蝙蝠以大毒王闻名于世，却是人类实实在在的良师益友。它具有控制害虫、种子传播、植物授粉等不可或缺的生态作用和巨大的经济价值，且在健康长寿、生物仿生等方面具备重要的研究意义。作为唯一会飞行的哺乳动物，人们对它的观察与研究从未停止。蝙蝠声纳系统的发现见证了人类探求真理的曲折历程和顽强精神。蝙蝠拥有“心眼”这样的超能力，人类依据其回声定位和形体结构制造出蝙蝠机器人，未来应用及发展前景非常广阔。蝙蝠还是中国福文化的代表，值得我们永远颂扬。论文讲述了蝙蝠的优缺点、身体结构、生活习性和夜视能力以及蝙蝠机器人的相关知识，旨在引领学生全面辩证地看待蝙蝠的问题，培养学生的思辨意识和能力，体会仿生学的奥妙，传承中华传统福文化思想精髓，树立人与自然和谐共生的发展观。

A photothermal agent (ECEI) with high photothermal conversion efficiency (85.78%) was synthesized based on coumarin fluorescent groups. In addition, the experimental results of hot and cold cycling show that ECEI has good photostability. Despite damage to the mitochondrial membrane potential, ECEI can effectively target mitochondria and induce cancer cell death under laser irradiation. This allows ECEI to maximize mitochondrial damage and thus inhibit tumor cell reproduction. Notable, after irradiating mouse tumors once, the mouse tumors gradually disappeared within 10 d. This indicates that ECEI has an excellent tumor inhibition effect.

采用高温固相法在1 050℃下烧结，制备了LiCoO₂低浓度梯度改性样品，分别为LiF掺杂包覆（LCOLF、LCO@LF）和MgF₂掺杂包覆（LCOMF、LCO@MF）。通过光电子能谱、透射电子显微镜和电化学技术等表征方法，对比分析材料形貌及电化学性能。结果表明，体相掺杂复合电极中，LCOLF热重测试显示出最优热稳定性，LCOMF晶体中（003）和（104）晶面间距收缩；45℃下1C倍率循环70圈后，LCOLF和LCOMF比容量分别为141.45和166.98 mAh·g^-1，循环性能优于LiCoO₂。表面包覆复合电极中，LCO@LF和LCO@MF晶粒表面光洁且晶格氧键价都向更高结合能方向增强；LCO@MF构建了坚实且紧密的包覆层，循环70圈后，放电比容量和容量保持率分别为183 mAh·g^-1和91.26%（LCO@LF分别为154.38 mAh·g^-1和77.54%），循环性能显著优于体相掺杂。

卤代芳烃是非常重要的合成砌块，广泛应用于农用化学品、材料和药物等的合成。芳烃的亲电取代卤化反应是制备芳基卤化物最简单的方法，但是富电子芳烃的卤化反应存在区域选择性差的挑战。本实验采用自组装协同催化策略，以环己基苯溴化反应为模型反应，高选择性合成溴代芳烃，进而应用于卤代芳烃的高选择性合成。在加深学生芳烃亲电取代卤化反应的同时，也向学生传授自组装、协同催化和路易斯酸碱催化等重要知识，加深学生对亲电取代反应机理和离子型中间体的了解。实验主要由卤代芳烃的合成、机理探究及实验普适性三部分组成，包含多种有机实验基本操作，涉及反应监测、分离纯化、产物表征等多个重要环节，实验整体时长7小时，安全性高，可操作性强，适合本科实验教学开设。本实验秉持科研反哺教学的理念，将新的科研成果转化为人才培养内容，有助于提高学生的科研创新与实践能力。

A series of novel titanium-oxo-clusters (TOCs, including Zn-Ti₁₁ and Cd-Ti₁₁) was designed for supercapacitors, expanding the potential application of TOCs. These materials demonstrate the benefits of titanium-based materials through their excellent pseudocapacitive energy storage capabilities. The prepared supercapacitor exhibited impressive performance, with a maximum power density of 9.5 W·kg^-1 and an energy density of 463 Wh·kg^-1.

