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Enabling guest-binding selectivity in hexahedral metal-organic cages via vertex modification
Tian Tan, Jiao Hu, Ya-Liang Lai, Xian-Chao Zhou, Yong-Zhen Tan, Mo Xie, Yong-Liang Huang, Chuang-Wei Zhou, Hao-Jie Zhang, Dong Luo, Xiao-Ping Zhou, Dan Li
2026, 37(9): 111331  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111331
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摘要:
This work investigates the impact of vertex modification on the host-guest chemistry of a hexahedral Zn(Ⅱ)-based metal-organic cage (MOC) 1 containing fluorinated components. Structural characterization via single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD), 1H NMR, and electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectra (ESI-TOF MS) confirmed the low-symmetry hexahedral architectures of 1·NTf2 and 1·OTf, with fluorine atoms positioned at cage windows. 1H/19F NMR spectra of 1·NTf2 and 1·OTf showed slow-exchange binding behavior with external anions. 1·NTf2 had a single set of peaks in the imine signal area, while 1·OTf had two distinct groups of signals. Combined with competitive anion titration results, it can be inferred that NTf2- has a stronger binding affinity with the cage structure. Host-guest studies with pyrene (Py) and its hydrogenated analogs revealed complete displacement of OTf- but not NTf2-, highlighting the superior binding strength of NTf2-. Comparative isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) data showed reduced association constants for 1·OTf with pyrene (Py) and its analogs 4,5,9,10-tetrahydropyrene (4H-Py) and hexadecahydropyrene (16H-Py) compared to 2·OTf, attributed to electron-withdrawing fluorine substituents altering charge distribution, which was confirmed by the electrostatic potential analysis of the cage skeleton. These findings underscore how vertex functionalization modulates anion selectivity and guest-binding thermodynamics in MOCs, offering insights for designing tailored supramolecular hosts.
Zwitterionic poly(ionic liquid)-induced fast structural diffusion electrolytes for lithium metal batteries
Haiyang Liao, Tiemin Xiao, Tengfei Zhang, Chiam Wen Liew, Xiaofei Duan, Jiayi Su, Hongjin Kuang, Xiaolong Feng, Ting Li, Yongqi Zhang
2026, 37(9): 111344  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111344
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Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) electrolytes present a promising option for next-generation solid-state high-energy-density batteries. However, the poor ionic conductivity and inefficiency transference number pose significant barriers to its broader application. Herein, an in-built synthesis of poly(ethylene oxide) with zwitterionic poly(ionic liquid) composite electrolyte (PEO/Zwit PIL) is employed by a thio-lene click reaction. The introduction of Zwit PIL can help the composite electrolyte fully dissociation lithium salts and optimize the solvation structure. Molecular dynamics simulations elucidate fast Li+ transport through a structural diffusion mechanism upon the addition of Zwit PIL to the composite electrolyte, simultaneously facilitating a high ionic conductivity and transference number. The composite electrolyte also demonstrates a high self-adhesive to construct a robust and tough electrode-electrolyte interface. The assembled full cell (LiFePO4PEO-Zwit PILLi) exhibits a discharge capacity of 153 mAh/g at 60 ℃ and highly stable cyclic performance up to 200 cycles at 0.2 C. The employment of Zwit PIL within PEO for novel solid-state electrolytes furnishes an alternative approach to the design of high-performance, next-generation, sustainable batteries.
Ru-decorated defective tantalum oxide via laser synthesis for efficient photothermal CO2 methanation
Chengxin Liu, Ying Zhang, Hui Kong, Zizheng Chen, Yeshun Zhang, Hong Liu, Wenqiang Gao, Kai Zhou, Lili Zhao, Wei Xia, Xiaoyan Liu, Weijia Zhou
2026, 37(9): 111345  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111345
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The conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) into valuable fuels or chemicals through photothermal catalysis is an efficient way to alleviate the global energy crisis and climate change. Regulating active sites and modifying photothermal conversion characteristics are conducive to photothermal catalytic reactions. In this study, the defect-rich tantalum oxide on tantalum foil decorated with Ru nanoparticles (Ru/Ta2O5-x/Ta) was synthesized using pulsed laser under thermal ablation effects. The presence of oxygen defects enhanced the photothermal conversion efficiency. Meanwhile, the interface between Ru and Ta2O5-x facilitated the adsorption of CO2, and Ru nanoparticles served as efficient active sites for the hydrogenation of CO2 to methane (CH4). The Ru/Ta2O5-x/Ta catalyst exhibited excellent photothermal conversion efficiency (reaching 343.4 ℃ at 1.76 W/cm2) and excellent catalytic activity with a CH4 yield of 50.6 mol g(Ru)-1 h-1 (CH4 selectivity of 98%). The experimental and theoretical results demonstrated that the catalytic sites of Ru/Ta2O5-x/Ta in combination with light irradiation promoted CO2 activation, intermediate formation and CO* transformation, thereby accelerating the production of CH4. Moreover, the application of the pulsed laser was extended to construct the photothermal catalyst with high photothermal temperature and efficient catalytic sites.
