The glycol solvent -thermal method prepared a serial of NiAlNd catalysts based on layered double hydrox-ides (LDHs) precursor. The introduction of Nd greatly promoted the catalytic activity for CO₂ methanation at low temperatures. The CO₂ conversion on the NiAlNd - 0.4 catalyst reached 83.9% under the reaction condition: T= 210 ℃, WHSV (weight hourly space velocity)=24 000 mL·g^-1·h^-1, p=100 kPa. The substitution of Nd³⁺ for Al³⁺ hin-dered the formation of LDHs structure in the precursor but decreased the particle size of the calcined catalyst. The interaction between NiO and Al₂O₃ was weakened with the introduction of Nd, resulting in better NiO component reducibility and high intrinsic activity of the Ni site. Moreover, the presence of Nd increased the number of surface basic sites of the catalyst, thus increasing the adsorption of CO₂. With the increase in Nd, the surface area of metallic Ni in the reduced catalyst takes on a volcano-shape variation trend. The catalytic activities of NiAlNd catalysts are affected by the number and intrinsic activity of Ni sites simultaneously.

化学反应速率常数受温度影响很大，动力学实验教学中常先预热后取液，溶液转移过程中的室温暴露使体系温度失衡，易导致初始数据误差大，动力学曲线变形;定量移液、启动计时、混合溶液等需同步操作，学生不熟练易忙乱出错;溶液预热时试剂过量，易造成浪费等。针对上述问题，本实验室自制了“裤型”动力学反应瓶及其配套装置，使溶液的移取、预热和混合逐步进行，实验步骤更加合理，减少了温度失衡引起的实验误差及学生的操作失误，并可节约试剂。该瓶已实际应用于本校的物理化学实验教学中，改进和丰富了实验内容，更好地锻炼了学生的操作能力，并对培养学生综合分析与解决问题的能力、提高学生科研素养、提升实验教学效果起到了一定作用。

蒽与马来酸酐的Diels-Alder反应是基础有机化学实验课程中普遍开展的一个经典实验。本文推荐蒽与马来酸酐Diels-Alder反应的计算化学实验，该实验采用Gaussian 16程序中的密度泛函方法对蒽和马来酸酐Diels-Alder反应的反应机理进行了研究。旨在通过本实验激发学生对有机化学和计算化学的兴趣，加深学生对化学学科的理解，提升学生在科研工作中学以致用的能力。