelly Habarugira , Ducheng Yao , Wei Miao , Chengcheng Chu , Zhong Chen , Shun Mao . Synergy of sodium doping and nitrogen defects in carbon nitride for promoted photocatalytic synthesis of hydrogen peroxide. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(8): 109886-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109886
18. [18]
  Zhenfei Tang , Yunwu Zhang , Zhiyuan Yang , Haifeng Yuan , Tong Wu , Yue Li , Guixiang Zhang , Xingzhi Wang , Bin Chang , Dehui Sun , Hong Liu , Lili Zhao , Weijia Zhou . Iron-doping regulated light absorption and active sites in LiTaO₃ single crystal for photocatalytic nitrogen reduction. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(3): 110107-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110107
19. [19]
  Zhefei Hu , Jingwen Liao , Jiawen Zhou , Lulu Zhao , Yanjuan Liu , Yuefei Zhang , Wei Chen , Sheng Tang . A new green approach to synthesizing MIP-202@porous silica microspheres for positional isomer/enantiomer/hydrophilic separation. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(1): 109985-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109985
20. [20]
  Lihua Ma , Song Guo , Zhi-Ming Zhang , Jin-Zhong Wang , Tong-Bu Lu , Xian-Shun Zeng . Sensitizing photoactive metal–organic frameworks via chromophore for significantly boosting photosynthesis. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(5): 108661-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108661

Get Citation

PDF

XML

Metrics

PDF Downloads(4)
Abstract views(751)
HTML views(74)

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142