Citation: Sobia Imtiaz, Muhammad Siddiq, Ayesha Kausar, Sedra Tul Muntha, Jaweria Ambreen, Iram Bibi. A Review Featuring Fabrication, Properties and Applications of Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) Reinforced Polymer and Epoxy Nanocomposites[J]. Chinese Journal of Polymer Science, ;2018, 36(4): 445-461. doi: 10.1007/s10118-018-2045-7 shu

A Review Featuring Fabrication, Properties and Applications of Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) Reinforced Polymer and Epoxy Nanocomposites

a.
Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
b.
Department of Physics, Comsats Institute of Information Technology, Chakshahzad 45550, Islamabad Pakistan
c.
Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan

Corresponding author: Muhammad Siddiq, m_sidiq12@yahoo.com
Received Date: 25 August 2017
Accepted Date: 16 September 2017
Available Online: 30 November 2017

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have long been recognized as the stiffest and strongest man-made material known to date. In addition, their high electrical conductivity has roused interest in the areas of electrical appliances and communication related applications. However, due to their miniature size, the excellent properties of these nanostructures can only be exploited if they are homogeneously embedded into light-weight matrices as those offered by a whole series of engineering polymers. In order to enhance their chemical affinity to engineering polymer matrices, chemical modification of the graphitic sidewalls and tips is necessary. The mechanical and electrical properties to date of a whole range of nanocomposites of various carbon nanotube contents are also reviewed in this attempt to facilitate progress in this emerging area. Recently, carbonaceous nano-fillers such as graphene and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) play a promising role due to their better structural and functional properties and broad range of applications in every field. Since CNTs usually form stabilized bundles due to van der Waals interactions, they are extremely difficult to disperse and align in a polymer matrix. The biggest issues in the preparation of CNTs reinforced composites reside in efficient dispersion of CNTs into a polymer matrix, the assessment of the dispersion, and the alignment and control of the CNTs in the matrix. An overview of various CNT functionalization methods is given. In particular, CNT functionalization using click chemistry and the preparation of CNT composites employing hyperbranched polymers are stressed as potential techniques to achieve good CNT dispersion. In addition, discussions on mechanical, thermal, electrical, electrochemical and applications of polymer/CNT composites are also included.
- Polymer nanocomposites,
- CNTs,
- Epoxy,
- Conducting polymers,
- RAMs
1. [1]
  Bauhofer W., Kovacs J. Z.. A review and analysis of electrical percolation in carbon nanotube polymer composites[J]. Compos. Sci. Technol., 2009,69(10):1486-1498. doi: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2008.06.018
2. [2]
  Pötschke P., Abdel-Goad M., Alig I., Dudkin S., Lellinger D.. Rheological and dielectrical characterization of melt mixed polycarbonate-multiwalled carbon nanotube composites[J]. Polymer, 2004,45(26):8863-8870. doi: 10.1016/j.polymer.2004.10.040
3. [3]
  Bibi S., Yasin T., Hassan S., Riaz M., Nawaz M.. Chitosan/CNTs green nanocomposite membrane:synthesis, swelling and polyaromatic hydrocarbons removal[J]. Mater. Sci. Eng., C, 2015,46:359-365. doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.10.057
4. [4]
  Mendoza N. M., Goyanes S., Chiliotte C., Bekeris V., Rubiolo G., Candal R.. Magnetic binary nanofillers[J]. Physica B, 2012,407(16):3203-3205. doi: 10.1016/j.physb.2011.12.065
5. [5]
  Tan Y., Zhang H., Liu H. H., Hou L. C., Jin Y. M., Zhang X. X.. 4-Aminobenzoic acid functionalized PAN-base carbon fibers in mild polyphosphoric acid/phosphorous pentoxide[J]. Adv. Mater. Res., 2011,332:219-222.
6. [6]
  Assali M., Leal M. P., Fernández I., Romero-Gomez P., Baati R., Khiar N.. Improved non-covalent biofunctionalization of multi-walled carbon nanotubes using carbohydrate amphiphiles with a butterfly-like polyaromatic tail[J]. Nano Res., 2010,3(11):764-778. doi: 10.1007/s12274-010-0044-2
7. [7]
  Kim M. T., Rhee K. Y., Park S. J., Hui D.. Effects of silane-modified carbon nanotubes on flexural and fracture behaviors of carbon nanotube-modified epoxy/basalt composites[J]. Compos. Part B-Eng., 2012,43(5):2298-2302. doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2011.12.007
8. [8]
  Fu J., Huang X., Huang Y., Zhang J., Tang X.. One-pot noncovalent method to functionalize multi-walled carbon nanotubes using cyclomatrix-type polyphosphazenes[J]. Chem. Commun., 2009,9:1049-1051.
9. [9]
  Liu L., Etika K. C., Liao K. S., Hess L. A., Bergbreiter D. E., Grunlan J. C.. Comparison of covalently and noncovalently functionalized carbon nanotubes in epoxy[J]. Macromol. Rapid Commun., 2009,30(8):627-632. doi: 10.1002/marc.v30:8
10. [10]
  Kingston C., Zepp R., Andrady A., Boverhof D., Fehir R., Hawkins D., Vejins V.. Release characteristics of selected carbon nanotube polymer composites[J]. Carbon, 2014,68:33-57. doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2013.11.042
11. [11]
  May, C. A., Tanaka, Y., "Epoxy Resin: Chemistry and Technology" Marcel Dekker, New York, 1973.
