Citation: Hui-Qin Cui, Rui-Xiang Peng, Wei Song, Jian-Feng Zhang, Jia-Ming Huang, Li-Qiang Zhu, Zi-Yi Ge. Optimization of Ethylene Glycol Doped PEDOT:PSS Transparent Electrodes for Flexible Organic Solar Cells by Drop-coating Method[J]. Chinese Journal of Polymer Science, ;2019, 37(8): 760-766. doi: 10.1007/s10118-019-2257-5 shu

Optimization of Ethylene Glycol Doped PEDOT:PSS Transparent Electrodes for Flexible Organic Solar Cells by Drop-coating Method

Hui-Qin Cui ^1,2 ,
Rui-Xiang Peng ^2,, ,
Wei Song ² ,
Jian-Feng Zhang ^1,, ,
Jia-Ming Huang ¹ ,
Li-Qiang Zhu ² ,
Zi-Yi Ge ^2,3,,

a.
Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
b.
Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
c.
Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Corresponding author: Rui-Xiang Peng, pengrx@nimte.ac.cn Jian-Feng Zhang, zjf@nbu.edu.cn Zi-Yi Ge, geziyi@nimte.ac.cn
Received Date: 13 February 2019
Revised Date: 1 January 2019
Available Online: 25 April 2019

Fabrication of flexible transparent electrodes (FTEs) is one of the core technologies in the field of flexible electronics. Among multiple choices of FTEs, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene-sulfonic acid) (PEDOT:PSS) has shown its promising application in roll-to-roll manufacturing. A simple yet effective method for substantially boosting the conductivity of these conducting polymer films without causing large-domain aggregations is by adding ethylene glycol (EG) as dopant. Herein, we investigated in detail the effects of the secondary solvent of ethylene glycol (EG) on the optical and electrical characteristics of PEDOT:PSS films. The modified PEDOT:PSS FTEs were deposited using drop-coating techniques as it had greater compatibility for large-area samples than the conventional spin-coating method did. The 6% EG-doped PEDOT:PSS FTE via drop-coating method achieved a high figure of merit (FoM) value of 47.24 and the devices fabricated using the optimal PEDOT:PSS FTE yielded a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.89%, mostly attributed to the modified PEDOT:PSS films that had excellent optical and electrical characteristics with low surface roughness. These results suggested that EG-doping could effectively boost the conductivity of PEDOT:PSS films and that the modified PEDOT:PSS FTE is suitable for roll-to-roll manufacturing in the future.
- PEDOT:PSS,
- Doping,
- Conductivity,
- Flexible transparent electrodes,
- Organic solar cells
1. [1]
  Kaltenbrunner, M.; Adam, G.; Glowacki, E. D.; Drack, M.; Schwodiauer, R.; Leonat, L.; Apaydin, D. H.; Groiss, H.; Scharber, M. C.; White, M. S.; Sariciftci, N. S.; Bauer, S. Flexible high power-per-weight perovskite solar cells with chromium oxide-metal contacts for improved stability in air. Nat. Mater. 2015, 14, 1032-1039. doi: 10.1038/nmat4388
2. [2]
  Wu, F.; Li, P.; Sun, K.; Zhou, Y.; Chen, W.; Fu, J.; Li, M.; Lu, S.; Wei, D.; Tang, X.; Zang, Z.; Sun, L.; Liu, X.; Ouyang, J. Conductivity enhancement of PEDOT:PSS via addition of chloroplatinic acid and its mechanism. Adv. Electron. Mater. 2017, 3, 1700047. doi: 10.1002/aelm.201700047
3. [3]
  Chen, J.; Huang, Y.; Zhang, N.; Zou, H.; Liu, R.; Tao, C.; Fan, X.; Wang, Z. L. Micro-cable structured textile for simultaneously harvesting solar and mechanical energy. Nat. Energy 2016, 1, 16138. doi: 10.1038/nenergy.2016.138
4. [4]
  Yin, Z.; Huang, Y.; Bu, N.; Wang, X.; Xiong, Y. Inkjet printing for flexible electronics: Materials, processes and equipments. Chinese Sci. Bull. 2010, 55, 3383-3407. doi: 10.1007/s11434-010-3251-y
5. [5]
  Abbel, R.; Galagan, Y.; Groen, P. Roll-to-roll fabrication of solution processed electronics. Adv. Eng. Mater. 2018, 20, 1701190. doi: 10.1002/adem.v20.8
