Citation: Dong Beibei, Liu Taifeng, Li Can, Zhang Fuxiang. Species, engineering and characterizations of defects in TiO₂-based photocatalyst[J]. Chinese Chemical Letters, ;2018, 29(5): 671-680. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2017.12.002 shu

Species, engineering and characterizations of defects in TiO₂-based photocatalyst

Dong Beibei ^a,b ,
Liu Taifeng ^c ,
Li Can ^a ,
Zhang Fuxiang ^a,,

a.
State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, 2011-iChEM, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Dalian 116023, China
b.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
c.
National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Applied Technology of Hybrid Nanomaterials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China

Author Bio:

Prof. Fuxiang Zhang earned his bachelor's degree (1999), Ph.D. (2004) and then worked as the faculty at Nankai University. In September 2007, he began to pursue his first postdoctoral research at the University of Pierre & Marrie Curie, in France. From July 2008 to September 2011, he worked as Postdoc at the University of Tokyo. From Oct. 2011 to now, he has been working at Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics (DICP) to develop novel photocatalytic materials with wide visible light utilization as well as its fabrication of efficient Z-scheme overall water splitting systems for hydrogen production. To date, he has published over 70 SCI papers in some peerreviewed journals such as Nat. Commun., J. Am. Chem. Soc., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., Chem. Sci. and ACS Catal. etc. with total cited times of over 4000
Corresponding author: Zhang Fuxiang, fxzhang@dicp.ac.cn
Received Date: 18 October 2017
Revised Date: 10 November 2017
Accepted Date: 18 October 2017
Available Online: 7 May 2017

Figures(15)