Aggregation-enhanced antenna effects of dynamic chiral Eu(Ⅲ) complexes significantly enhance imaging of living cells and zebrafish
Hai-Ling Wang, Bing Yu, Fu-Pei Liang, Hua-Hong Zou
2026, 37(9): 111346  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111346
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In this work, the aggregation-enhanced antenna effect of chiral mononuclear Eu(Ⅲ) complexes containing dynamic modules in aqueous solution was used for the first time to significantly improve the optical imaging performance of various types of cells and zebrafish. Specifically, the chiral mononuclear Eu(Ⅲ) complexes (R/S-1 and R/S-2) containing molecular rotors or vibration unit modules have almost negligible emission in the molecule state, but after aggregation in aqueous solution, they form nanoparticles with a sharp increase in emission peaks. It is worth noting that the above photophysical properties lead to R/S-1 and R/S-2 having high-resolution cell imaging effects on various cells, and localizing in lysosomal organelles. In addition, R/S-1 and R/S-2 also show high-resolution optical imaging effects on zebrafish. This work not only opens a door to expand the bioimaging performance of lanthanide complex emitters but also opens a new perspective for the construction of new dynamic lanthanide complexes with bright emissions.
Mesoporous carbon anchored with zincophilic nitrogen and oxygen sites as protective layer for enhanced stability of Zn anodes
Zhuohua Li, Qizhen Zhu, Yanze Li, Yong Yang, Yuan Ju, Mengyao Xu, Bin Xu
2026, 37(9): 111348  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111348
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Aqueous zinc-ion batteries are promising candidates for large-scale energy storage, but their practical application is hindered by the issues of Zn dendrite growth and side reactions. To address these challenges, a mesoporous carbon anchored with zincophilic nitrogen and oxygen sites (NOPC) is prepared by pyrolyzing NH4Cl-incorporated ZIF-8 and constructed as a protective layer on Zn anode. In the NOPC layer, the zincophilic nitrogen and oxygen sites facilitate uniform Zn2+ nucleation, while the abundant mesopores homogenize Zn2+ flux, effectively enabling dendrite-free deposition. Moreover, the NOPC layer suppresses interfacial side reactions by isolating the Zn surface from active H2O. Remarkably, the Zn anode protected by the NOPC layer achieves an ultralong cycle life exceeding 6000 h at 1 mA/cm2 and 1 mAh/cm2, and maintains a high Coulombic efficiency of 99.8% for 4600 cycles, indicating superior stability and reversibility. When paired with NaV3O8·1·5H2O cathode, the full cell displays a capacity retention of 85.1% after 3000 cycles at 5 A/g. This study demonstrates that the engineering of zincophilic sites and meso-porosity in carbon-based protective layers represents an effective strategy for enhancing the performance of aqueous zinc-ion batteries.
Pyrazole-thermal-assisted assembly of the largest N-rich tin-oxo clusters with tunable broadband nonlinear optical limiting effect
Peng Li, Qian-Ru Sun, Chen-Bo Yu, Jia-Li Chen, Yu Zhu, Qian Zhou, Zi-Yan Guo, Shi-Yu Xiong, Jia-Heng Lv, Tian-Yun Fu, Chan Zheng, Qiao-Hong Li, Wei-Hui Fang, Jian Zhang, Dong-Sheng Li
2026, 37(9): 111384  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111384
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Tin-oxo clusters (TOCs) have attracted considerable attention owing to their various structures and wide potential applications. However, there is still a lack of effective methods to assemble high-nuclearity TOCs. Moreover, the periphery of reported TOCs is rarely N-rich ligands, limiting the comprehensive investigation of the structure-property relationship. In this work, we used the strategy of pyrazole-thermal-assisted organotin aggregation to construct a series of the largest N-rich Sn18 clusters with S4 axial symmetry. These Sn18 clusters have inorganic electron-withdrawing halogen atoms and organic electron-rich pyrazole derivatives, differing from the reported high-nuclearity TOCs only with carboxylate ligands. Owing to the high symmetry and multiple electron-withdrawing/-donating ligands, the Sn18 clusters served as the platform to investigate the relationship between structure and third-order nonlinear optical (NLO) property by Z-scan measurement. Different from the single organic ligand in the previous study, the multiple kinds of ligands in the Sn18 clusters have an important effect on the NLO property. Enhancing the push-pull electronic effect and introducing C–Cl···π interactions between different ligands can promote the NLO properties. Thus, CTGU-SnC-16 exhibits the best broadband NLO properties at 532 and 1064 nm, differing from the reported metal-oxo clusters only at 532 nm. This work not only affords an effective synthetic strategy for constructing high-nuclearity TOCs but also deepens the understanding of the structure-property relationship of clusters.