12. [12]
  Xie H., Liu B., Yuan Z., Shen J., Cheng R.. Cure kinetics of carbon nanotube/tetrafunctional epoxy nanocomposites by isothermal differential scanning calorimetry[J]. J. Polym. Sci., Part B:Polym. Phys., 2004,42(20):3701-3712. doi: 10.1002/(ISSN)1099-0488
13. [13]
  Jia W., Tchoudakov R., Joseph R., Narkis M., Siegmann A.. The conductivity behavior of multi-component epoxy, metal particle, carbon black, carbon fibril composites[J]. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2002,85(8):1706-1713. doi: 10.1002/(ISSN)1097-4628
14. [14]
  Spitalsky Z., Tasis D., Papagelis K., Galiotis C.. Carbon nanotube-polymer composites:chemistry, processing, mechanical and electrical properties[J]. Prog. Polym. Sci., 2010,35(3):357-401. doi: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2009.09.003
15. [15]
  Thakre P. R., Bisrat Y., Lagoudas D. C.. Electrical and mechanical properties of carbon nanotube-epoxy nanocomposites[J]. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2010,116(1):191-202. doi: 10.1002/app.v116:1
16. [16]
  Bhadra S., Khastgir D., Singha N. K., Lee J. H.. Progress in preparation, processing and applications of polyaniline[J]. Prog. Polym. Sci., 2009,34(8):783-810. doi: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2009.04.003
17. [17]
  Micheli D., Pastore R., Gradoni G., Primiani V. M., Moglie F., Marchetti M.. Reduction of satellite electromagnetic scattering by carbon nanostructured multilayers[J]. Acta Astronaut., 2013,88:61-73. doi: 10.1016/j.actaastro.2013.03.003
18. [18]
  Micheli D., Apollo C., Pastore R., Barbera D., Morles R. B., Marchetti M., Moglie F.. Optimization of multilayer shields made of composite nanostructured materials[J]. IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat., 2012,54(1):60-69. doi: 10.1109/TEMC.2011.2171688
19. [19]
  Micheli D., Pastore R., Apollo C., Marchetti M., Gradoni G., Primiani V. M., Moglie F.. Broadband electromagnetic absorbers using carbon nanostructure-based composites[J]. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Techn., 2011,59(10):2633-2646. doi: 10.1109/TMTT.2011.2160198
20. [20]
  Iijima S.. Helical microtubules of graphitic carbon[J]. Nature, 1991,354:56-58. doi: 10.1038/354056a0
21. [21]
  Abdalla M., Dean D., Theodore M., Fielding J., Nyairo E., Price G.. Magnetically processed carbon nanotube/epoxy nanocomposites:morphology, thermal, and mechanical properties[J]. Polymer, 2010,51(7):1614-1620. doi: 10.1016/j.polymer.2009.05.059
22. [22]
  Ma P. C., Siddiqui N. A., Marom G., Kim J. K.. Dispersion and functionalization of carbon nanotubes for polymer-based nanocomposites:a review[J]. Compos. Part A-Appl. S., 2010,41(10):1345-1367. doi: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2010.07.003
23. [23]
  Kroto H. W., Heath J. R., Obrien S. C., Curl R. F., Smalley R. E.. Long carbon chain molecules in circumstellar shells[J]. Astrophys. J., 1987,314:352-355. doi: 10.1086/165065
24. [24]
  Iijima S., Ichihashi T.. Single-shell carbon nanotubes of 1-nm diameter[J]. Nature, 1993,363:603-606. doi: 10.1038/363603a0
25. [25]
  Bethune D. S., Klang C. H., De Vries M. S., Gorman G., Savoy R., Vazquez J., Beyers R.. Cobalt-catalysed growth of carbon nanotubes with single-atomic-layer walls[J]. Nature, 1993,363:605-607. doi: 10.1038/363605a0
26. [26]
  Chou, T. W., "Microstructural design of fiber composites" Cambridge University Press, 2005.
27. [27]
  Collins P. G., Avouris P.. Nanotubes for Electronics[J]. Sci. Am., 2000,283(6):62-69. doi: 10.1038/scientificamerican1200-62
28. [28]
  Fan S., Chapline M. G., Franklin N. R., Tombler T. W., Cassell A. M., Dai H.. Self-oriented regular arrays of carbon nanotubes and their field emission properties[J]. Science, 1999,283(5401):512-514. doi: 10.1126/science.283.5401.512
29. [29]
  Wong S. S., Joselevich E., Woolley A. T., Cheung C. L., Lieber C. M.. Covalently functionalized nanotubes as nanometre-sized probes in chemistry and biology[J]. Nature, 1998,394(6688):52-55. doi: 10.1038/27873
30. [30]
  Rueckes T., Kim K., Joselevich E., Tseng G. Y., Cheung C. L., Lieber C. M.. Carbon nanotube-based nonvolatile random access memory for molecular computing[J]. Science, 2000,289(5476):94-97. doi: 10.1126/science.289.5476.94
31. [31]
  Journet C., Maser W. K., Bernier P., Loiseau A., de la Chapelle M. L., Lefrant D. L. S., Fischer J. E.. Large-scale production of single-walled carbon nanotubes by the electric-arc technique[J]. Nature, 1997,388(6644):756-758. doi: 10.1038/41972
32. [32]
  Rinzler A. G., Liu J., Dai H., Nikolaev P., Huffman C. B., Rodriguez-Macias F. J., Lee R. S.. Large-scale purification of single-wall carbon nanotubes:process, product, and characterization[J]. Appl. Phys. A, 1998,67(1):29-37.
