Citation: Madhudeepa Dey, Krishnajyoti Deb, Siddhartha Sankar Dhar. VO(acac)₂ catalyzed condensation of o-phenylenediamine with aromatic carboxylic acids/aldehydes under microwave radiation affording benzimidazoles[J]. Chinese Chemical Letters, ;2011, 22(3): 296-299. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2010.10.031 shu

VO(acac)₂ catalyzed condensation of o-phenylenediamine with aromatic carboxylic acids/aldehydes under microwave radiation affording benzimidazoles

Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Silchar, Silchar 788010, Assam, India

Received Date: 28 June 2010

Fund Project: We are grateful to the Department of Science and Technology (DST), New Delhi, Government of India for providing financial support (SR/FTP/CS-100/2007).

Vanadyl acetylacetonate, VO(acac)₂, has been found to be very effective catalyst for synthesis of a variety of benzimidazoles under solvent-free condition. The methodology involves the exposure of a mixture of o-phenylenediamine and a selected aromatic carboxylic acid/aldehyde to microwave radiation without the use of any solvent or supporting agents. The benzimidazoles were obtained in quick time with high yields.
- Vanadyl acetylacetonate,
- o-Phenylenediamine,
- Microwave irradiation,
- Solvent-free
1. [1]
  Hui Zhang , Zijian Zhao , Yajing Wang , Kai Ni , Yanfei Wang , Liang Zhu , Jianyun Liu , Xiaoyu Zhao . Structurally engineered solvent-free LiFePO₄ electrodes via hot-pressing with efficient ion transport pathways for lithium extraction from brine. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2026, 42(2): 100130-0. doi: 10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100130
2. [2]
  Meiling Xu , Xinyang Li , Pengyuan Liu , Junjun Liu , Xiao Han , Guodong Chai , Shuangling Zhong , Bai Yang , Liying Cui . A novel and visible ratiometric fluorescence determination of carbaryl based on red emissive carbon dots by a solvent-free method. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(2): 109860-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109860
3. [3]
  Xinyuan Li , Zhuozhu Li , Wenzhong Huang , Jiantao Li , Wei Zhang , Shihao Feng , Hao Fan , Zhuo Chen , Sungsik Lee , Congcong Cai , Liang Zhou . Solvent-free synthesis of Co single atom and nanocluster decorated N-doped carbon for efficient oxygen reduction. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(9): 110716-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110716
4. [4]
  Qinwen Zheng , Xin Liu , Lintao Tian , Yi Zhou , Libing Liao , Guocheng Lv . Mechanism of Fenton catalytic degradation of Rhodamine B induced by microwave and Fe₃O₄. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(4): 109771-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109771
5. [5]
  Denghong Zhao , Mingwei Yang , Yichuan Zhang , Long Qin , Hang Liu , Hongji Chen , Maoguo Tan , Zhongyi Yin , Bin Sun , Yu Shen , Haijiao Xie , Heyan Jiang . Microwave assisted metal-free catalysts preparation from waste plastics for efficient pollutants degradation: Interesting relationship between plastic types and nonradical/radical pathways. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2026, 37(3): 111631-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111631
6. [6]
  Zengzhen Chen , Lirong Zhao , Wenna Guo , Longfei Tan , Qiong Wu , Changhui Fu , Xiangling Ren , Shiping Yu , Xiaowei Chen , Nam-Young Kim , Guihua Jiang , Xianwei Meng . Microwave-sensitive Al-based nano-immunoadjuvant for strengthened tumor microwave-immunotherapy via programmed activation of NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2026, 37(3): 111299-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111299
7. [7]
  Tingting Liu , Pengfei Sun , Wei Zhao , Yingshuang Li , Lujun Cheng , Jiahai Fan , Xiaohui Bi , Xiaoping Dong . Magnesium doping to improve the light to heat conversion of OMS-2 for formaldehyde oxidation under visible light irradiation. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(4): 108813-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108813
8. [8]
  Yan-Kai Zhang , Yong-Zheng Zhang , Chun-Xiao Jia , Fang Wang , Xiuling Zhang , Yuhang Wu , Zhongmin Liu , Hui Hu , Da-Shuai Zhang , Longlong Geng , Jing Xu , Hongliang Huang . A stable Zn-MOF with anthracene-based linker for Cr(VI) photocatalytic reduction under sunlight irradiation. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(12): 109756-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109756