Light absorption, charge separation and surface reaction are considered as the main processes of photocatalysis on one semiconductor, and all of them are demonstrated to be related to the defect states of photocatalysts. This paper will choose TiO₂ as model photocatalyst to introduce some basic concepts and strategies related to defects and methods developed to characterize defects in the past decades. Meanwhile, such strategies as hydrogenation and metal/nonmetal doping into TiO₂ will be introduced to extend utilization of solar spectrum and/or to provide active sites. On the contrary, the unfavorable effect of defects such as acting as recombination centers of photogenerated carriers will also be introduced. Some typical methods to characterize the properties of defects are summarized, which contain electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), photoluminescence technique (PL), positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAS), and so on. We do hope that this review will make a revealing effect on understanding to the functions of defects as well as construction of efficient photocatalytic systems in the future.
- Titanium dioxide,
- Defect engineering,
- Photocatalysis,
- Water splitting,
- Environmental purification
1. [1]
  (a) J. Nowotny, Energy Environ. Sci. 1 (2008) 565-572;
  (b) H. J. Yu, R. Shi, T. R. Zhang, et al., Adv. Mater. 29 (2017) 1605148;
  (c) Y. F. Zhao, X. D. Jia, T. R. Zhang, et al., Adv. Energy Mater. 6 (2016) 1501974.
2. [2]
  J. Bisquert, A. Zaban, P. Salvador, J. Phys. Chem. B 106(2002) 8774-8782. doi: 10.1021/jp026058c
3. [3]
  (a) G. Adriaenssens, S. Baranovskii, Ö. Öktü, et al., Phys. Rev. B 51 (1995) 9661-9667;
  (b) J. Noolandi, Phys. Rev. B 16 (1977) 4466-4473;
  (c) F. W. Schmidlin, Phys. Rev. B 16 (1977) 2362-2385.
4. [4]
  (a) A. Barzykin, M. Tachiya, J. Phys. Chem. B 106 (2002) 4356-4363;
  (b) D. C. Hurum, K. A. Gray, J. Phys. Chem. B 109 (2005) 977-980.
5. [5]
  M.K. Nowotny, L.R. Sheppard, T. Bak, J. Nowotny, J. Phys. Chem. C 112(2008) 5275-5300. doi: 10.1021/jp077275m
6. [6]
  Y. Ma, X. Wang, C. Li, et al., Chem. Rev. 114(2014) 9987-10043. doi: 10.1021/cr500008u
7. [7]
  A. Fujishima, Nature 238(1972) 37-38. doi: 10.1038/238037a0
8. [8]
  (a) P. Zhang, M. Fujitsuka, T. Majima, J. Energy Chem. 25 (2016) 917-926;
  (b) W. Zhang, T. Zhou, J. Hong, R. Xu, J. Energy Chem. 25 (2016) 500-506;
  (c) C. Wu, Z. Gao, Y. Dai, et al., J. Energy Chem. 25 (2016) 726-733.
9. [9]
  (a) M. Batzill, E. H. Morales, U. Diebold, Phys. Rev. Lett. 96 (2006) 026103;
  (b) M. Nowotny, T. Bak, J. Nowotny, J. Phys. Chem. B 110 (2006) 16270-16282.
10. [10]
  (a) U. Diebold, Surf. Sci. Rep. 48 (2003) 53-229;
  (b) P. Kofstad, Oxid. Metal. 44 (1995) 3-27.
11. [11]
  T. Bak, J. Nowotny, M. Nowotny, J. Phys. Chem. B 110(2006) 21560-21567. doi: 10.1021/jp063700k
12. [12]
  F. Kröger, H. Vink, J. Phys. Chem. Solids 5(1958) 208-223. doi: 10.1016/0022-3697(58)90069-6
13. [13]
  D. M. Smyth, The Defect Chemistry of Metal Oxides, Oxford University, 2000.
14. [14]
  P. Wynblatt, R. McCune, J. Nowotny, L. Dufour, Surface and Near-Surface Chemistry of Oxide Materials, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1988.
15. [15]
  L.M. Peter, J. Li, R. Peat, J. Electroanal. Chem. 165(1984) 29-40. doi: 10.1016/S0022-0728(84)80084-4
16. [16]
  K. Maeda, N. Murakami, T. Ohno, J. Phys. Chem. C 118(2014) 9093-9100. doi: 10.1021/jp502949q
17. [17]
  (a) J. Nowotny, T. Bak, M. K. Nowotny, L. R. Sheppard, J. Phys. Chem. B 110 (2006) 18492-18495;
  (b) S. Polarz, J. Strunk, M. Driess, et al., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 45 (2006) 2965-2969.
18. [18]
  (a) X. B. Chen, L. Liu, P. Y. Yu, S. S. Mao, Science 331 (2011) 746-750;
  (b) Y. Liu, L. Tian, X. B. Chen, et al., Sci. Bull. 62 (2017) 431-441.