33. [33]
  Nikolaev P., Bronikowski M. J., Bradley R. K., Rohmund F., Colbert D. T., Smith K. A., Smalley R. E.. Gas-phase catalytic growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes from carbon monoxide[J]. Chem. Phys. Lett., 1999,313(1):91-97.
34. [34]
  Ren Z. F., Huang Z. P., Wang D. Z., Wen J. G., Xu J. W., Wang J. H., Reed M. A.. Growth of a single freestanding multiwall carbon nanotube on each nanonickel dot[J]. Appl. Phys. Lett., 1999,75(8):1086-1088. doi: 10.1063/1.124605
35. [35]
  Ren Z. F., Huang Z. P., Xu J. W., Wang J. H., Bush P., Siegal M. P., Provencio P. N.. Synthesis of large arrays of well-aligned carbon nanotubes on glass[J]. Science, 1998,282(5391):1105-1107. doi: 10.1126/science.282.5391.1105
36. [36]
  Huang Z. P., Xu J. W., Ren Z. F., Wang J. H., Siegal M. P., Provencio P. N.. Growth of highly oriented carbon nanotubes by plasma-enhanced hot filament chemical vapor deposition[J]. Appl. Phys. Lett., 1998,73(26):3845-3847. doi: 10.1063/1.122912
37. [37]
  Ambrogi V., Gentile G., Ducati C., Oliva M. C., Carfagna C.. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes functionalized with maleated poly (propylene) by a dry mechano-chemical process[J]. Polymer, 2012,53(2):291-299. doi: 10.1016/j.polymer.2011.11.048
38. [38]
  Ebbesen T. W., Ajayan P. M.. Large-scale synthesis of carbon nanotubes[J]. Nature, 1992,358(6383):220-222. doi: 10.1038/358220a0
39. [39]
  Zhang Y., Iijima S.. Formation of single-wall carbon nanotubes by laser ablation of fullerenes at low temperature[J]. Appl. Phys. Lett., 1999,75(20):3087-3089. doi: 10.1063/1.125239
40. [40]
  Zhang X. X., Li Z. Q., Wen G. H., Fung K. K., Chen J., Li Y.. Microstructure and growth of bamboo-shaped carbon nanotubes[J]. Chem. Phys. Lett., 2001,333(6):509-514. doi: 10.1016/S0009-2614(00)01431-7
41. [41]
  Bower C., Zhu W., Jin S., Zhou O.. Plasma-induced alignment of carbon nanotubes[J]. Appl. Phys. Lett., 2000,77(6):830-832. doi: 10.1063/1.1306658
42. [42]
  Han Z., Fina A.. Thermal conductivity of carbon nanotubes and their polymer nanocomposites:a review[J]. Prog. Polym. Sci., 2011,36(7):914-944. doi: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2010.11.004
43. [43]
  Costa P., Silva J., Ansón-Casaos A., Martinez M. T., Abad M. J., Viana J., Lanceros-Mendez S.. Effect of carbon nanotube type and functionalization on the electrical, thermal, mechanical and electromechanical properties of carbon nanotube/styrene-butadiene-styrene composites for large strain sensor applications[J]. Compos. Part B-Eng., 2014,61:136-146. doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2014.01.048
44. [44]
  Karousis N., Tagmatarchis N., Tasis D.. Current progress on the chemical modification of carbon nanotubes[J]. Chem. Rev., 2010,110(9):5366-5397. doi: 10.1021/cr100018g
45. [45]
  Yu R., Chen L., Liu Q., Lin J., Tan K. L., Ng S. C., Hor T. A.. Platinum deposition on carbon nanotubes via chemical modification[J]. Chem. Mater., 1998,10(3):718-722. doi: 10.1021/cm970364z
46. [46]
  Ajayan P. M., Stephan O., Colliex C., Trauth D.. Aligned carbon nanotube arrays formed by cutting a polymer resin-nanotube composite[J]. Science, 1994,265(5176):1212-1212. doi: 10.1126/science.265.5176.1212
47. [47]
  Safadi B., Andrews R., Grulke E. A.. Multiwalled carbon nanotube polymer composites:synthesis and characterization of thin films[J]. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2002,84(14):2660-2669. doi: 10.1002/(ISSN)1097-4628
48. [48]
  Thostenson E. T., Chou T. W.. Aligned multi-walled carbon nanotube-reinforced composites:processing and mechanical characterization[J]. J. Phys. D Appl. Phys., 2002,35(16):L77-L80. doi: 10.1088/0022-3727/35/16/103
49. [49]
  Xia H., Wang Q., Li K., Hu G. H.. Preparation of polypropylene/carbon nanotube composite powder with a solid-state mechanochemical pulverization process[J]. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2004,93(1):378-386. doi: 10.1002/(ISSN)1097-4628
50. [50]
  Dondero W. E., Gorga R. E.. Morphological and mechanical properties of carbon nanotube/polymer composites via melt compounding[J]. J. Polym. Sci., Part B:Polym. Phys., 2006,44(5):864-878. doi: 10.1002/(ISSN)1099-0488
51. [51]
  Velasco-Santos C., Martínez-Hernández A. L., Fisher F. T., Ruoff R., Castaño V. M.. Improvement of thermal and mechanical properties of carbon nanotube composites through chemical functionalization[J]. Chem. Mater., 2003,15(23):4470-4475. doi: 10.1021/cm034243c
52. [52]
  Blond D., Barron V., Ruether M., Ryan K. P., Nicolosi V., Blau W. J., Coleman J. N.. Enhancement of modulus, strength, and toughness in poly(methyl methacrylate) based composites by the incorporation of poly(methyl methacrylate)-functionalized nanotubes[J]. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2006,16(12):1608-1614. doi: 10.1002/(ISSN)1616-3028
53. [53]
  Weisenberger M. C., Grulke E. A., Jacques D., Rantell A. T., Andrewsa R.. Enhanced mechanical properties of polyacrylonitrile/multiwall carbon nanotube composite fibers[J]. J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol., 2003,3(6):535-539. doi: 10.1166/jnn.2003.239