6. [6]
  Palumbiny, C. M.; Liu, F.; Russell, T. P.; Hexemer, A.; Wang, C., Muller-Buschbaum, P., The crystallization of PEDOT:PSS polymeric electrodes probed in situ during printing. Adv. Mater. 2015, 27, 3391-3397. doi: 10.1002/adma.v27.22
7. [7]
  Fan, Q.; Su, W.; Wang, Y.; Guo, B.; Jiang, Y.; Guo, X.; Liu, F.; Russell, T. P.; Zhang, M.; Li, Y. Synergistic effect of fluorination on both donor and acceptor materials for high performance non-fullerene polymer solar cells with 13.5% efficiency. Sci. China Chem. 2018, 61, 531-537. doi: 10.1007/s11426-017-9199-1
8. [8]
  Islam, A.; Liu, Z. Y.; Peng, R. X.; Jiang, W. G.; Lei, T.; Li, W.; Zhang, L.; Yang, R. J.; Guan, Q.; Ge, Z. Furan-containing conjugated polymers for organic solar cells. Chinese J. Polym. Sci. 2016, 35, 171-183.
9. [9]
  Kan, B.; Feng, H.; Yao, H.; Chang, M.; Wan, X.; Li, C.; Hou, J.; Chen, Y. A chlorinated low-bandgap small-molecule acceptor for organic solar cells with 14.1% efficiency and low energy loss. Sci. China Chem. 2018, 61, 1307-1313. doi: 10.1007/s11426-018-9334-9
10. [10]
  Wu, K.; Zhang, T.; Zhan, L.; Zhong, C.; Gong, S.; Jiang, N.; Lu, Z. H.; Yang, C. Optimizing optoelectronic properties of pyrimidine-based TADF emitters by changing the substituent for organic light-emitting diodes with external quantum efficiency close to 25% and slow efficiency roll-off. Chemistry 2016, 22, 10860-10866. doi: 10.1002/chem.201601686
11. [11]
  Zhou, Y.; Cheun, H.; Choi, S.; Potscavage, W. J.; Fuentes-Hernandez, C.; Kippelen, B. Indium tin oxide-free and metal-free semitransparent organic solar cells. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2010, 97, 153304. doi: 10.1063/1.3499299
12. [12]
  Fehse, K.; Walzer, K.; Leo, K.; Lövenich, W.; Elschner, A. Highly conductive polymer anodes as replacements for inorganic materials in high-efficiency organic light-emitting diodes. Adv. Mater. 2007, 19, 441-444. doi: 10.1002/(ISSN)1521-4095
13. [13]
  Fan, X.; Wang, J.; Wang, H.; Liu, X.; Wang, H. Bendable ITO-free organic solar cells with highly conductive and flexible PEDOT:PSS electrodes on plastic substrates. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2015, 7, 16287-16295. doi: 10.1021/acsami.5b02830
14. [14]
  Döbbelin, M.; Marcilla, R.; Tollan, C.; Pomposo, J. A.; Sarasua, J.-R.; Mecerreyes, D. A new approach to hydrophobic and water-resistant poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) films using ionic liquids. J. Mater. Chem. 2008, 18, 5354-5358. doi: 10.1039/b808723g
15. [15]
  Shi, H.; Liu, C.; Jiang, Q.; Xu, J. Effective approaches to improve the electrical conductivity of PEDOT:PSS: A review. Adv. Electron. Mater. 2015, 1, 1500017. doi: 10.1002/aelm.201500017
16. [16]
  Song, W.; Fan, X.; Xu, B.; Yan, F.; Cui, H.; Wei, Q.; Peng, R.; Hong, L.; Huang, J.; Ge, Z. All-solution-processed metal-oxide-free flexible organic solar cells with over 10% efficiency. Adv. Mater. 2018, 30, e1800075. doi: 10.1002/adma.v30.26
17. [17]
  Sung, H.; Ahn, N.; Jang, M. S.; Lee, J. K.; Yoon, H.; Park, N. G.; Choi, M. Transparent conductive oxide-free graphene-based perovskite solar cells with over 17% efficiency. Adv. Energy Mater. 2016, 6, 1501873. doi: 10.1002/aenm.201501873
18. [18]
  Fu, X.; Xu, L.; Li, J.; Sun, X.; Peng, H. Flexible solar cells based on carbon nanomaterials. Carbon 2018, 139, 1063-1073. doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2018.08.017
19. [19]
  You, P.; Liu, Z.; Tai, Q.; Liu, S.; Yan, F. Efficient semitransparent perovskite solar cells with graphene electrodes. Adv. Mater. 2015, 27, 3632-3638. doi: 10.1002/adma.201501145