19. [19]
  G. Wang, H. Wang, Y. Li, et al., Nano Lett. 11(2011) 3026-3033. doi: 10.1021/nl201766h
20. [20]
  A. Naldoni, M. Allieta, V. Santo, et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 134(2012) 7600-7603. doi: 10.1021/ja3012676
21. [21]
  W. Wei, N. Yaru, L. Chunhua, X. Zhongzi, RSC Adv. 2(2012) 8286-8288. doi: 10.1039/c2ra21049e
22. [22]
  H. Liu, H. Ma, X.H. Bao, et al., Chemosphere 50(2003) 39-46. doi: 10.1016/S0045-6535(02)00486-1
23. [23]
  F. Zuo, L. Wang, P. Feng, et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132(2010) 11856-11857. doi: 10.1021/ja103843d
24. [24]
  I. Justicia, P. Ordejón, A. Figueras, et al., Adv. Mater. 14(2002) 1399-1402. doi: 10.1002/1521-4095(20021002)14:19<1399::AID-ADMA1399>3.0.CO;2-C
25. [25]
  Z. Wang, C. Yang, M. Jiang, et al., Adv. Funct. Mater. 23(2013) 5444-5450. doi: 10.1002/adfm.v23.43
26. [26]
  Z. Zheng, B. Huang, H. Whangbo, et al., Chem. Commun. 48(2012) 5733-5735. doi: 10.1039/c2cc32220j
27. [27]
  (a) X. Yu, B. Kim, Y. K. Kim, ACS Catal. 3 (2013) 2479-2486;
  (b) M. Kong, Y. Li, X. Zhao, et al., J. Am Chem. Soc. 133 (2011) 16414-16417.
28. [28]
  K.E. Karakitsou, X.E. Verykios, J. Phys. Chem. 97(1993) 1184-1189. doi: 10.1021/j100108a014
29. [29]
  J. Kiwi, M. Gratzel, J. Phys. Chem. C 90(1986) 637-640. doi: 10.1021/j100276a031
30. [30]
  S. Peng, Y. Li, S. Li, et al., Chem. Phys. 398(2004) 235-239.
31. [31]
  W. Choi, A. Termin, M.R. Hoffmann, J. Phys. Chem. 98(1994) 13669-13679. doi: 10.1021/j100102a038
32. [32]
  T. Takata, K. Domen, J. Phys. Chem. C 113(2009) 19386-19388. doi: 10.1021/jp908621e
33. [33]
  W. Mu, J.M. Herrmann, P. Pichat, Catal. Lett. 3(1989) 73-84. doi: 10.1007/BF00765057
34. [34]
  (a) E. Borgarello, J. Kiwi, M. Visca, et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 104 (1982) 2996-3002;
  (b) A. K. Ghosh, H. P. Maruska, J. Electrochem. Soc. 124 (1977) 1516-1522;
  (c) H. P. Maruska, A. K. Ghosh, Sol. Energy Mater. 1 (1979) 237-247;
  (d) J. Zhu, Z. Deng, L. Zhang, et al., Appl. Catal B: Environ. 62 (2006) 329-335;
  (e) J. Choi, H. Park, M. R. Hoffmann, J. Phys. Chem. C 114 (2010) 783-792.
35. [35]
  A. Mackor, G. Blasse, Chem. Phys. Lett. 77(1981) 6-8. doi: 10.1016/0009-2614(81)85588-1
36. [36]
  (a) J. M. Herrmann, J. Disdier, P. Pichat, Chem. Phys. Lett. 108 (1984) 618-622;
  (b) N. Serpone, D. Lawless, Langmuir 10 (1994) 643-652.
37. [37]
  (a) J. Zhu, F. Chen, J. Zhang, H. Chen, M. Anpo, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem. 180 (2006) 196-204;
  (b) S. Klosek, D. Raftery, J. Phys. Chem. B 105 (2001) 2815-2819;
  (c) X. Wang, J. G. Li, T. Ishigaki, et al., J. Phys Chem. B 110 (2006) 6804-6809;
  (d) M. Litter, J. A. Navio, J. Photochem, Photobiol. A: Chem. 98 (1996) 171-181.
38. [38]
  J.C.S. Wu, C.H. Chen, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A:Chem. 163(2004) 509-515. doi: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2004.02.007
39. [39]
  Z. Luo, Q.H. Gao, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A:Chem. 63(1992) 367-375. doi: 10.1016/1010-6030(92)85202-6
40. [40]
  (a) R. Asahi, T. Morikawa, T. Ohwaki, K. Aoki, Y. Taga, Science 293 (2001) 269-271;
  (b) J. L. Gole, J. D. Stout, C. Burda, Y. Lou, X. Chen, J. Phys. Chem. B 108 (2004) 1230-1240;
  (c) P. G. Wu, C. H. Ma, J. K. Shang, Appl. Phys. A 81 (2005) 1411-1417.
41. [41]
  (a) J. C. Yu, J. Yu, L. Zhang, et al., Chem. Mater. 14 (2002) 3808-3816;
  (b) J. G. Yu, C. Y. Jimmy, K. Iu, et al., J. Solid State Chem. 174 (2003) 372-380.
42. [42]
  (a) T. Ohno, T. Mitsui, M. Matsumura, Chem. Lett. 32 (2003) 364-365;
  (b) T. Ohno, M. Akiyoshi, M. Matsumurac, et al., Appl. Catal. A: Gen. 265 (2004) 115-121;
  (c) T. Umebayashi, T. Yamaki, H. Itoh, K. Asai, Appl. Phys. Lett. 81 (2002) 454-456;