Based on the 5-(3, 4-dicarboxyphenoxy) isophthalic acid (H₄dppa) ligand, two lanthanide metal-organic frameworks (Ln-MOFs) were designed and synthesized by hydrothermal synthesis: {(dima)[Dy(dppa)(H₂O)₂]·2.5H₂O}_n (Dy - MOF) and {(dima) [Eu(dppa) (H₂O)₂]·1.5H₂O}_n (Eu - MOF) (dima=dimethylamine cation). The structures were characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, etc. Dy-MOF and Eu- MOF are hetero-isomorphic 2D network structures, and adjacent 2D networks further form 3D supramolecular network structures through hydrogen bonding. Fluorescence analysis shows that Dy-MOF and Eu-MOF have excellent fluorescence properties at room temperature, and Dy-MOF has excellent fluorescence sensing properties, which can efficiently and high-sensitively detect a variety of pollutants in water: aniline (ANI), nitrobenzene (NB), tetracycline (TC), pyrimethanil (PTH), and tryptophan (Trp). The fluorescence quenching mechanism of Dy-MOF in detecting pollutants was also investigated.

通过碱处理结合铬改性策略实现了对高硅ZSM-5沸石孔道和酸性的协同调控，制备出了一种具有适宜酸性的高硅多级孔沸石催化剂。在碱处理的过程中，通过精细调节合成凝胶组成，在沸石晶体中引入的丰富共生界面，诱导了介孔的形成，从而打破了沸石硅铝比对常规碱处理法的限制。在铬改性的过程中，独特的多级孔结构促进了铬在催化剂中的分散，从而实现了对酸性的深度改性。在甲醇制丙烯催化反应中，制备的催化剂表现出了极佳的催化稳定性以及很高的丙烯和总低碳烯烃选择性。

A new metal-organic framework (MOF) {[Cd(L)_0.5(4, 4'-bpy)_0.5]·H₂O}_n (1), where H₄L=(1, 1': 4', 1″-terphenyl)-2, 2″, 4, 4″-tetracarboxylic acid, 4, 4'-bpy=4, 4'-bipyridine, was synthesized by hydro-solvothermal method. The structure of complex 1 was characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, powder X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and infrared spectrum analysis. The analysis of single crystal structure shows that 1 is a 3D structure, belonging to the monoclinic crystal system, C2/c space group. Cd(Ⅱ) connects L^4- and 4, 4'-bpy to form a 2D plane structure, and the layers are connected by L^4- to form a 3D network structure. The MOF shows good stability and can be used for the detection of tetracycline (TET) and p-nitrophenol (4-NP) by fluorescence quenching. The detection limits of TET and 4-NP were 0.15 and 0.062 μmol·L^-1, respectively. In addition, the fluorescence quenching mechanism of 1 was also studied. 1 can be successfully applied to the determination of TET and 4-NP content in Yanhe water samples.

为设计高稳定性且高灵敏度的纯金属有机骨架(MOF)电化学传感器以检测多巴胺(DA)，我们选用铟基MOF [In(2-NH₃-BDC)(2-NH₂-BDC)]·1.5H₂O(RSMOF-1，RSMOF=resistance switchable metal-organic framework，2-NH₂-H₂BDC=2-氨基对苯二甲酸)修饰玻碳电极(RSMOF-1/GCE)。制备的电极RSMOF-1/GCE的DPV测试结果显示其线性范围为0.990~663 μmol·L^-1、检出限为0.770 μmol·L^-1。在多种干扰物质如尿酸、尿素、葡萄糖和对乙酰氨基酚存在的条件下，RSMOF-1/GCE对DA仍具有高的选择性。理论模拟结果显示，在RSMOF-1孔道内壁的—NH₂可通过氢键增强与DA分子的相互作用，使RSMOF-1/GCE具有灵敏的电化学传感DA的性能。

构建表面无机-有机复合包覆层，用于改善高镍层状(NCM811)正极材料结构和界面不稳定问题。复合包覆层由纳米偏铝酸锂(LiAlO₂，LAO)和环化聚丙烯腈(cPAN)构成。该复合包覆层中LAO是一种典型的锂离子导体，可提供Li⁺迁移通道；PAN环化后，可产生离域的π键，形成具有电子导电性的cPAN。材料表面复合包覆层的结构及成分研究表明，该复合包覆层均匀分布在NCM811材料表面。半电池测试结果表明，在2.7~4.3 V(vs Li/Li⁺)电压范围内，在180 mA·g^-1电流密度下，改性后的NCM811材料循环150周后容量保持率为84.8%。而同样条件下，原始NCM811材料容量保持率为65.5%。该复合包覆层可有效提升NCM811结构和界面稳定性，减少电解液分解，降低界面阻抗。