54. [54]
  Hou H., Ge J. J., Zeng J., Li Q., Reneker D. H., Greiner A., Cheng S. Z.. Electrospun polyacrylonitrile nanofibers containing a high concentration of well-aligned multiwall carbon nanotubes[J]. Chem. Mater., 2005,17(5):967-973. doi: 10.1021/cm0484955
55. [55]
  Yang J., Hu J., Wang C., Qin Y., Guo Z.. Fabrication and characterization of soluble multi-walled carbon nanotubes reinforced P(MMA-co-EMA) composites[J]. Macromol. Mater. Eng., 2004,289(9):828-832. doi: 10.1002/(ISSN)1439-2054
56. [56]
  Sandler J. K. W., Pegel S., Cadek M., Gojny F., Van Es M., Lohmar J., Shaffer M. S. P.. A comparative study of melt spun polyamide-12 fibers reinforced with carbon nanotubes and nanofibers[J]. Polymer, 2004,45(6):2001-2015. doi: 10.1016/j.polymer.2004.01.023
57. [57]
  Bhattacharyya A. R., Pötschke P., Abdel-Goad M., Fischer D.. Effect of encapsulated SWNT on the mechanical properties of melt mixed PA12/SWNT composites[J]. Chem. Phys. Lett., 2004,392(1):28-33.
58. [58]
  Tai N. H., Yeh M. K., Liu J. H.. Enhancement of the mechanical properties of carbon nanotube/phenolic composites using a carbon nanotube network as the reinforcement[J]. Carbon, 2004,42(12):2774-2777.
59. [59]
  Loos M. R., Yang J., Feke D. L., Manas-Zloczower I., Unal S., Younes U.. Enhancement of fatigue life of polyurethane composites containing carbon nanotubes[J]. Compos. Part B-Eng., 2013,44(1):740-744. doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2012.01.038
60. [60]
  Bortz D. R., Merino C., Martin-Gullon I.. Carbon nanofibers enhance the fracture toughness and fatigue performance of a structural epoxy system[J]. Compos. Sci. Technol., 2011,71(1):31-38. doi: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2010.09.015
61. [61]
  Wang, C. F. ; Chang, F. C. ; Kuo, S. W. "Handbook of Polybenzoxazine" ed., Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2011, p 579.
62. [62]
  Yang C. C., Lin Y. C., Wang P. I., Liaw D. J., Kuo S. W.. Polybenzoxazine/single-walled carbon nanotube nanocomposites stabilized through noncovalent bonding interactions[J]. Polymer, 2014,55(8):2044-2050. doi: 10.1016/j.polymer.2014.02.061
63. [63]
  Chapartegui M., Barcena J., Irastorza X., Elizetxea C., Fernandez M., Santamaria A.. Analysis of the conditions to manufacture a MWCNT buckypaper/benzoxazine nanocomposite[J]. Compos. Sci. Technol., 2012,72(4):489-497. doi: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2011.12.001
64. [64]
  Chen Q., Xu R., Yu D.. Multiwalled carbon nanotube/polybenzoxazine nanocomposites:preparation, characterization and properties[J]. Polymer, 2006,47(22):7711-7719. doi: 10.1016/j.polymer.2006.08.058
65. [65]
  Huang J. M., Tsai M. F., Yang S. J., Chiu W. M.. Preparation and thermal properties of multiwalled carbon nanotube/polybenzoxazine nanocomposites[J]. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2011,122(3):1898-1904. doi: 10.1002/app.34290
66. [66]
  Chang C. M., Liu Y. L.. Electrical conductivity enhancement of polymer/multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) composites by thermally-induced defunctionalization of MWCNTs[J]. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2011,3(7):2204-2208. doi: 10.1021/am200558f
67. [67]
  Dumas L., Bonnaud L., Olivier M., Poorteman M., Dubois P.. Facile preparation of a novel high performance benzoxazine-CNT based nano-hybrid network exhibiting outstanding thermo-mechanical properties[J]. Chem. Commun., 2013,49(83):9543-9545. doi: 10.1039/c3cc45179h
68. [68]
  Al-Saleh M. H., Al-Saidi B. A., Al-Zoubi R. M.. Experimental and theoretical analysis of the mechanical and thermal properties of carbon nanotube/acrylonitrile-styrene-butadiene nanocom-posites[J]. Polymer, 2016,89:12-17. doi: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.01.053
69. [69]
  Al-Saleh M. H., Sundararaj U.. Microstructure, electrical, and electromagnetic interference shielding properties of carbon nanotube/acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene nanocomposites[J]. J. Polym. Sci., Part B:Polym. Phys., 2012,50(19):1356-1362. doi: 10.1002/polb.v50.19
70. [70]
  Al-Saleh M. H., Sundararaj U.. Morphological, electrical and electromagnetic interference shielding characterization of vapor grown carbon nanofiber/polystyrene nanocomposites[J]. Polym. Int., 2013,62(4):601-607. doi: 10.1002/pi.2013.62.issue-4
71. [71]
  Kurahatti R. V., Surendranathan A. O., Kori S. A., Singh N., Kumar A. R., Srivastava S.. Defence applications of polymer nanocomposites[J]. Def. Sci. J., 2010,60(5):551-563. doi: 10.14429/dsj
72. [72]
  de Volder M. F., Tawfick S. H., Baughman R. H., Hart A. J.. Carbon nanotubes:present and future commercial applications[J]. Science, 2013,339(6119):535-539. doi: 10.1126/science.1222453
73. [73]
  Margolis, J. Ed. "Conductive polymers and plastics", Springer Science & Business Media, London, 2012.
