Citation: Hossein Pourrahmani, Mona Golparvar, Mohammad Fasihi. A New Evaluation Criterion for Optimizing the Mechanical Properties of Toughened Polypropylene/Silica Nanocomposites[J]. Chinese Journal of Polymer Science doi: 10.1007/s10118-020-2399-5 shu

A New Evaluation Criterion for Optimizing the Mechanical Properties of Toughened Polypropylene/Silica Nanocomposites

a.
Group of Energy Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Sion 1951, Switzerland
b.
School of Chemical, Petroleum and Gas Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 16846-13114, Iran
c.
School of Mechanical Engineering, Braunschweig university of technology, Braunschweig 38106, Germany

Corresponding author: Mohammad Fasihi, mfasihi@iust.ac.ir
Received Date: 11 November 2019
Revised Date: 14 January 2020
Available Online: 15 April 2020

This study aims to experiment with the mechanical properties of polypropylene (PP)/thermoplastic elastomer/nano-silica/compatibilizer nanocomposite using the melt mixing method. The addition of polyolefin elastomers has proved to be an approachable solution for low impact strength of PP, while it would also reduce the Young′s modulus and tensile strength. That is why reinforcement would be applied to this combination to enhance the elastic modulus. The mechanical properties of the prepared composites were devised to train an artificial neural network to predict these properties of the system in 6256 unknown points. Therefore, the sensitivity analysis was performed and the share of each input parameter on the respective output values was calculated. Additionally, a novel parameter called nanocomposite evaluation criterion (NEC) is introduced to analyze the suitability of the nanocomposites considering the mechanical properties. Accordingly, the formulation with optimal mechanical properties of toughness, elongation at break, tensile strength, Young′s modulus, and impact strength was obtained.
- Nanocomposite,
- Polypropylene (PP),
- Silica,
- Artificial neural networks,
- Nanocomposite evaluation criterion (NEC),
- Sensitivity analysis
1. [1]
  Maira, B.; Takeuchi, K.; Chammingkwan, P.; Terano, M.; Taniike, T. Thermal conductivity of polypropylene/aluminum oxide nanocomposites prepared based on reactor granule technology. Compos. Sci. Technol. 2018, 165, 259−265. doi: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2018.07.007
2. [2]
  Xu, C.; Zheng, Z.; Wu, W.; Wang, Z.; Fu, L. Dynamically vulcanized PP/EPDM blends with balanced stiffness and toughness via in-situ compatibilization of MAA and excess ZnO nanoparticles: preparation, structure and properties. Compos. Part B Eng. 2019, 160, 147−157. doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2018.10.014
3. [3]
  Aumnate, C.; Limpanart, S.; Soatthiyanon, N.; Khunton, S. PP/organoclay nanocomposites for fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3D printing. Express Polym. Lett. 2019, 13, 898−909. doi: 10.3144/expresspolymlett.2019.78
4. [4]
  Shonaike, G. O.; Matsuo, T. Impregnation conditions on glass fiber reinforced thermoplastic polyster elastomer composites. J. Reinf. Plast. Compos. 1996, 15, 16−29. doi: 10.1177/073168449601500102
5. [5]
  Shonaike, G. O.; Matsuo, T. Experimental analysis of relation between shear coupling element and bias angle of carbon fiber reinforced polyether-polyester elastomer composites. J. Reinf. Plast. Compos. 1997, 16, 217−225. doi: 10.1177/073168449701600302
6. [6]
  Lee, J. W.; Kwon, T.; Kang, Y.; Han, T. H.; Cho, C. G.; Hong, S. M.; Hwang, S. W.; Koo, C. M. Styrenic block copolymer/sulfonated graphene oxide composite membranes for highly bendable ionic polymer actuators with large ion concentration gradient. Compos. Sci. Technol. 2018, 163, 63−70. doi: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2018.05.002
7. [7]
  Paran, S. M. R.; Abdorahimi, M.; Shekarabi, A.; Khonakdar, H. A.; Jafari, S. H.; Saeb, M. R. Modeling and analysis of nonlinear elastoplastic behavior of compatibilized polyolefin/polyester/clay nanocomposites with emphasis on interfacial interaction exploration. Compos. Sci. Technol. 2018, 154, 92−103. doi: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2017.11.018
8. [8]
  Sun, W. J.; Xu, L.; Jia, L. C.; Zhou, C. G.; Xiang, Y.; Yin, R. H.; Yan, D. X.; Tang, J. H.; Li, Z. M. Highly conductive and stretchable carbon nanotube/thermoplastic polyurethane composite for wearable heater. Compos. Sci. Technol. 2019, 181, 107695. doi: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2019.107695
