源起于发霉甜苜蓿，脱胎于生化实验室，华法林先生起初作为一种强力灭鼠毒药大杀四方。然而，在进入医药领域的道路上，他却因毒药的身份标签和种种流言而饱受质疑和反对。科学家们揭示了华法林抗凝血的机制，并证明了华法林抗凝治疗对患者的益处。从此，华法林先生以及他的衍生物们成为了抗凝治疗和防治鼠害的前线战士。

笔者在大学入学之初就受教于华彤文老师，后来跟随华老师做研究、搞教学、写教材，直至担任《大学化学》主编时依然听取华老师的教诲。在此文中分享40余年来近距离观察、感受和学习华老师严谨治学、勇于担当的教学与研究的态度和方法，期待我国的化学教育教学事业薪火相传，持续发展。

以杨絮(PC)为原料，采用乙醇溶剂热法对其进行预处理，再进行碳化，制备了高比表面积的杨絮衍生多孔碳(DPCC)，并研究了其对染料的吸附性能及动力学性能。通过单因素实验优化工艺参数，确定最佳预处理条件(液固比为17 mL·g^-1、200 ℃处理2 h)，在此条件下制备的DPCC-10比表面积达到518 m²·g^-1。结合傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线衍射(XRD)、拉曼(Raman)光谱、扫描电镜(SEM)和N₂吸附-脱附测试等表征手段，证实预处理过程能够有效去除木质素和半纤维素等，形成丰富的多级孔道结构。吸附实验表明，DPCC-10对亚甲蓝(MB)的最大吸附量达到385.71 mg·g^-1，优于多数报道的生物质衍生吸附剂。DPCC-10对染料的吸附过程满足准二级动力学方程，表明该吸附以化学吸附为主。经过4次吸附-脱附循环后，DPCC-10对MB的吸附容量仍保持初始值的92.01%，表明材料具有优异的可再生性能。

高效灭藻与生态安全之间的矛盾是光催化治理有害藻华(HABs)的关键瓶颈。传统铜基光催化剂虽具有灭藻效果，但常引发严重的二次污染与水生态毒性。为解决这一矛盾，我们通过将LaCoO₃ (LCO)钙钛矿八面体共价锚定于2,4,6-三羟基苯-1,3,5-三甲醛(TP)和2,5-二氨基-1,4-苯二硫醇二盐酸盐(DABDT)溶剂热聚合而成的PTP-DABDT酰胺-亚胺功能骨架上，构建了具有生物安全性的S型异质结光催化材料。飞秒瞬态吸收光谱(fs-TA)和原位光照X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等证实了内建电场(IEF)的形成。该电场驱动超快S型电荷转移，在保持强氧化还原电势的同时能够有效抑制载流子复合。因此，改良后的20LCO/PTP-DABDT复合材料展现出优异的“杀藻-净化”协同性能：在铜绿微囊藻中实现64.39%叶绿素a降解以抑制藻华增殖，同时降解藻细胞释放的微囊藻毒素。更重要的是，对比毒性分析揭示了范式转变——传统铜基杀藻剂会导致非靶标生物(花鲈)100%死亡，而本体系存活率始终高于90%。本研究提出开创性的“生态调控”策略，为兼顾高效灭藻与环境生物安全性提供了可持续解决方案。

Based on the 5-(3, 4-dicarboxyphenoxy) isophthalic acid (H₄dppa) ligand, two lanthanide metal-organic frameworks (Ln-MOFs) were designed and synthesized by hydrothermal synthesis: {(dima)[Dy(dppa)(H₂O)₂]·2.5H₂O}_n (Dy - MOF) and {(dima) [Eu(dppa) (H₂O)₂]·1.5H₂O}_n (Eu - MOF) (dima=dimethylamine cation). The structures were characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, etc. Dy-MOF and Eu- MOF are hetero-isomorphic 2D network structures, and adjacent 2D networks further form 3D supramolecular network structures through hydrogen bonding. Fluorescence analysis shows that Dy-MOF and Eu-MOF have excellent fluorescence properties at room temperature, and Dy-MOF has excellent fluorescence sensing properties, which can efficiently and high-sensitively detect a variety of pollutants in water: aniline (ANI), nitrobenzene (NB), tetracycline (TC), pyrimethanil (PTH), and tryptophan (Trp). The fluorescence quenching mechanism of Dy-MOF in detecting pollutants was also investigated.

