采用原位聚合法制备了氯氧化铋(BiOCl)与聚苯胺(PANI)复合的Ⅱ型异质结光催化剂BiOCl/PANI，并采用X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、紫外可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)和N2吸附-脱附测试等多种技术手段对其进行了表征，考察了BiOCl/PANI在模拟可见光下对罗丹明B (RhB)的光催化降解性能。实验结果表明：BiOCl/PANI催化剂比PANI和BiOCl具有更高的光催化活性，在RhB质量浓度为50 mg·L^-1、PANI与BiOCl的物质的量之比为0.02∶1、50 mg·L^-1的催化剂条件下，所制备的BiOCl/PANI光催化150 min后，RhB降解率为98.8%，速率常数为0.031 min^-1；经过4次循环实验后，RhB降解率从98.8%降低至98.4%，表现出良好的稳定性和可重复利用性。光催化剂BiOCl/PANI实现了电子和空穴对的快速分离，降低了二者在催化剂内部的复合速率，提高了光催化性能。

仪器分析实验“分子荧光法测定罗丹明B的含量”存在实验过于简单、未考虑实际情况等问题。因此，本改进实验在三维荧光扫描模式下获取样本数据，不进行复杂预处理，而是运用化学计量学算法解析出目标分析物的纯信号，进而实现了染色辣椒中罗丹明6G和123的同时测定。本改进实验提高了学生全面考虑问题和创新解决问题的能力。

A simple two-step hydrothermal method synthesized four different CdS/Fe₃O₄ photocatalysts with varying ratios of mass of CdS to Fe₃O₄. The composition and morphology of the prepared samples were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectrum, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Solid UV reflectance spectra testing found that CdS/Fe₃O₄ nanocomposites had good light absorption throughout the spectral range, promoting their photocatalytic properties. Under visible light irradiation, CdS/Fe₃O₄ (2:5) with a mass ratio of 2:5 exhibited excellent photocatalytic performance, with a degradation rate of 98.8% for rhodamine B. Furthermore, after five cycles of photocatalytic degradation reaction, the rhodamine B degradation rate remained at 96.2%, indicating that the photocatalysts have good photocatalytic stability.

To reduce the "shuttle effects" of lithium polysulfides (LIPs) and the lithium dendrites in Li-S batteries, the separator modified by hollow carbon material was prepared by the simple scraping method. It can be found from the contact angle tests that the layers formed by the porous carbon of uniform width exhibited both stronger attractions to LIPs and better permeability of electrolytes than the bare polypropylene (PP) separator. Permeation tests further showed an effective block over LIPs by the modification layers. Cathode symmetrical batteries with Celgard 3501 separator were assembled and the current response tests implied a conversion of LIPs to Li₂S catalyzed by hollow carbon materials. Lithium symmetrical batteries with modified separators were assembled and the voltage-time profile of charge-discharge processes showed better stability owing to the prevention of lithium dendrites. The Li-S batteries were assembled with sulfur loading of 1.8-2.0 mg·cm^-2 and with the bare PP, single-side modified, and double-side modified separators. Calculations of the diffusion coefficient of lithium-ion from galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT) tests and Nyquist plots both indicated the faster ion transportation for the modified separators. Smaller semicircles for impedance were also found in the plots. Nyquist plots after the 1st, 5th, 10th, 50th, and 100th cycles were analyzed to show a stable diffusion behavior of lithium ions, which should be caused by the multichannel from hollow carbon material to provide more paths for Li⁺ ion transportation. Li-S batteries with double-side modified separators presented a high specific capacity of 1 035 mAh·g^-1 in the first cycle and 500 mAh·g^-1 after 700 cycles at the current density of 0.2C, 630 mAh·g^-1 after 100 cycles at 1C, and 505 mAh·g^-1 after 100 cycles at 2C. The rate performance also behaved superior to the cells with bare PP as the separator. The cell assembled with higher sulfur content (3.2 mg·cm^-2) also presented the reverse specific capacity of 500 mAh·g^-1 at 0.2C. These battery performances could be ascribed to the porous hollow carbon materials for their adsorption and conversion of LIPs and their prevention of dendrites. Thus, the physicochemical interaction between hollow carbon and LIPs effectively alleviates the shuttle effect and the bifunctional modification of the separator could prevent the growth of lithium dendrites to improve the safety of the Li-S batteries.