9. [9]
  Huang, Z. M. Characterization of knitted fabric reinforced elastomer composite. J. Reinf. Plast. Compos. 1999, 18, 118−137. doi: 10.1177/073168449901800202
10. [10]
  Bajsić, E. G.; Šmit, I.; Leskovac M. Blends of thermoplastic polyurethane and polypropylene. I. Mechanical and phase behavior. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2007, 104, 3980−3985. doi: 10.1002/app.26222
11. [11]
  Fasihi, M.; Mansouri, H. Effect of rubber interparticle distance distribution on toughening behavior of thermoplastic polyolefin elastomer toughened polypropylene. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 44068.
12. [12]
  Liang, J. Z. Mechanical properties and morphology of polypropylene/poly(ethylene-co-octene) blends. J. Polym. Environ. 2012, 20, 872−878. doi: 10.1007/s10924-012-0441-6
13. [13]
  Członka, S.; Strąkowska, A.; Strzelec, K.; Kairytė, A.; Vaitkus, S. Composites of rigid polyurethane foams and silica powder filler enhanced with ionic liquid. Polym. Test. 2019, 75, 12−25. doi: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2019.01.021
14. [14]
  Sahraeian, R.; Davachi, S. M.; Heidari, B. S. The effect of nanoperlite and its silane treatment on thermal properties and degradation of polypropylene/nanoperlite nanocomposite films. Compos. Part B Eng. 2019, 162, 103−111. doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2018.10.093
15. [15]
  Davachi, S. M.; Heidari, B. S.; Sahraeian, R.; Abbaspourrad, A. The effect of nanoperlite and its silane treatment on the crystallinity, rheological, optical, and surface properties of polypropylene/nanoperlite nanocomposite films. Compos. Part B Eng. 2019, 175, 107088. doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2019.107088
16. [16]
  Parimalam, M.; Islam, M. R.; Yunus, R. M. Effects of nanosilica, zinc oxide, titatinum oxide on the performance of epoxy hybrid nanocoating in presence of rubber latex. Polym. Test. 2018, 70, 197−207. doi: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2018.07.008
17. [17]
  Panaitescu, D. M.; Vuluga, Z.; Radovici, C.; Nicolae, C. Morphological investigation of PP/nanosilica composites containing SEBS. Polym. Test. 2012, 31, 355−365. doi: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2011.12.010
18. [18]
  Lee, S. H.; Kontopoulou, M.; Park, C. B. Effect of nanosilica on the co-continuous morphology of polypropylene/polyolefin elastomer blends. Polymer 2010, 51, 1147−1155. doi: 10.1016/j.polymer.2010.01.018
19. [19]
  Liu, Y.; Kontopoulou, M. The structure and physical properties of polypropylene and thermoplastic olefin nanocomposites containing nanosilica. Polymer 2006, 47, 7731−7739. doi: 10.1016/j.polymer.2006.09.014
20. [20]
  Canto, L. B. Aspects regarding the efficiency of nanosilica as an interfacial compatibilizer of a polypropylene/ethylene vinyl-acetate immiscible blend. Polym. Test. 2019, 73, 135−142. doi: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2018.11.012
21. [21]
  Liu, B.; Shangguan, Y.; Zheng, Q. Toughening of ethylene-propylene random copolymer/clay nanocomposites: Comparison of different compatibilizers. Chinese J. Polym. Sci. 2012, 30, 853−864. doi: 10.1007/s10118-012-1185-4
22. [22]
  Ma, G.; Zhai, J.; Liu, B.; Huang, D.; Sheng, J. Plasma modification of polypropylene surfaces and grafting copolymerization of styrene onto polypropylene. Chinese J. Polym. Sci. 2012, 30, 423−435. doi: 10.1007/s10118-012-1130-6
23. [23]
  Wang, L.; Jiang, Z.; Liu, F.; Zhang, Z.; Tang, T. Effects of branches on the crystallization kinetics of polypropylene-g-polystyrene and polypropylene-g-poly(n-butyl acrylate) graft copolymers with well-defined molecular structures. Chinese J. Polym. Sci. 2014, 32, 333−349. doi: 10.1007/s10118-014-1404-2
24. [24]
  Bikiaris, D. N.; Vassiliou, A.; Pavlidou, E.; Karayannidis, G. P. Compatibilisation effect of PP-g-MA copolymer on iPP/SiO₂ nanocomposites prepared by melt mixing. Eur. Polym. J. 2005, 41, 1965−1978. doi: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2005.03.008
25. [25]
  Tessier, R.; Lafranche, E.; Krawczak, P. Development of novel melt-compounded starch-grafted polypropylene/polypropylene-grafted maleic anhydride/organoclay ternary hybrids. Express Polym. Lett. 2012, 6, 937−952. doi: 10.3144/expresspolymlett.2012.99
26. [26]