  (d) T. Umebayashi, T. Yamaki, S. Tanaka, K. Asai, Chem. Lett. 32 (2003) 330-331.
43. [43]
  (a) W. Zhao, W. Ma, Z. Shuai, et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 126 (2004) 4782-4783;
  (b) D. Chen, D. Yang, Q. Wang, Z. Jiang, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 45 (2006) 4110-4116.
44. [44]
  (a) S. U. M. Khan, M. Al-Shahry, W. B. Ingler, Science 297 (2002) 2243-2245;
  (b) S. Sakthivel, H. Kisch, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 42 (2003) 4908-4911;
  (c) H. Irie, Y. Watanabe, K. Hashimoto, Chem. Lett. 32 (2003) 772-773.
45. [45]
  (a) L. Lin, W. Lin, Y. Zhu, B. Zhao, Y. Xie, Chem. Lett. 34 (2005) 284-285;
  (b) N. O. Gopal, H. H. Lo, S. C. Ke, et al., J. Phys. Chem. C 116 (2012) 16191-16197.
46. [46]
  (a) O. Diwald, T. L. Thompson, J. T. Yates, et al., J. Phys. Chem. B 108 (2004) 6004-6008;
  (b) S. Yin, H. Yamaki, T. Sato, et al., Solid State Sci. 7 (2005) 1479-1485;
  (c) Y. Kuroda, T. Mori, S. Kittaka, et al., Langmuir 21 (2005) 8026-8034;
  (d) X. B. Chen, Y. B. Lou, J. L. Gole, et al., Adv. Funct. Mater. 15 (2005) 41-49;
  (e) C. Burda, Y. B. Lou, J. L. Gole, et al., Nano Lett. 3 (2003) 1049-1051;
  (f) S. Hoang, S. P. Berglund, C. B. Mullins, et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 134 (2012) 3659-3662.
47. [47]
  (a) J. Ma, H. Wu, Y. Liu, H. He, J. Phys. Chem. C 118 (2014) 7434-7441;
  (b) Z. Lin, A. Orlov, R. M. Lambert, M. C. Payne, J. Phys. Chem. B 109 (2005) 20948-20952;
  (c) T. Ihara, M. Miyoshi, S. Sugihara, et al., Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 42 (2003) 403-409.
48. [48]
  (a) J. Wang, D. N. Tafen, N. Wu, et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131 (2009) 12290-12297;
  (b) S. Sakthivel, M. Janczarek, H. Kisch, J. Phys. Chem. B 108 (2004) 19384-19387;
  (c) H. Irie, Y. Watanabe, K. Hashimoto, J. Phys. Chem. B 107 (2003) 5483-5486.
49. [49]
  (a) A. Nakada, S. Nishioka, K. Maeda, et al., J. Mater Chem. A 5 (2017) 11710-11719;
  (b) M. E. Kurtoglu, T. Longenbach, K. Sohlberg, Y. Gogotsi, J. Phys. Chem. C 115 (2011) 17392-17399;
  (c) M. Zou, L. Feng, M. H. Yang, et al., Nano Adv. 2 (2017) 36-44.
50. [50]
  (a) D. Li, H. Haneda, S. Hishita, N. Ohashi, Chem. Mater. 17 (2005) 2596-2602;
  (b) S. In, A. Orlov, R. M. Lambert, et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 129 (2007) 13790-13791.
51. [51]
  (a) W. J. Lo, Y. W. Chung, G. A. Somorjai, Surf. Sci. 71 (1978) 199-219;
  (b) M. A. Henderson, Surf. Sci. 355 (1996) 151-166.
52. [52]
  (a) M. R. Hoffmann, S. T. Martin, W. Y. Choi, D. W. Bahnemann, Chem. Rev. 95 (1995) 69-96;
  (b) G. Li, N. M. Dimitrijevic, K. A. Gray, et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130 (2008) 5402-5403;
  (c) A. Selloni, Nat. Mater. 7 (2008) 613-615.
53. [53]
  X. Pan, Y.J. Xu, Appl. Catal. A:Gen. 459(2013) 34-40. doi: 10.1016/j.apcata.2013.04.007
54. [54]
  (a) X. Q. Gong, A. Selloni, J. Phys. Chem. B 109 (2005) 19560-19562;
  (b) A. Vittadini, A. Selloni, F. P. Rotzinger, M. Grätzel, Phys. Rev. Lett. 81 (1998) 2954-2957;
  (c) H. Xu, P. Reunchan, J. H. Ye, et al., Chem. Mater. 25 (2013) 405-411;
  (d) J. Pan, G. Liu, H. M. Cheng, et al., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 50 (2011) 2133-2137.
55. [55]
  G. Liu, J.C. Yu, G.Q. Lu, H.M. Cheng, Chem. Commun. 47(2011) 6763-6783. doi: 10.1039/c1cc10665a
56. [56]
  J.G. Yu, H.G. Yu, W.K. Ho, et al., J. Phys. Chem. B 107(2003) 13871-13879. doi: 10.1021/jp036158y
57. [57]
  (a) M. J. Puska, C. Corbel, R. M. Nieminen, Phys. Rev. B 41 (1990) 9980-9993;
  (b) W. Shockley, W. Read Jr, Phys. Rev. 87 (1952) 835-842.
58. [58]
  (a) S. Yang, L. E. Halliburton, A. Fujishima, et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 94 (2009) 162114;
