Citation: Yao Xie, Shuangjun Li, Chao Chen, Siyu Fan, Ying Tao, Qitao Zhang. Ionic polarization engineering of polymeric carbon nitride toward efficient H₂O₂ photosynthesis[J]. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, ;2026, 42(5): 100183. doi: 10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100183 shu

Ionic polarization engineering of polymeric carbon nitride toward efficient H₂O₂ photosynthesis

Yao Xie ¹ ,
Shuangjun Li ² ,
Chao Chen ¹ ,
Siyu Fan ³ ,
Ying Tao ^1,, ,
Qitao Zhang ^1,,

1.
International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong Province, China
2.
Research Center of Nano Science and Technology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
3.
Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu 804-8550, Japan

Corresponding author: Ying Tao, taoying951223@163.com Qitao Zhang, qitao-zhang@szu.edu.cn
Received Date: 20 August 2025
Revised Date: 4 September 2025
Accepted Date: 4 September 2025

Molten salt polarization, leveraging ionic interactions in high-temperature molten salts, emerges as a powerful yet underexplored strategy for structural engineering. It enables precise structural engineering of polymeric carbon nitride (PCN), offering a promising strategy to boost photocatalytic H₂O₂ synthesis. Herein, we report a controlled modulation strategy by varying LiCl/KCl ratios in molten salts to tailor the framework structures of PCN, achieving two distinct crystalline phases: heptazine-dominated (LKCN-0.95) and heptazine-triazine donor-acceptor (D-A) junction (LKCN-0.2). By integrating experimental and theoretical analyses, we revealed that Li⁺-rich molten salts promote highly ordered heptazine frameworks, while K⁺-dominated systems enable triazine incorporation. The optimized heptazine-dominated and heptazine-triazine junction exhibited 27-fold and 42-fold enhancements in H₂O₂ photosynthesis (3.3 and 5.2 mmol L⁻¹ h⁻¹) compared to pristine PCN (0.12 mmol L⁻¹ h⁻¹), alongside exceptional stability over five cycles. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that structural modulation enhances charge separation and optimizes oxygen adsorption/activation for selective 2e⁻ oxygen reduction. This work not only advances the understanding of molten salt-driven structural evolution but also provides a scalable approach for designing efficient photocatalysts toward solar-driven H₂O₂ photosynthesis.
- Polymeric carbon nitride,
- Heptazine-Triazine,
- Ionic polarization,
- Hydrogen peroxide,
- Photosynthesis
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沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

Ionic polarization engineering of polymeric carbon nitride toward efficient H2O2 photosynthesis

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

Ionic polarization engineering of polymeric carbon nitride toward efficient H₂O₂ photosynthesis