  Bezerra, E. M.; Bento, M. S.; Rocco, J. A. F. F.; Iha, K.; Lourenço. V. L.; Pardini, L. C. Artificial neural network (ANN) prediction of kinetic parameters of (CRFC) composites. Comput. Mater. Sci. 2008, 44, 656−663. doi: 10.1016/j.commatsci.2008.05.002
27. [27]
  Seyhan, A. T.; Tayfur, G.; Karakurt, M.; Tanoğlu, M. Artificial neural network (ANN) prediction of compressive strength of VARTM processed polymer composites. Comput. Mater. Sci. 2005, 34, 99−105. doi: 10.1016/j.commatsci.2004.11.001
28. [28]
  Pourrahmani, H.; Moghimi, M.; Siavashi, M. Thermal management in PEMFCs: the respective effects of porous media in the gas flow channel. Int. J. Hydrog. Energy 2019, 44, 3121−3137. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.11.222
29. [29]
  Pourrahmani, H.; Moghimi, M.; Siavashi, M.; Shirbani, M. Sensitivity analysis and performance evaluation of the PEMFC using wave-like porous ribs. Appl. Therm. Eng. 2019, 150, 433−444. doi: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2019.01.010
30. [30]
  Pourrahmani, H.; Siavashi, M.; Moghimi, M. Design optimization and thermal management of the PEMFC using artificial neural networks. Energy 2019, 182, 443−459. doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2019.06.019
31. [31]
  Nazari, A.; Riahi, S. Prediction split tensile strength and water permeability of high strength concrete containing TiO₂ nanoparticles by artificial neural network and genetic programming. Compos. Part B Eng. 2011, 42, 473−488. doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2010.12.004
32. [32]
  Câmara, E. C. B.; Freire, R. C. S. Using neural networks to modeling the transverse elasticity modulus of unidirectional composites. Compos. Part B Eng. 2011, 42, 2024−2029. doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2011.04.042
33. [33]
  Liu, Q.; Li, H.; Yan, S. Structure and properties of β-polypropylene reinforced by polypropylene fiber and polyamide fiber. Chinese J. Polym. Sci. 2014, 32, 509−518. doi: 10.1007/s10118-014-1417-x
34. [34]
  Zhu, H.; Du, M.; Xu, C.; Zhang, X.; Fu, Y. Organic-inorganic hybrid network constructed in polypropylene matrix and its reinforcing effects on polypropylene composites. J. Reinf. Plast. Compos. 2013, 32, 174−182. doi: 10.1177/0731684412467841
35. [35]
  Saleeb, A. F.; Wilt, T. E.; Al-Zoubi, N. R.; Gendy, A. S. An anisotropic viscoelastoplastic model for composites—sensitivity analysis and parameter estimation. Compos. Part B Eng. 2003, 34, 21−39. doi: 10.1016/S1359-8368(02)00078-1
1. [1]
  Yun Wei , Lei Zhou , Wenbin Hu , Liming Yang , Guang Yang , Chaoqiang Wang , Hui Shi , Fei Han , Yufa Feng , Xuan Ding , Penghui Shao , Xubiao Luo . Recovery of cathode copper and ternary precursors from CuS slag derived by waste lithium-ion batteries: Process analysis and evaluation. Chinese Chemical Letters, doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109172
2. [2]
  Zhaomin Tang , Qian He , Jianren Zhou , Shuang Yan , Li Jiang , Yudong Wang , Chenxing Yao , Huangzhao Wei , Keda Yang , Jiajia Wang . Active-transporting of charge-reversal Cu(Ⅱ)-doped mesoporous silica nanoagents for antitumor chemo/chemodynamic therapy. Chinese Chemical Letters, doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109742
3. [3]
  Zhihong LUO , Yan SHI , Jinyu AN , Deyi ZHENG , Long LI , Quansheng OUYANG , Bin SHI , Jiaojing SHAO . Two-dimensional silica-modified polyethylene oxide solid polymer electrolyte to enhance the performance of lithium-ion batteries. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20230444
4. [4]
  Wantong Zhang , Zixing Xu , Guofei Dai , Zhijian Li , Chunhui Deng . Removal of Microcystin-LR in lake water sample by hydrophilic mesoporous silica composites under high-throughput MALDI-TOF MS detection platform. Chinese Chemical Letters, doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109135
5. [5]
  Xueling Yu , Lixing Fu , Tong Wang , Zhixin Liu , Na Niu , Ligang Chen . Multivariate chemical analysis: From sensors to sensor arrays. Chinese Chemical Letters, doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109167
6. [6]
  Weijian Zhang , Xianyu Deng , Liying Wang , Jian Wang , Xiuting Guo , Lianggui Huang , Xinyi Wang , Jun Wu , Linjia Jiang . Poly(ferulic acid) nanocarrier enhances chemotherapy sensitivity of acute myeloid leukemia by selectively targeting inflammatory macrophages. Chinese Chemical Letters, doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109422