20. [20]
  Gupta, R.; Walia, S.; Hösel, M.; Jensen, J.; Angmo, D.; Krebs, F. C.; Kulkarni, G. U. Solution processed large area fabrication of Ag patterns as electrodes for flexible heaters, electrochromics and organic solar cells. J. Mater. Chem. A 2014, 2, 10930. doi: 10.1039/c4ta00301b
21. [21]
  Park, J. H.; Lee, D. Y.; Kim, Y. H.; Kim, J. K.; Lee, J. H.; Park, J. H.; Lee, T. W.; Cho, J. H. Flexible and transparent metallic grid electrodes prepared by evaporative assembly. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2014, 6, 12380-12387. doi: 10.1021/am502233y
22. [22]
  Li, Y.; Meng, L.; Yang, Y.; Xu, G.; Hong, Z.; Chen, Q.; You, J.; Li, G.; Yang, Y.; Li, Y. High-efficiency robust perovskite solar cells on ultrathin flexible substrates. Nat. Commun. 2016, 7, 10214. doi: 10.1038/ncomms10214
23. [23]
  Zhao, G.; Kim, S. M.; Lee, S.-G.; Bae, T. S.; Mun, C.; Lee, S.; Yu, H.; Lee, G. H.; Lee, H.-S.; Song, M.; Yun, J. Bendable solar cells from stable, flexible, and transparent conducting electrodes fabricated using a nitrogen-doped ultrathin copper film. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2016, 26, 4180-4191. doi: 10.1002/adfm.v26.23
24. [24]
  Yu, Z.; Zhang, Q.; Li, L.; Chen, Q.; Niu, X.; Liu, J.; Pei, Q. Highly flexible silver nanowire electrodes for shape-memory polymer light-emitting diodes. Adv. Mater. 2011, 23, 664-668. doi: 10.1002/adma.201003398
25. [25]
  Mantione, D.; del Agua, I.; Sanchez-Sanchez, A.; Mecerreyes, D. Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) derivatives: Innovative conductive polymers for bioelectronics. Polymers 2017, 9, (12), 354. doi: 10.3390/polym9080354
26. [26]
  Kim, Y. H.; Sachse, C.; Machala, M. L.; May, C.; Müller-Meskamp, L.; Leo, K. Highly conductive PEDOT:PSS electrode with optimized solvent and thermal post-treatment for ITO-free organic solar cells. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2011, 21, 1076-1081. doi: 10.1002/adfm.201002290
27. [27]
  Nagata, R.; Yanagi, Y.; Fujii, S.; Kataura, H.; Nishioka, Y. Highly conductive DMSO-treated PEDOT:PSS electrodes applied to flexible organic solar cells. IEICE T. Electron. 2015, 98, 411-421.
28. [28]
  Palumbiny, C. M.; Heller, C.; Schaffer, C. J.; Körstgens, V.; Santoro, G.; Roth, S. V.; Müller-Buschbaum, P. Molecular Reorientation and structural changes in cosolvent-treated highly conductive PEDOT:PSS electrodes for flexible indium tin oxide-free organic electronics. J. Phys. Chem. C 2014, 118, 13598-13606. doi: 10.1021/jp501540y
29. [29]
  Gan, L. M.; Chow, P. Y.; Liu, Z.; Han, M.; Quek, C. H. The zwitterion effect in proton exchange membranes as synthesised by polymerisation of bicontinuous microemulsions. Chem. Commun. 2005, 35, 4459-4461.
30. [30]
  Xia, Y.; Ouyang, J. Salt-induced charge screening and significant conductivity enhancement of conducting poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate). Macromolecules 2009, 42, 4141-4147. doi: 10.1021/ma900327d
31. [31]
  Tiyapiboonchaiya, C.; Pringle, J. M.; Sun, J.; Byrne, N.; Howlett, P. C.; MacFarlane, D. R.; Forsyth, M. The zwitterion effect in high-conductivity polyelectrolyte materials. Nat. Mater. 2003, 3, 29-32.
32. [32]
  Huiqin, C., Wei, S., Billy, F., Ruixiang, P., Jianfeng, Z., Jiaming, H., Ge, Z. Flexible ITO-free organic solar cells over 10% by employing drop-coated conductive PEDOT: PSS transparent anodes. Sci. China Chem. 2019, 62, 500-505.
33. [33]
  Wang, Y.; Song, R.; Li, Y.; Shen, J. Understanding tapping-mode atomic force microscopy data on the surface of soft block copolymers. Surf. Sci. 2003, 530, 136-148. doi: 10.1016/S0039-6028(03)00388-1
34. [34]
