Citation: Xinmeng Huang, Haoran Zhang, Mengxin Liu, Ying Miao, Zhenxi Yu, Qi Wu, Lei Pan. A densified conductive network of carbon nanotube-bridged vertical ZnO arrays for enhanced electromagnetic interference shielding, mechanical, and thermal properties of carbon fiber/polymer composites[J]. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, ;2026, 42(10): 100293. doi: 10.1016/j.actphy.2026.100293 shu

A densified conductive network of carbon nanotube-bridged vertical ZnO arrays for enhanced electromagnetic interference shielding, mechanical, and thermal properties of carbon fiber/polymer composites

Xinmeng Huang ¹ ,
Haoran Zhang ^1,, ,
Mengxin Liu ¹ ,
Ying Miao ¹ ,
Zhenxi Yu ¹ ,
Qi Wu ² ,
Lei Pan ^1,,

1.
College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, Jiangsu Province, China;
2.
College of Aerospace Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, Jiangsu Province, China

Corresponding author: Haoran Zhang, Lei Pan,
Received Date: 13 February 2026
Revised Date: 30 March 2026
Accepted Date: 30 March 2026

In response to the growing demands of advanced electronics with integrated electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding and efficient thermal management, this study develops a multifunctional carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite (CFRP) through a biomimetic hierarchical interface design. A multi-level interfacial engineering approach is employed: first, polydopamine activation improves interfacial adhesion; second, vertically-aligned ZnO nanorod (NRs) arrays are grown in situ to provide mechanical interlocking, dielectric loss, and radial heat conduction pathways; finally, a sheet-like carbon nanotube (CNT) network bridges adjacent fibers, forming a densified, continuous conductive framework. This organic-inorganic, “line-plane” coupled architecture results in remarkable multifunctional enhancement: the composite achieves an EMI shielding effectiveness of 30.8 dB in the X-band, a through-plane thermal conductivity of 0.71 W m^-1 K^-1, and significant mechanical improvements—interlaminar shear strength and flexural strength increased by 57.4% and 84.3%, respectively. Efficient Joule heating and photothermal response are also demonstrated. This work presents a scalable hierarchical interface strategy that synergistically integrates structural, thermal, and electromagnetic functions, offering a viable design pathway for next-generation structural materials in EMI-sensitive applications.
- Carbon fiber,
- ZnO nanorod,
- Thermal conductivity,
- Mechanical property,
- Electromagnetic interference shielding
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