74. [74]
  Peng C., Zhang S., Jewell D., Chen G. Z.. Carbon nanotube and conducting polymer composites for supercapacitors[J]. Prog. Nat. Sci., 2008,18(7):777-788. doi: 10.1016/j.pnsc.2008.03.002
75. [75]
  Ayad M. M., Salahuddin N., Shenashin M. A.. The optimum HCl concentration for the in situ polyaniline film formation[J]. Synth. Met., 2004,142(1):101-106.
76. [76]
  Liu H., Hu X. B., Wang J. Y., Boughton R.I.. Structure, conductivity, and thermopower of crystalline polyaniline synthesized by the ultrasonic irradiation polymerization method[J]. Macromolecules, 2002,35(25):9414-9419. doi: 10.1021/ma0119326
77. [77]
  Li W., Chen J., Zhao J., Zhang J., Zhu J.. Application of ultrasonic irradiation in preparing conducting polymer as active materials for supercapacitor[J]. Mater. Lett., 2005,59(7):800-803. doi: 10.1016/j.matlet.2004.11.024
78. [78]
  Swathy T. S., Jose M. A., Antony M. J.. AOT assisted preparation of ordered, conducting and dispersible core-shell nanostructured polythiophene-MWCNT nanocomposites[J]. Polymer, 2016,103:206-213. doi: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.09.047
79. [79]
  Konyushenko E. N., Stejskal J., Trchová M., Hradil J., Kovářová J., Prokeš J., Sapurina I.. Multi-wall carbon nanotubes coated with polyaniline[J]. Polymer, 2006,47(16):5715-5723. doi: 10.1016/j.polymer.2006.05.059
80. [80]
  Heimann M., Wirts-Ruetters M., Boehme B., Wolter K. J.. Investigations of carbon nanotubes epoxy composites for electronics packaging[J]. IEEE 58th Electronic Components and Technology Conference., 2008:1731-1736.
81. [81]
  Mahapatra S. S., Yadav S. K., Yoo H. J., Cho J. W., Park J. S.. Highly branched polyurethane:synthesis, characterization and effects of branching on dispersion of carbon nanotubes[J]. Compos. Part B-Eng., 2013,45(1):165-171. doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2012.05.039
82. [82]
  Yang Z., McElrath K., Bahr J., D'Souza N. A.. Effect of matrix glass transition on reinforcement efficiency of epoxy-matrix composites with single walled carbon nanotubes, multi-walled carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers and graphite[J]. Compos. Part B-Eng., 2012,43(4):2079-2086. doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2012.01.049
83. [83]
  Kim M. T., Rhee K. Y., Lee J. H., Hui D., Lau A. K.. Property enhancement of a carbon fiber/epoxy composite by using carbon nanotubes[J]. Compos. Part B-Eng., 2011,42(5):1257-1261. doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2011.02.005
84. [84]
  Halder S., Ghosh P. K., Goyat M. S., Ray S.. Ultrasonic dual mode mixing and its effect on tensile properties of SiO₂-epoxy nanocomposite[J]. J. Adhes. Sci. Technol., 2013,27(2):111-124. doi: 10.1080/01694243.2012.701510
85. [85]
  Ghosh P. K., Pathak A., Goyat M. S., Halder S.. Influence of nanoparticle weight fraction on morphology and thermal properties of epoxy/Ti₂ nanocomposite[J]. J. Reinf. Plast. Compos., 2012,31(17):1180-1188. doi: 10.1177/0731684412455955
86. [86]
  Halder S., Ghosh P. K., Goyat M. S.. Influence of ultrasonic dual mode mixing on morphology and mechanical properties of Zr₂-epoxy nanocomposite[J]. High Perform. Polym., 2012,24(4):331-341. doi: 10.1177/0954008312440714
87. [87]
  Chrissafis K., Bikiaris D.. Can nanoparticles really enhance thermal stability of polymers? Part Ⅰ:an overview on thermal decomposition of addition polymers[J]. Thermochim. Acta, 2011,523(1):1-24.