A coordination polymer {[Cd(H₂dpa)(bpy)]·3H₂O}_n (Cd-CP) was designed and hydrothermal synthesized based on 4-(2, 4-dicarboxyphenoxy) phthalic acid (H₄dpa), 2, 2′-bipyridine (bpy) and Cd(NO₃)₂·4H₂O. The structure was characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, powder X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, and infrared spectroscopy. Cd-CP belongs to the monoclinic crystal system with the P2₁/c space group and performs in a 1D double-chain structure. The adjacent double chains further form a 3D supramolecular network structure through hydrogen bonding. Thermogravimetric analysis shows that Cd-CP has good thermal stability. Fluorescence analysis showed that Cd-CP had good choosing selectively and was sensitive to metal ions (Fe³⁺ and Zn²⁺), 2, 4, 6-trinitrophenylhydrazine (TRI), and pyrimethanil (Pth). Interestingly, when Cd-CP was used for fluorescence detection of metal ions, it was found to have a fluorescence quenching effect on Fe³⁺ but had an obvious enhancement effect on Zn²⁺. Therefore, we designed an "on-off-on" logic gate. In addition, the mechanism of fluorescence sensing has been deeply explored.

A cadmium-based coordination polymer [Cd₄(L)₄(1,4-bib)₄]·2DMA (CP1) was synthesized under solvothermal conditions, where H₂L=2 hydroxyterephthalic acid, 1, 4 bib=1, 4 bis(imidazol1 ylmethyl) benzene, and DMA=N,N-dimethylacetamide. The structure was characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The single crystal structure shows that CP1 belongs to the orthorhombic system, the space group Pna2₁, Cd(Ⅱ) forms a 2D plane structure through L^2-, and the 2D plane structure forms a 3D network with pcu topology through 1,4-bib. CP1 shows good fluorescence sensing performance and thermal stability and realizes efficient and sensitive detection of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP), Fe³⁺, and fluridine (FLU). The detection limits were 0.051 μmol·L^-1 (TNP), 0.65 μmol·L^-1 (Fe³⁺), and 0.14 μmol·L^-1 (FLU), respectively. In addition, the mechanism of fluorescence detection of pollutant detection was explored and a portable test paper was successfully prepared. A portable test paper could not only selectively detect FLU, but also showed different fluorescence colors in different concentrations of FLU.

Based on 4′-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-[1, 1′-biphenyl]-2, 4, 6-tricarboxylic acid (H₄bta) ligand, zinc metal-organic framework (Zn-MOF): {[Zn₂(bta)(bpy)₂(H₂O)]·1.5H₂O}_n (bpy=2, 2′-bipyridine) was designed and synthesized by hydrothermal method. Its structure was characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectra, X-ray single crystal diffraction, etc. The asymmetric unit of Zn-MOF contains two crystallographically independent Zn²⁺ ions. Through the connection of Zn²⁺ ions via H₄bta, a 1D double-layer network structure is formed. Adjacent double-layer networks further form a 2D supramolecular network through hydrogen bonding. Notably, Zn-MOF exhibited excellent fluorescence properties and could efficiently and sensitively detect various water pollutants: 4-nitrophenol (4-NP), Cu²⁺, and pyrimethanil (Pth). Additionally, the mechanism of fluorescence sensing was investigated.

Two novel Cd-based metal-organic frameworks (Cd-MOFs), {[Cd₂(DCODBC)(phen)₂]·3H₂O}_n (1) and {[Cd₅(DCOTBC)₅(H₂O)₈]·2H₂O}_n (2), were synthesized by solvothermal method, where H₄DCODBC=4,4′-oxydibenzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid, phen=1,10-phenanthroline, and H₅DCOTBC=4-[(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl)oxy]benzene-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid. The structures of compounds 1 and 2 were determined using single-crystal X-ray diffraction, powder X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. 1 is a 2D planar structure, and 2 is a 3D grid structure. The DCODBC^4- ligand adopts the μ₆-к²∶к²∶к²∶к²∶к¹∶к¹ mode in 1 and the DCOTBC^5- ligand adopts the μ₉-к²∶к²∶к¹∶к¹∶к¹∶к¹∶к¹∶к¹∶к¹ mode in 2. To evaluate their optical performance, the photoluminescent properties of 1 and 2 were analyzed. 1 responded well to nitrobenzene [NB, detection limit (LOD)=0.043 8 μmol·L^-1], while 2 responded well to 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP, LOD=0.257 μmol·L^-1). Interestingly, 1 and 2 responded well to tetracycline (TC) and fluazinam (FLU); the LODs were all in the μmol·L^-1 range. The fluorescence quenching mechanisms of 1 and 2 were discussed. To further evaluate the detection capability of 1 and 2 for FLU in real samples, we conducted a spike recovery experiment using apple peels as the matrix. The recovery rate for 1 ranged from 98.78% to 99.75%, and that for 2 ranged from 98.76% to 99.27%.