通过循环伏安法(CV)处理泡沫镍(NF)得到羟基氧化镍(NiOOH)，并以此为前体构建了金纳米聚集体/NF复合催化剂(Au/RF100-NF，RF表示CV处理后表面粗糙化的NF)。NiOOH前体和金纳米聚集体的生成不仅增大了电极的电化学活性面积，同时又增强了电极界面的电荷转移，有利于电催化氧化甘油反应的进行。金纳米聚集体也促进了甘油C—C键的断裂，并显著降低了乳酸盐等C₃产物的法拉第效率(FE)，同时提高了乙醇酸盐和甲酸盐等C₂与C₁产物的FE。最终，通过脉冲电解方式抑制乙醇酸盐进一步转化为甲酸盐。在此条件下，Au/RF100-NF催化乙醇酸盐的FE高达约49.1%，较未预处理直接在NF上沉积金纳米颗粒制备的催化剂(Au/NF)提高了1.67倍。

To develop highly stable and active Ru complex catalysts for CO₂ hydrogenation, we synthesized Ru complexes bearing rigid pincer-type tridentate NNN (pyrazole-pyridine-pyrazole) ligands and weakly coordinated triphenylphosphine (PPh₃) ligands. The NNN ligands can strongly chelate with the Ru metal center, contributing to the overall robustness of the catalytic system. Meanwhile, PPh₃ can easily dissociate to form vacant coordination sites, thereby enhancing catalytic activity. As a result, the Ru(Ⅱ)-NNN complex [Ru(L-NNN)Cl(PPh₃)₂]Cl (1, L-NNN=2,6-bis(5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)pyridine) was not only quite stable, but also showed high activity for CO₂ hydrogenation to formate, achieving a TON of up to 150 000. In the mechanism study, based on the results of in-situ NMR, in-situ HPLC-HRMS spectra, and density functional theory calculations, it is speculated that the active intermediates with empty coordination sites are highly active species in CO₂ hydrogenation.