88. [88]
  Starkova O., Buschhorn S. T., Mannov E., Schulte K., Aniskevich A.. Creep and recovery of epoxy/MWCNT nanocomposites[J]. Compos. Part A-Appl. S., 2012,43(8):1212-1218. doi: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2012.03.015
89. [89]
  Damian C. M., Garea S. A., Vasile E., Iovu H.. Covalent and non-covalent functionalized MWCNTs for improved thermo-mechanical properties of epoxy composites[J]. Compos. Part B-Eng., 2012,43(8):3507-3515. doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2011.11.052
90. [90]
  Sahoo N. G., Cheng H. K. F., Li L., Chan S. H., Judeh Z., Zhao J.. Specific functionalization of carbon nanotubes for advanced polymer nanocomposites[J]. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2009,19(24):3962-3971. doi: 10.1002/(ISSN)1616-3028
91. [91]
  Ma P. C., Zheng Q. B., Mäder E., Kim J. K.. Behavior of load transfer in functionalized carbon nanotube/epoxy nanocomposites[J]. Polymer, 2012,53(26):6081-6088. doi: 10.1016/j.polymer.2012.10.053
92. [92]
  Hwang G. L., Shieh Y. T., Hwang K. C.. Efficient load transfer to polymer-grafted multiwalled carbon nanotubes in polymer composites[J]. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2004,14(5):487-491. doi: 10.1002/(ISSN)1616-3028
93. [93]
  Rathore D. K., Prusty R. K., Ray B.C.. Mechanical, thermomechanical, and creep performance of CNT embedded epoxy at elevated temperatures:an emphasis on the role of carboxyl functionalization[J]. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2017. doi: 10.1002/app.44851
94. [94]
  Garg M., Sharma S., Mehta R.. Pristine and amino functionalized carbon nanotubes reinforced glass fiber epoxy composites[J]. Compos. Part A-Appl. S., 2015,76:92-101. doi: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2015.05.012
95. [95]
  Luan J., Zhang A., Zheng Y., Sun L.. Effect of pyrene-modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes on the properties of epoxy composites[J]. Compos. Part A-Appl. S., 2012,43(7):1032-1037. doi: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2012.02.005
96. [96]
  Theodore M., Hosur M., Thomas J., Jeelani S.. Influence of functionalization on properties of MWCNT-epoxy nanocomposites[J]. Mater. Sci. Eng., A., 2011,528(3):1192-1200. doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2010.09.095
97. [97]
  Tseng C. H., Wang C. C., Chen C. Y.. Functionalizing carbon nanotubes by plasma modification for the preparation of covalent-integrated epoxy composites[J]. Chem. Mater., 2007,19(2):308-315. doi: 10.1021/cm062277p
98. [98]
  Starkova O., Buschhorn S. T., Mannov E., Schulte K., Aniskevich A.. Water transport in epoxy/MWCNT composites[J]. Eur. Polym. J., 2013,49(8):2138-2148. doi: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2013.05.010
99. [99]
  Prolongo S. G., Gude M. R., Urena A.. Water uptake of epoxy composites reinforced with carbon nanofillers[J]. Compos. Part A-Appl. S., 2012,43(12):2169-2175. doi: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2012.07.014
100. [100]
  Starkova O., Chandrasekaran S., Prado L. A. S. A., Tölle F., Mülhaupt R., Schulte K.. Hydrothermally resistant thermally reduced graphene oxide and multi-wall carbon nanotube based epoxy nanocomposites[J]. Polym. Degrad. Stab., 2013,98(2):519-526. doi: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2012.12.005
101. [101]
  Sudha J. D., Sivakala S., Prasanth R., Reena V. L., Nair P. R.. Development of electromagnetic shielding materials from the conductive blends of polyaniline and polyaniline-clay nanocomposite-EVA:Preparation and properties[J]. Compos. Sci. Technol., 2009,69(3):358-364.
102. [102]
  Krakovský I., Pleštil J., Almásy L.. Structure and swelling behaviour of hydrophilic epoxy networks investigated by SANS[J]. Polymer, 2006,47(1):218-226. doi: 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.11.021
103. [103]
  Krakovský I., Varga M., Ferrer G. G., Serra R. S. I., Salmerón-Sánchez M.. Structure and properties of epoxy/polyaniline nanocomposites[J]. J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 2012,358(2):414-419. doi: 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2011.10.012
104. [104]
  Deng H., Cao Q., Wang X., Chen Q., Kuang H., Wang X.. Studies on preparation and properties of the multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs)/epoxy nanocomposites[J]. Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct., 2011,528(18):5759-5763. doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2011.04.010
105. [105]
  Deng L., Han M.. Microwave absorbing performances of multiwalled carbon nanotube composites with negative permeability[J]. Appl. Phys. Lett., 2007,91(2)023119. doi: 10.1063/1.2755875
106. [106]
  Lin H., Zhu H., Guo L. Y.. Materials processing by simple shear[J]. Mater. Lett., 2007,61(2):3547-3550.