  (b) M. D'Arienzo, J. Carbajo, F. Morazzoni, et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133 (2011) 17652-17661;
  (c) D. C. Hurum, A. G. Agrios, M. C. Thurnauer, et al., J. Electron. Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. 150 (2006) 155-163;
  (d) J. B. Priebe, M. Karnahl, A. Brückner, et al., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 52 (2013) 11420-11424;
  (e) R. F. Howe, M. Graetzel, J. Phys. Chem. 91 (1987) 3906-3909;
  (f) R. Chong, J. Li, C. Li, et al., Chem. Commun. 50 (2014) 165-167;
  (g) R. Li, Y. Weng, C. Li, et al., Energy Environ. Sci. 8 (2015) 2377-2382;
  (h) R. Chong, J. Li, C. Li, et al., J. Catal. 314 (2014) 101-108.
59. [59]
  D.C. Hurum, A.G. Agrios, K.A. Gray, J. Phys. Chem. B 107(2003) 4545-4549. doi: 10.1021/jp0273934
60. [60]
  F. Amano, M. Nakata, A. Yamamoto, T. Tanaka, J. Phys. Chem. C 120(2016) 6467-6474.
61. [61]
  (a) S. Yang, L. E. Halliburton, A. Fujishima, et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 94 (2009) 162114;
  (b) M. D'Arienzo, J. Carbajo, F. Morazzoni, et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133 (2011) 17652-17661;
  (c) D. C. Hurum, A. G. Agrios, M. C. Thurnauer, et al., J. Electron. Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. 150 (2006) 155-163;
  (d) J. B. Priebe, M. Karnahl, A. Brückner, et al., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 52 (2013) 11420-11424;
  (e) R. F. Howe, M. Graetzel, J. Phys. Chem. 91 (1987) 3906-3909;
  (f) R. Chong, J. Li, C. Li, et al., Chem. Commun. 50 (2014) 165-167;
  (g) R. Li, Y. Weng, C. Li, et al., Energy Environ. Sci. 8 (2015) 2377-2382;
  (h) R. Chong, J. Li, C. Li, et al., J. Catal. 314 (2014) 101-108.
62. [62]
  (a) M. V. Dozzi, C. D'Andrea, E. Selli, et al., J. Phys. Chem. C 117 (2013) 25586-25595;
  (b) K. Fujihara, S. Izumi, T. Ohno, M. Matsumura, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem. 132 (2000) 99-104.
63. [63]
  J.Y. Shi, J. Chen, C. Li, et al., J. Phys. Chem. C 111(2007) 693-699. doi: 10.1021/jp065744z
64. [64]
  (a) B. B. Dong, Y. Qi, C. Li, et al., Dalton Trans. 46 (2017) 10707-10713;
  (b) R. Plugaru, A. Cremades, J. Piqueras, J. Phys. Condens. Matter 16 (2003) S261-S268;
  (c) I. Fernández, A. Cremades, J. Piqueras, Semicond. Sci. Technol. 20 (2005) 239-243.
65. [65]
  (a) G. Dlubek, R. Krause, Phys. Status Solidi 102 (1987) 443-479;
  (b) Y. Itoh, H. Murakami, Appl. Phys. A 58 (1994) 59-62.
66. [66]
  X. Jiang, Y. Zhang, C. Pan, et al., J. Phys. Chem. C 116(2012) 22619-22624. doi: 10.1021/jp307573c
67. [67]
  (a) D. V. Lang, J. Appl. Phys. 45 (1974) 3023-3032;
  (b) T. Miyagi, T. Ogawa, T. Sato, et al., Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 40 (2001) L404-L406.
68. [68]
  (a) A. Yamakata, T. Ishibashi, H. Onishi, J. Phys. Chem. B 105 (2001) 7258-7262;
  (b) M. Zhu, Y. Mi, Y. X. Weng, et al., J. Phys. Chem. C 117 (2013) 18863-18869;
  (c) H. Zhao, Q. Zhang, Y. X. Weng, J. Phys. Chem. C 111 (2007) 3762-3769.
69. [69]
  (a) A. Thomas, W. Flavell, F. Wiame, et al., Phys. Rev. B 75 (2007) 035105;
  (b) A. Thomas, W. Flavell, R. Hengerer, et al., Phys. Rev. B 67 (2003) 035110.
70. [70]
  (a) X. Q. Gong, A. Selloni, M. Batzill, U. Diebold, Nat. Mater. 5 (2006) 665-670;
  (b) Y. He, O. Dulub, H. Cheng, A. Selloni, U. Diebold, Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 (2009) 106105.
71. [71]
  P. Krüger, S. Bourgeois, A. Morgante, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 100(2008) 055501. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.055501
72. [72]
  J. Boerio-Goates, S.J. Smith, B.F. Woodfield, et al., J. Phys. Chem. C 117(2013) 4544-4550. doi: 10.1021/jp310993w
73. [73]
  M. Henzler, Appl. Phys. A 34(1984) 205-214. doi: 10.1007/BF00616574
74. [74]
