The complexes 1-4 of cyclobutanocucurbit[5]uril (CyB₅Q[5]) with Na⁺/K⁺ have been synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The results show that although the inorganic salts are used when the cations are the same and the anions are different, in complex 1, Na⁺ closes one port of CyB₅Q[5] through Na—O seven coordination bonds to form a molecular bowl; in complex 3, Na⁺ completely closes the two ports of CyB₅Q[5] to form a molecular capsule with six Na—O coordination bonds; in complexes 2 and 4, the two ports of CyB₅Q[5] are completely closed to form K—O coordinated molecular capsules, but the K⁺ of complex 2 is six-coordinated and that of complex 4 is eight-/nine-coordinated. and complex 4 are connected by three oxygen bridges to form a 1D molecular chain.

硫化铜(CuS)作为一种过渡金属硫族化合物，因其独特的电学和光学性质，在水体污染物去除领域展现出吸附和光催化应用的潜力。然而，CuS光生电子-空穴对复合速率高、光腐蚀稳定性差等关键缺陷限制了其实际应用。为克服这些瓶颈，离子掺杂策略被广泛用于提升CuS的光稳定性和光催化活性。本文系统综述了离子掺杂CuS纳米材料的合成方法，重点阐述了微波水热合成法的高效性与应用优势，深入分析了离子掺杂对其能带结构、缺陷态及载流子动力学的影响机制，并对2020—2025年间离子掺杂CuS在光催化与能源领域的最新研究进展进行了归纳与评述。