107. [107]
  Silva V. A., Folgueras L. D. C., Cândido G. M., Paula A. L. D., Rezende M. C., Costa M. L.. Nanostructured composites based on carbon nanotubes and epoxy resin for use as radar absorbing materials[J]. Mater. Res., 2013,16(6):1299-1308. doi: 10.1590/S1516-14392013005000146
108. [108]
  Kim Y. J., Kim S. S.. Microwave absorbing properties of co-substituted Ni 2 W hexaferrites in Ka-band frequencies (26.5-40 GHz)[J]. IEEE Trans. Magn., 2002,38(5):3108-3110. doi: 10.1109/TMAG.2002.802483
109. [109]
  Petrov V. M., Gagulin V. V.. Microwave absorbing materials[J]. Inorg. Mater., 2001,37(2):93-98. doi: 10.1023/A:1004171120638
110. [110]
  Folgueras, L. D. C. ; Alves, M. A. ; Rezende, M. C. Electromagnetic radiation absorbing paints based on carbonyl iron and polyaniline. 2009 SBMO/IEEE MTT-S International Microwave And Optoelectronics Conference. 2009, 510-513.
111. [111]
  Yusoff A. N., Abdullah M. H.. Microwave electromagnetic and absorption properties of some LiZn ferrites[J]. J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 2004,269(2):271-280. doi: 10.1016/S0304-8853(03)00617-6
112. [112]
  Sen R., Zhao B., Perea D., Itkis M. E., Hu H., Love J., Haddon R. C.. Preparation of single-walled carbon nanotube reinforced polystyrene and polyurethane nanofibers and membranes by electrospinning[J]. Nano Lett., 2004,4(3):459-464. doi: 10.1021/nl035135s
113. [113]
  Chung D. D. L.. Electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness of carbon materials[J]. Carbon, 2001,39(2):279-285. doi: 10.1016/S0008-6223(00)00184-6
114. [114]
  Joo J., Lee C. Y.. High frequency electromagnetic interference shielding response of mixtures and multilayer films based on conducting polymers[J]. J. Appl. Phys., 2000,88(1):513-518. doi: 10.1063/1.373688
115. [115]
  Hu J., Jia F., Song Y. F.. Engineering high-performance polyoxometalate/PANI/MWNTs nanocomposite anode materials for lithium ion batteries[J]. Chem. Eng. J., 2017,326:273-280. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2017.05.153
116. [116]
  Xue L., Wang W., Guo Y., Liu G., Wan P.. Flexible polyaniline/carbon nanotube nanocomposite film-based electronic gas sensors[J]. Sensor. Actuat. B-Chem., 2017,244:47-53. doi: 10.1016/j.snb.2016.12.064
117. [117]
  Kumar A., Ghosh P. K., Yadav K. L., Kumar K.. Thermo-mechanical and anti-corrosive properties of MWCNT/epoxy nanocomposite fabricated by innovative dispersion technique[J]. Compos. Part B-Eng., 2017,113:291-299. doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2017.01.046
118. [118]
  Vertuccio L., Guadagno L., Spinelli G., Lamberti P., Tucci V., Russo S.. Piezoresistive properties of resin reinforced with carbon nanotubes for health-monitoring of aircraft primary structures[J]. Compos. Part B-Eng., 2016,107:192-202. doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2016.09.061
119. [119]
  Saadattalab V., Shakeri A., Gholami H.. Effect of CNTs and nano ZnO on physical and mechanical properties of polyaniline composites applicable in energy devices[J]. Prog. Nat. Sci., 2016,26(6):517-522. doi: 10.1016/j.pnsc.2016.09.005
120. [120]
  Zhang B., Shi R., Zhang Y., Pan C.. CNTs/TiO₂ composites and its electrochemical properties after UV light irradiation[J]. Prog. Nat. Sci., 2013,23(2):164-169. doi: 10.1016/j.pnsc.2013.03.002
121. [121]
  Olad A., Barati M., Behboudi S.. Preparation of PANI/epoxy/Zn nanocomposite using Zn nanoparticles and epoxy resin as additives and investigation of its corrosion protection behavior on iron[J]. Prog. Org. Coat., 2012,74(1):221-227. doi: 10.1016/j.porgcoat.2011.12.012
122. [122]
  Diamanti K., Soutis C.. Structural health monitoring techniques for aircraft composite structures[J]. Prog. Aerosp. Sci., 2010,46(8):342-352. doi: 10.1016/j.paerosci.2010.05.001
123. [123]
  Gohardani O., Elola M. C., Elizetxea C.. Potential and prospective implementation of carbon nanotubes on next generation aircraft and space vehicles:a review of current and expected applications in aerospace sciences[J]. Prog. Aerosp. Sci., 2014,70:42-68. doi: 10.1016/j.paerosci.2014.05.002
124. [124]
  Gohardani A. S., Doulgeris G., Singh R.. Challenges of future aircraft propulsion:a review of distributed propulsion technology and its potential application for the electric commercial aircraft[J]. Prog. Aerosp. Sci., 2011,47(5):369-391. doi: 10.1016/j.paerosci.2010.09.001
1. [1]
  Hui Gu , Mingyue Gao , Kuan Shen , Tianli Zhang , Junhao Zhang , Xiangjun Zheng , Xingmei Guo , Yuanjun Liu , Fu Cao , Hongxing Gu , Qinghong Kong , Shenglin Xiong . F127 assisted fabrication of Ge/rGO/CNTs nanocomposites with three-dimensional network structure for efficient lithium storage. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(9): 109273-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109273
2. [2]
  Zhaoru Chen , Xiaoxu Liu , Haonan Chen , Jialong Li , Xiaofeng Wang , Jianfeng Zhu . Application of epoxy resin in cultural relics protection. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(4): 109194-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109194
3. [3]
  Junchen Peng , Xue Yin , Dandan Dong , Zhongyuan Guo , Qinqin Wang , Minmin Liu , Fei He , Bin Dai , Chaofeng Huang . Promotion effect of epoxy group neighboring single-atom Cu site on acetylene hydrochlorination. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(6): 109508-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109508
4. [4]