  Hecht, D. S.; Hu, L.; Irvin, G. Emerging transparent electrodes based on thin films of carbon nanotubes, graphene, and metallic nanostructures. Adv. Mater. 2011, 23, 1482-1513. doi: 10.1002/adma.201003188
35. [35]
  Sekine, N.; Chou, C.-H.; Kwan, W. L.; Yang, Y. ZnO nano-ridge structure and its application in inverted polymer solar cell. Org. Electron. 2009, 10, 1473-1477. doi: 10.1016/j.orgel.2009.08.011
36. [36]
  Zhao, B.; He, Z.; Cheng, X.; Qin, D.; Yun, M.; Wang, M.; Huang, X.; Wu, J.; Wu, H.; Cao, Y. Flexible polymer solar cells with power conversion efficiency of 8.7%. J. Mater. Chem. C 2014, 2, 5077-5082.
1. [1]
  Xinpin Pan , Yongjian Cui , Zhe Wang , Bowen Li , Hailong Wang , Jian Hao , Feng Li , Jing Li . Robust chemo-mechanical stability of additives-free SiO₂ anode realized by honeycomb nanolattice for high performance Li-ion batteries. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(10): 109567-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109567
2. [2]
  Ping Wang , Ting Wang , Ming Xu , Ze Gao , Hongyu Li , Bowen Li , Yuqi Wang , Chaoqun Qu , Ming Feng . Keplerate polyoxomolybdate nanoball mediated controllable preparation of metal-doped molybdenum disulfide for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution in acidic and alkaline media. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(7): 108930-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108930
3. [3]
  Fanjun Kong , Yixin Ge , Shi Tao , Zhengqiu Yuan , Chen Lu , Zhida Han , Lianghao Yu , Bin Qian . Engineering and understanding SnS_0.5Se_0.5@N/S/Se triple-doped carbon nanofibers for enhanced sodium-ion batteries. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(4): 108552-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108552
4. [4]
  Binhan Zhao , Zheng Li , Lan Zheng , Zhichao Ye , Yuyang Yuan , Shanshan Zhang , Bo Liang , Tianyu Li . Recent progress in the biomedical application of PEDOT:PSS hydrogels. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(10): 109810-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109810
5. [5]
  Jiayu Tang , Jichuan Pang , Shaohua Xiao , Xinhua Xu , Meifen Wu . Improvement for Measuring Transference Numbers of Ions by Moving-Boundary Method. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(5): 193-200. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202311021
6. [6]
  Ying Li , Yanjun Xu , Xingqi Han , Di Han , Xuesong Wu , Xinlong Wang , Zhongmin Su . A new metal–organic rotaxane framework for enhanced ion conductivity of solid-state electrolyte in lithium-metal batteries. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(9): 109189-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109189
7. [7]
  Qin Hu , Liuyun Chen , Xinling Xie , Zuzeng Qin , Hongbing Ji , Tongming Su . Ni掺杂构建电子桥及激活MoS₂惰性基面增强光催化分解水产氢. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(11): 2406024-. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202406024
8. [8]
  Li Jiang , Changzheng Chen , Yang Su , Hao Song , Yanmao Dong , Yan Yuan , Li Li . Electrochemical Synthesis of Polyaniline and Its Anticorrosive Application: Improvement and Innovative Design of the “Chemical Synthesis of Polyaniline” Experiment. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(3): 336-344. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202309002
9. [9]
  Kai Han , Guohui Dong , Ishaaq Saeed , Tingting Dong , Chenyang Xiao . Boosting bulk charge transport of CuWO4 photoanodes via Cs doping for solar water oxidation. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2024, 43(2): 100207-100207. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2023.100207
10. [10]