  W. Göpel, J. Anderson, G. Rocker, et al., Surf. Sci. 139(1984) 333-346. doi: 10.1016/0039-6028(84)90054-2
1. [1]
  Shujun Ning , Zhiyuan Wei , Zhening Chen , Tianmin Wu , Lu Zhang . Curvature and defect formation synergistically promote the photocatalysis of ZnO slabs. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(7): 111057-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111057
2. [2]
  Tengjia Ni , Xianbiao Hou , Huanlei Wang , Lei Chu , Shuixing Dai , Minghua Huang . Controllable defect engineering based on cobalt metal-organic framework for boosting oxygen evolution reaction. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2024, 43(1): 100210-100210. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2023.100210
3. [3]
  Hualin Jiang , Wenxi Ye , Huitao Zhen , Xubiao Luo , Vyacheslav Fominski , Long Ye , Pinghua Chen . Novel 3D-on-2D g-C₃N₄/AgI._x._y heterojunction photocatalyst for simultaneous and stoichiometric production of H₂ and H₂O₂ from water splitting under visible light. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(2): 109984-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109984
4. [4]
  Tianli Hui , Tao Zheng , Xiaoluo Cheng , Tonghui Li , Rui Zhang , Xianghai Meng , Haiyan Liu , Zhichang Liu , Chunming Xu . A review of plasma treatment on nano-microstructure of electrochemical water splitting catalysts. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2025, 44(3): 100520-100520. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2025.100520
5. [5]
  Chunru Liu , Ligang Feng . Advances in anode catalysts of methanol-assisted water-splitting reactions for hydrogen generation. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2023, 42(10): 100136-100136. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2023.100136
6. [6]
  Xingyan Liu , Yue Li , Kaili Wu , Panpan Li , Yonggang Xu , Xiaowei Li , Junhao Zhou , Youzhou He , Min Fu , Guangming Jiang , Siping Wei . In-situ confined up-conversion Pt/CQDs within linker-defective NH₂-MIL-125 to integrate photosensitivity and conductivity for hydrogen production and NO oxidation. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(11): 110853-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.110853
7. [7]
  Kai Han , Guohui Dong , Ishaaq Saeed , Tingting Dong , Chenyang Xiao . Boosting bulk charge transport of CuWO4 photoanodes via Cs doping for solar water oxidation. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2024, 43(2): 100207-100207. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2023.100207
8. [8]
  Ziruo Zhou , Wenyu Guo , Tingyu Yang , Dandan Zheng , Yuanxing Fang , Xiahui Lin , Yidong Hou , Guigang Zhang , Sibo Wang . Defect and nanostructure engineering of polymeric carbon nitride for visible-light-driven CO2 reduction. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2024, 43(3): 100245-100245. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2024.100245
9. [9]
  Anna Dai , Zhenxiong Huang , Li Tian , Zheng Zhang , Xiangjiu Guan , Liejin Guo . Polymeric Carbon Nitride for Photocatalytic Overall Water Splitting: Modification Strategies and Recent Advances. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2025, 44(8): 100630-100630. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2025.100630
10. [10]
  Zhou Li , Mengxue Yu , Shixin Chang , Zhibin Huang , Zhenmin Cheng , Weibin Zhang , Sónia A. C. Carabineiro , Zhigao Xu , Kangle Lv . Enhancing the photocatalytic activity of crystalline g-C3N4 towards NO oxidation and CO2 reduction through K+-doping and cyano defect engineering. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2026, 45(1): 100698-100698. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2025.100698
11. [11]