  Dongmei Yao , Junsheng Zheng , Liming Jin , Xiaomin Meng , Zize Zhan , Runlin Fan , Cong Feng , Pingwen Ming . Effect of surface oxidation on the interfacial and mechanical properties in graphite/epoxy composites composite bipolar plates. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(11): 109382-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109382
5. [5]
  Yi Zhou , Yanzhen Liu , Yani Yan , Zonglin Yi , Yongfeng Li , Cheng-Meng Chen . Enhanced oxygen reduction reaction on La-Fe bimetal in porous N-doped carbon dodecahedra with CNTs wrapping. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(1): 109569-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109569
6. [6]
  Benjian Xin , Rui Wang , Lili Liu , Zhiqiang Niu . Metal-organic framework derived MnO@C/CNTs composite for high-rate lithium-based semi-solid flow batteries. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2023, 42(11): 100116-100116. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2023.100116
7. [7]
  Yixin Lu , Minghan Qin , Shixian Zhang , Zhen Liu , Wang Sun , Zhenhua Wang , Jinshuo Qiao , Kening Sun . Triple-conducting heterostructure anodes for electrochemical ethane nonoxidative dehydrogenation by protonic ceramic electrolysis cells. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(4): 110567-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110567
8. [8]
  Zixu Xie , Pengfei Zhang , Ziyao Zhang , Chen Chen , Xing Wang . The choice of antimicrobial polymers: Hydrophilic or hydrophobic?. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(9): 109768-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109768
9. [9]
  Hanying Li , Wee-Liat Ong . “Super-heterojunctioned” thermoelectric polymers. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(2): 110523-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110523
10. [10]
  Jie Zhou , Chuanxiang Zhang , Changchun Hu , Shuo Li , Yuan Liu , Zhu Chen , Song Li , Hui Chen , Rokayya Sami , Yan Deng . Electrochemical aptasensor based on black phosphorus-porous graphene nanocomposites for high-performance detection of Hg²⁺. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(11): 109561-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109561
11. [11]
  Wenhao Feng , Chunli Liu , Zheng Liu , Huan Pang . In-situ growth of N-doped graphene-like carbon/MOF nanocomposites for high-performance supercapacitor. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(12): 109552-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109552
12. [12]
  Jian Wang , Baohui Wang , Pin Ma , Yifei Zhang , Honghong Gong , Biyun Peng , Sen Liang , Yunchuan Xie , Hailong Wang . Regulation of uniformity and electric field distribution achieved highly energy storage performance in PVDF-based nanocomposites via continuous gradient structure. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(4): 109714-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109714
13. [13]
  Xiaoman Dang , Zhiying Wu , Tangxin Xiao , Zhouyu Wang , Leyong Wang . Highly robust supramolecular polymer networks crosslinked by metallacycles. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(12): 110208-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110208
14. [14]
  Yaohua Li , Qi Cao , Xuanhua Li . Tailoring the configuration of polymer passivators in perovskite solar cells. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2025, 44(2): 100413-100413. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2024.100413
15. [15]
  Peng Meng , Qian-Cheng Luo , Aidan Brock , Xiaodong Wang , Mahboobeh Shahbazi , Aaron Micallef , John McMurtrie , Dongchen Qi , Yan-Zhen Zheng , Jingsan Xu . Molar ratio induced crystal transformation from coordination complex to coordination polymers. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(4): 108542-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108542
16. [16]
  Pengcheng Su , Shizheng Chen , Zhihong Yang , Ningning Zhong , Chenzi Jiang , Wanbin Li . Vapor-phase postsynthetic amination of hypercrosslinked polymers for efficient iodine capture. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(9): 109357-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109357
17. [17]
  Zhenzhong MEI , Hongyu WANG , Xiuqi KANG , Yongliang SHAO , Jinzhong GU . Syntheses and catalytic performances of three coordination polymers with tetracarboxylate ligands. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(9): 1795-1802. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240081
18. [18]
  Xiumei LI , Yanju HUANG , Bo LIU , Yaru PAN . Syntheses, crystal structures, and quantum chemistry calculation of two Ni(Ⅱ) coordination polymers. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(10): 2031-2039. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240109
19. [19]
  Wei-Jia Wang , Kaihong Chen . Molecular-based porous polymers with precise sites for photoreduction of carbon dioxide. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(1): 109998-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109998
20. [20]
  Xiumei LI , Linlin LI , Bo LIU , Yaru PAN . Syntheses, crystal structures, and characterizations of two cadmium(Ⅱ) coordination polymers. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2025, 41(3): 613-623. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240273

Get Citation

PDF

XML

Metrics

PDF Downloads(0)
Abstract views(1170)
HTML views(45)

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142