9. [9]
  Qian Wu , Mengda Xu , Tianjiao Ma , Shuzhen Yan , Jin Li , Xuesong Jiang . Chalcone-derived oxime esters with efficient photoinitiation properties under LED irradiation. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(3): 110427-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110427
10. [10]
  Qiang Cao , Xue-Feng Cheng , Jia Wang , Chang Zhou , Liu-Jun Yang , Guan Wang , Dong-Yun Chen , Jing-Hui He , Jian-Mei Lu . Graphene from microwave-initiated upcycling of waste polyethylene for electrocatalytic reduction of chloramphenicol. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(4): 108759-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108759
11. [11]
  Chunwei Lei , Jian Li , Bo Xu , Yu Xie , Yun Ling , Juhua Luo , Wei Zhang . Synthesis of Ni/MnO/C nano-microspheres with synergistic effects of dielectric and magnetic loss for efficient microwave absorption. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(7): 110419-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110419
12. [12]
  Sixiao Liu , Tianyi Wang , Lei Zhang , Chengyin Wang , Huan Pang . Cerium-based metal-organic framework-modified natural mineral vermiculite for photocatalytic nitrogen fixation under visible-light irradiation. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(3): 110058-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110058
13. [13]
  Luyao Guan , Zhaoxin Wang , Shengkai Li , Phouphien Keoingthong , Zhuo Chen . CoPt graphitic nanozyme enabled naked-eye identification and colorimetric/fluorescent dual-mode detection of phenylenediamine isomers. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2026, 37(2): 111323-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111323
14. [14]
  Shuo Li , Xinran Liu , Yongjie Zheng , Jun Ma , Shijie You , Heshan Zheng . Effective peroxydisulfate activation by CQDs-MnFe₂O₄@ZIF-8 catalyst for complementary degradation of bisphenol A by free radicals and non-radical pathways. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(5): 108971-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108971
15. [15]
  Xiaodan Wang , Yingnan Liu , Zhibin Liu , Zhongjian Li , Tao Zhang , Yi Cheng , Lecheng Lei , Bin Yang , Yang Hou . Highly efficient electrosynthesis of H₂O₂ in acidic electrolyte on metal-free heteroatoms co-doped carbon nanosheets and simultaneously promoting Fenton process. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(7): 108926-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108926
16. [16]
  Jun Dong , Senyuan Tan , Sunbin Yang , Yalong Jiang , Ruxing Wang , Jian Ao , Zilun Chen , Chaohai Zhang , Qinyou An , Xiaoxing Zhang . Spatial confinement of free-standing graphene sponge enables excellent stability of conversion-type Fe₂O₃ anode for sodium storage. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(3): 110010-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110010
17. [17]
  Haotian Zhang , Shengfa Feng , Mufan Cao , Xiong Xiong Liu , Pengcheng Yuan , Yaping Wang , Min Gao , Long Pan , Zhengming Sun . Al₂O₃ coated polyimide porous films enable thin yet strong polymer-in-salt solid-state electrolytes for dendrite-free lithium metal batteries. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(8): 111096-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111096
18. [18]
  Yan-Rui Zhao , Jin Zhang , Shi-Kun Yan , Guang-Zhi Zhou , Ya-Hui Wang , Qi-Yue Xin , Ji-Xiang Hu . Solvent-coordination directed control of electron transfer dynamics in photoactive complexes. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2025, 44(12): 100753-100753. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2025.100753
19. [19]
  Jun-Ting Mo , Zheng Wang . Achieving tunable long persistent luminescence in metal organic halides based on pyridine solvent. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(9): 109360-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109360
20. [20]
  Xiangrong Pan , Xixi Hou , Yuhang Du , Zhixin Pang , Shiyang He , Lan Wang , Jianxue Yang , Longfei Mao , Jianhua Qin , Haixia Wu , Baozhong Liu , Zhan Zhou , Lufang Ma , Chaoliang Tan . Solvent-mediated synthesis of 2D In-TCPP MOF nanosheets for enhanced photodynamic antibacterial therapy. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(12): 110536-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110536