The selective hydrogenation of α, β-unsaturated aldehydes/ketones enables precise control over product structures and properties by regulating hydrogen transport pathways and bond cleavage sequences to selectively reduce C=C or C=O bonds while preserving other functional groups within the molecule. This approach serves as a critical strategy for the directional synthesis of high-value molecules. However, achieving such selectivity remains challenging due to the thermodynamic equilibrium and kinetic competition between C=O and C=C bonds in α, β-unsaturated systems. Consequently, constructing precisely targeted catalytic systems is essential to overcome these limitations, offering both fundamental scientific significance and industrial application potential. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and their derivatives have emerged as innovative platforms for designing such systems, owing to their programmable topology, tunable pore microenvironments, spatially controllable active sites, and modifiable electronic structures. This review systematically summarizes the research progress of MOF-based catalysts for selective hydrogenation of α, β-unsaturated aldehydes/ketones in the last decade, with emphasis on the design strategy, conformational relationship, and catalytic mechanism, aiming to provide new ideas for the design of targeted catalytic systems for the selective hydrogenation of α, β-unsaturated aldehydes/ketones.

金属卤化物钙钛矿材料在光电探测领域具有突出的应用前景，但是多晶薄膜材料的晶界和缺陷问题，以及体单晶材料较厚的载流子传输距离限制了其性能。通过调控纵向尺寸制备的钙钛矿薄单晶材料理论上更适合光电探测，成为新型探测器领域的研究热点。本文介绍了钙钛矿单晶生长的结晶思路和薄单晶的制备工艺，回顾了钙钛矿薄单晶光电探测器领域的代表性工作，最后讨论了目前面临的问题和未来可能的发展方向。

铯铅卤钙钛矿量子点(CsPbX₃，X = Cl/Br/I)因其优异的光学性能，在显示技术、光伏器件、光电探测等领域展现出广阔的应用前景。本文对科学热点CsPbX₃量子点的合成和表征进行教学化改进，通过热注射法制备不同卤素组分的量子点，结合紫外-可见吸收光谱、荧光光谱、离子色谱及电感耦合等离子体发射光谱等表征手段对所制备量子点进行表征，并系统探究了卤素组分(X = Cl/Br/I)对材料光学性能的影响。通过此实验，学生亲身体验了纳米材料制备与表征的完整过程，帮助学生直观地理解材料结构与性能的关联，在引导学生将理论与实践相结合的同时，激发学生自主探究热情，掌握科学系统的研究方法，最终提升学生解决复杂科学问题的能力。

在化学、材料科学等前沿领域，定性定量分析技术已成为驱动学科发展和提升科研与工程实践水平的关键。仪器分析实验，正是培养学生掌握这门跨学科“通用语言”的核心环节。然而，传统仪器分析实验多侧重于原理认知与基础操作，与科研和工程实践存在显著差距，难以有效支撑实践型人才的培养目标。针对这一教学痛点，开展仪器分析实验的教学改革显得尤为重要，这是打破课堂教学与真实实践之间壁垒、系统构建两者有效衔接桥梁的关键。因此，本文以“实践育人”理念为指导，引入真实场景设计了一个开放探究型仪器分析实验项目——市售膳食补充剂中微量元素的测定。该实验内容包含引导式预习、开放式讨论、探究式实验三部分。实验重点聚焦谱线干扰的应对和方法可靠性的探究，使学生理解谱线选择和方法质量监控对于微量元素分析的重要性，培养学生设计并建立一个面向实际应用的、科学完整的电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)检测流程。教学实践结果表明，贴近生活的实验对象和未知的实验结果，极大提高了学生的学习兴趣，同时也提高了学生的思考能力、表达能力和实践能力。