Citation: Wei Ren, Jinhe Li, Chengzhang Zhu, Weikang Wang, Qinqin Liu. Tailored spin states: a transformative paradigm for sustainable catalysis[J]. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, ;2026, 42(4): 100178. doi: 10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100178 shu

Tailored spin states: a transformative paradigm for sustainable catalysis

Wei Ren ¹ ,
Jinhe Li ¹ ,
Chengzhang Zhu ^2,, ,
Weikang Wang ¹ ,
Qinqin Liu ^1,,

1.
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu Provicne, China
2.
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Provicne, China

Corresponding author: Chengzhang Zhu, zhucz@njtech.edu.cn Qinqin Liu, qqliu@ujs.edu.cn
Received Date: 18 July 2025
Revised Date: 29 August 2025
Accepted Date: 1 September 2025

Amid escalating global sustainability pressures and energy-environmental crises, catalytic innovation has reached a pivotal inflection point. Electron spin manipulation emerges as a transformative paradigm, fundamentally rewiring reaction pathways at the quantum level, transcending classical electronic and geometric constraints. This review frames spin-engineered active centers as molecular spin switches, governing orbital symmetry matching, spin-polarized electron transfer, and transition-state energy landscapes. Covering diverse catalytic materials including metal oxides (e.g., Co₃O₄, Y₂Ru₂O₇), sulfides, alloys, and coordination compounds (e.g., MOF-Co/Cu/Ni), we elucidate how targeted spin-state modulation—achieved via coordination engineering (doping/defect introduction, ligand regulation), valence modulation, size control (quantum confinement), and external stimuli (magnetic coupling)—dynamically tailors d-orbital occupancy to optimize intermediate adsorption and overcome thermodynamic scaling limitations. Critically, these engineered spin configurations mediate accelerated charge-transfer kinetics, thereby expediting rate-determining steps and elevating overall catalytic performance. By integrating advanced spin-sensitive characterization with theoretical calculation, this review summarizes how precisely tailored high- and low-spin states yield unprecedented enhancements in key reactions such as oxygen reduction, CO₂ reduction, hydrogen evolution, urea synthesis, and battery-related reactions. The perspective advances an innovation framework where nonequilibrium spin control and spin-coherent catalysis will pioneer next-generation sustainable energy technologies.
- Spin controlling,
- Catalytic reaction,
- Spin modulation method,
- Characterization technique
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沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142