  Haijing Cui , Weihao Zhu , Chuning Yue , Ming Yang , Wenzhi Ren , Aiguo Wu . Recent progress of ultrasound-responsive titanium dioxide sonosensitizers in cancer treatment. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(10): 109727-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109727
12. [12]
  Wanxin Hu , Yan Shi , Junxia Yu , Haiyang Shi , Yingping Huang , Ruiping Li . Engineering 2D/2D FeOOH/BiOCl S-scheme heterojunction toward efficient and stable tetracycline photodegradation. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2026, 45(3): 100832-100832. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2025.100832
13. [13]
  Baker Rhimi , Zheyang Liu , Jing Li , Min Zhou , Qiang Ma , Zhifeng Jiang . The potential of diatomic-site catalysts for CO2 photoreduction to multi-carbon products. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2026, 45(2): 100791-100791. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2025.100791
14. [14]
  Xiaoyu Song , Lei Xu , Xiangyu Meng , Yuening Wang , Mingjian Zhang , Aochi Liu , Jie Lin , Xiaotian Wang . TMO-based SERS: Dual enhancement mechanisms and multi-functional analytical applications. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2026, 45(2): 100797-100797. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2025.100797
15. [15]
  Bingke Zhang , Dongbo Wang , Jiamu Cao , Wen He , Gang Liu , Donghao Liu , Chenchen Zhao , Jingwen Pan , Sihang Liu , Weifeng Zhang , Xuan Fang , Liancheng Zhao , Jinzhong Wang . Tuning Stark effect by defect engineering on black titanium dioxide mesoporous spheres for enhanced hydrogen evolution. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(11): 110254-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110254
16. [16]
  Hongye Bai , Lihao Yu , Jinfu Xu , Xuliang Pang , Yajie Bai , Jianguo Cui , Weiqiang Fan . Controllable Decoration of Ni-MOF on TiO2: Understanding the Role of Coordination State on Photoelectrochemical Performance. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2023, 42(10): 100096-100096. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2023.100096
17. [17]
  Yan Fan , Jiao Tan , Cuijuan Zou , Xuliang Hu , Xing Feng , Xin-Long Ni . Unprecedented stepwise electron transfer and photocatalysis in supramolecular assembly derived hybrid single-layer two-dimensional nanosheets in water. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(4): 110101-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110101
18. [18]
  Wenhao Chen , Jian Du , Hanbin Zhang , Hancheng Wang , Kaicheng Xu , Zhujun Gao , Jiaming Tong , Jin Wang , Junjun Xue , Ting Zhi , Longlu Wang . Surface treatment of GaN nanowires for enhanced photoelectrochemical water-splitting. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(9): 109168-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109168
19. [19]
  Liwei Hou , Xianyun Peng , Siliu Lyu , Zhongjian Li , Bin Yang , Qinghua Zhang , Qinggang He , Lecheng Lei , Yang Hou . Advancements in MXene-based nanohybrids for electrochemical water splitting. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(6): 110392-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110392
20. [20]
  Lina Wang , Hairu Wang , Qian Bu , Qiong Mei , Junbo Zhong , Bo Bai , Qizhao Wang . Al-O bridged NiFeO_x/BiVO₄ photoanode for exceptional photoelectrochemical water splitting. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(4): 110139-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110139

Get Citation

PDF

XML

Metrics

PDF Downloads(8)
Abstract views(4170)
HTML views(134)

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

Species, engineering and characterizations of defects in TiO2-based photocatalyst

Metrics

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

Species, engineering and characterizations of defects in TiO₂-based photocatalyst