7. [7]
  Lan Yang , Yu Li , Mou Jiang , Rui Zhou , Hengjiang Cong , Minghui Yang , Lei Zhang , Shenhui Li , Yunhuang Yang , Maili Liu , Xin Zhou , Zhong-Xing Jiang , Shizhen Chen . Fluorinated [2]rotaxanes as sensitive ¹⁹F MRI agents: Threading for higher sensitivity. Chinese Chemical Letters, doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109512
8. [8]
  Junmei FAN , Wei LIU , Ruitao ZHU , Chenxi QIN , Xiaoling LEI , Haotian WANG , Jiao WANG , Hongfei HAN . High sensitivity detection of baicalein by N, S co-doped carbon dots and their application in biofluids. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240120
9. [9]
  Huihui LIU , Baichuan ZHAO , Chuanhui WANG , Zhi WANG , Congyun ZHANG . Green synthesis of MIL-101/Au composite particles and their sensitivity to Raman detection of thiram. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240059
10. [10]
  Neng Shi , Haonan Jia , Jixiang Zhang , Pengyu Lu , Chenglong Cai , Yixin Zhang , Liqiang Zhang , Nongyue He , Weiran Zhu , Yan Cai , Zhangqi Feng , Ting Wang . Accurate expression of neck motion signal by piezoelectric sensor data analysis. Chinese Chemical Letters, doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109302
11. [11]
  Yuxin Li , Chengbin Liu , Qiuju Li , Shun Mao . Fluorescence analysis of antibiotics and antibiotic-resistance genes in the environment: A mini review. Chinese Chemical Letters, doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109541
12. [12]
  Peizhe Li , Qiaoling Liu , Mengyu Pei , Yuci Gan , Yan Gong , Chuchen Gong , Pei Wang , Mingsong Wang , Xiansong Wang , Da-Peng Yang , Bo Liang , Guangyu Ji . Chlorogenic acid supported strontium polyphenol networks ensemble microneedle patch to promote diabetic wound healing. Chinese Chemical Letters, doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109457
13. [13]
  Hong Dong , Feng-Ming Zhang . Covalent organic frameworks for artificial photosynthetic diluted CO2 reduction. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2024.100307
14. [14]
  Tian Feng , Yun-Ling Gao , Di Hu , Ke-Yu Yuan , Shu-Yi Gu , Yao-Hua Gu , Si-Yu Yu , Jun Xiong , Yu-Qi Feng , Jie Wang , Bi-Feng Yuan . Chronic sleep deprivation induces alterations in DNA and RNA modifications by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. Chinese Chemical Letters, doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109259
15. [15]
  Cheng Guo , Xiaoxiao Zhang , Xiujuan Hong , Yiqiu Hu , Lingna Mao , Kezhi Jiang . Graphene as adsorbent for highly efficient extraction of modified nucleosides in urine prior to liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis. Chinese Chemical Letters, doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108867
16. [16]
  Yi Herng Chan , Zhe Phak Chan , Serene Sow Mun Lock , Chung Loong Yiin , Shin Ying Foong , Mee Kee Wong , Muhammad Anwar Ishak , Ven Chian Quek , Shengbo Ge , Su Shiung Lam . Thermal pyrolysis conversion of methane to hydrogen (H₂): A review on process parameters, reaction kinetics and techno-economic analysis. Chinese Chemical Letters, doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109329
17. [17]
  Kaimin WANG , Xiong GU , Na DENG , Hongmei YU , Yanqin YE , Yulu MA . Synthesis, structure, fluorescence properties, and Hirshfeld surface analysis of three Zn(Ⅱ)/Cu(Ⅱ) complexes based on 5-(dimethylamino) isophthalic acid. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240009
18. [18]
  Mianying Huang , Zhiguang Xu , Xiaoming Lin . Mechanistic analysis of Co2VO4/X (X = Ni, C) heterostructures as anode materials of lithium-ion batteries. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2023.100309
19. [19]
  Yunxin Li , Jinghui Zhang , Jisen Chen , Feng Zhu , Zhiqiang Liu , Peng Bao , Wei Shen , Sheng Tang . Detection of SARS-CoV-2 based on artificial intelligence-assisted smartphone: A review. Chinese Chemical Letters, doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109220
20. [20]
  Chaoqun Ma , Yuebo Wang , Ning Han , Rongzhen Zhang , Hui Liu , Xiaofeng Sun , Lingbao Xing . Carbon dot-based artificial light-harvesting systems with sequential energy transfer and white light emission for photocatalysis. Chinese Chemical Letters, doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108632

Get Citation

PDF

XML

Metrics

PDF Downloads(0)
Abstract views(1739)
HTML views(114)

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142