  Jiqing Liu , Qi Dang , Liting Wang , Dejin Wang , Liang Tang . Applications of flexible electrochemical electrodes in wastewater treatment: A review. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(8): 109277-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109277
11. [11]
  Jaeyong Ahn , Zhenping Li , Zhiwei Wang , Ke Gao , Huagui Zhuo , Wanuk Choi , Gang Chang , Xiaobo Shang , Joon Hak Oh . Surface doping effect on the optoelectronic performance of 2D organic crystals based on cyano-substituted perylene diimides. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(9): 109777-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109777
12. [12]
  Kangrong Yan , Ziqiu Shen , Yanchun Huang , Benfang Niu , Hongzheng Chen , Chang-Zhi Li . Curing the vulnerable heterointerface via organic-inorganic hybrid hole transporting bilayers for efficient inverted perovskite solar cells. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(6): 109516-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109516
13. [13]
  Shaonan Liu , Shuixing Dai , Minghua Huang . The impact of ester groups on 1,8-naphthalimide electron transport material in organic solar cells. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2024, 43(6): 100277-100277. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2023.100277
14. [14]
  Yikun Wang , Qiaomei Chen , Shijie Liang , Dongdong Xia , Chaowei Zhao , Christopher R. McNeill , Weiwei Li . Near-infrared double-cable conjugated polymers based on alkyl linkers with tunable length for single-component organic solar cells. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(4): 109164-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109164
15. [15]
  Chen Lu , Zefeng Yu , Jing Cao . Advancement in porphyrin/phthalocyanine compounds-based perovskite solar cells. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2024, 43(3): 100240-100240. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2024.100240
16. [16]
  Chi Li , Peng Gao . Is dipole the only thing that matters for inverted perovskite solar cells?. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2024, 43(6): 100324-100324. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2024.100324
17. [17]
  Qiangwei Wang , Huijiao Liu , Mengjie Wang , Haojie Zhang , Jianda Xie , Xuanwei Hu , Shiming Zhou , Weitai Wu . Observation of high ionic conductivity of polyelectrolyte microgels in salt-free solutions. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(4): 108743-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108743
18. [18]
  Qiang Fu , Shouhong Sun , Kangzhi Lu , Ning Li , Zhanhua Dong . Boron-doped carbon dots: Doping strategies, performance effects, and applications. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(7): 109136-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109136
19. [19]
  Yuqing Wang , Zhemin Li , Qingjun Lu , Qizhao Li , Jiaxin Luo , Chengjie Li , Yongshu Xie . Solar cells based on doubly concerted companion dyes with the efficiencies modulated by inserting an ethynyl group at different positions. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(5): 109093-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109093
20. [20]
  Bo Yang , Pu-An Lin , Tingwei Zhou , Xiaojia Zheng , Bing Cai , Wen-Hua Zhang . Facile surface regulation for highly efficient and thermally stable perovskite solar cells via chlormequat chloride. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(10): 109425-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109425

Get Citation

PDF

XML

Metrics

PDF Downloads(0)
Abstract views(676)
HTML views(6)

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142