Citation:
	            
		            Sayyedeh  Shadfar Pourpanah, Sayyed  Mostafa Habibi-Khorassani, Mehdi  Shahraki. Fructose-catalyzed synthesis of tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyran derivatives: Investigation of kinetics and mechanism[J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis,
							;2015, 36(5): 757-763.
						
							doi:
								10.1016/S1872-2067(14)60302-8
						
					
				
					
				
	        
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	                	Fructose was used as an efficient catalyst for three-component condensation reactions of aryl aldehydes, malononitrile, and dimedone in a mixture of EtOH and H2O as green solvents. The advantages of this method are a short reaction time, high yields, low cost, easy accesses, and simple work-up. The mechanism of the synthesis of a derivative of 4H-tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyran was clarified using spectroscopic kinetic methods. The activation energy (Ea = 65.34 kJ/mol) and related kinetic parameters (ΔG‡ = 69.14 kJ/mol, ΔS‡ = 20.99 J/(mol·K), and ΔH‡ = 62.89 kJ/mol) were calculated, based on the effects of temperature, concentration, and solvent. The first step in the proposed mechanism was identified as the rate-determining step (k1), based on the steady-state approximation.
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								Keywords:
								
 - Fructose,
 - Catalyst,
 - Kinetics,
 - Mechanism,
 - Tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyran derivative
 
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