Regulation of bound water molecular state in mineral-based electrolyte for highly stable aqueous Zn-MnO2 batteries
Jing Huang, Zhexuan Liu, Hailong Li, Xiaoyu Wu, Kun Liu, Shuquan Liang, Guozhao Fang
2026, 37(9): 111388  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111388
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The instability of the Zn metal anode in aqueous zinc-ion batteries is the main culprit limiting promotion and practicability. Solid-liquid hybrid electrolytes, as an emerging system containing electrochemically inert fillers, have been proposed and shown significant progress in recent years. The electrolyte regulation for suppressing side reactions mainly depends on the state of bound water molecules, so exploring the influence of intrinsic properties of fillers on electrolyte structure is of great significance. This work compared the effects of kaolin and its derived mullite on the state of bound water molecules and electrochemical behaviors in hybrid electrolytes. Relying solely on the high specific surface area of mullite is not sufficient to provide enough ion diffusion paths and limit water molecule activity, resulting in severe polarization and side reactions. The layered structure of kaolin can accommodate a large number of water molecules, which constructs hydrogen bonding networks for H+ transport as the charge carrier with lower energy barrier. Hence, the kaolin-based electrolytes can inherit both low polarization of conventional liquid electrolytes and the durability to side reactions of hybrid electrolytes simultaneously. As a result, the aqueous Zn-MnO2 battery with kaolin-based electrolyte can provide high specific capacity of ~300 mAh/g at 100 mA/g, and maintain at least 164 and 85.2 mAh/g at 300 and 500 mA/g for > 500 cycles.
Giant 28-nuclear water cluster-intercalated polyoxometalate-based photocatalyst with bandgap modulation for efficient CO2 photoconversion
Yin-Hua Zhu, Yong-Qi Ji, Jian-Bo Yang, Xin-Ying Xiang, Hua Mei, Yan Xu
2026, 37(9): 111412  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111412
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Guest molecule intercalation is an effective strategy for engineering electron structures and enhancing photocatalytic CO2 reduction. Our designed charge-transfer system incorporates 28 nuclear H2O molecules as electron mediators within the POM-based photocatalyst, enabling efficient electron transport pathways. Comparative analysis of synthesized isostructural catalysts shows water-intercalated Na7[Co2(H2O)8(H11CoP8Mo12O62)]·44H2O (abbr. compound 1) achieves exceptional CO2 reduction activity (21,347.4 µmol g-1 h-1), outperforming anhydrous (C4H14N2)4[Co2(H10CoP8Mo12O62)]·4H2O (abbr. compound 2) by 68%. This work demonstrates that water intercalation simultaneously optimizes band structure and improves material stability, providing a novel paradigm for advanced photocatalytic system design.
Controlled assembly of phosphonic acid ligand covalently modified [TeMo6O21]2- polyanions for proton conduction
Qianqian Liu, Jianxin Ma, Lian Xiao, Shilei Liu, Yongzhen Chen, Liying Wang, Yunzuo Cui, Song Liang, Hong-Ying Zang
2026, 37(9): 111413  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111413
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Achieving higher proton conductivity of proton-conducting materials in solid-state is one of the utmost challenges in materials science. Due to their oxygen-rich structure and negative surface charge, polyoxometalates (POMs) anions have high requirements for proton carrier density and proton mobility, and thus have great potential as proton conducting materials. Furthermore, the versatility in modifying the ligand environment or incorporating acidic functional groups in POMs allows for precise tuning of their proton conductivity and stability under operational conditions. Therefore, it is an effective strategy to select a suitable organic ligand to stabilize the [TeMo6O21]2- anion assembled in-situ by covalent modification. In this paper, three [TeMo6O21]2- anionic clusters have been designed and synthesized by using polydentate phosphonate ligands and guided by transition metals, H26[Co6{N(CH2PO3)2(CH2COO)}6(TeMo6O21)4(H2O)8]·64H2O (complex 1), H26[Cu6{N(CH2PO3)2(CH2COO)}6(TeMo6O21)4(H2O)6]·78H2O (complex 2) and H34Na2[Co8{N2(CH2)2(CH2PO3)3(CH2PO3H2)}4(TeMo6O21)6(PO3)4(H2O)16]·84H2O (complex 3). Among them, complexes 1 and 2 are isomorphic, and complexes 1–3 have good proton conduction properties, resulting in values of 1.3 × 10−2, 1.22 × 10−2, and 1.11 × 10−2 S/cm, respectively (75% relative humidity, 80 ℃). This work offers a promising strategy for the development and design of novel telluromolybdate clusters suitable for proton conductive materials.
Redox and conductive covalent-organic binding agent boosts sulfur conversion kinetics in Li-S batteries
Taoping Huang, Xiaoman Yao, Xuanxu Chen, Minqiao Liang, Mingjin Shi, Yiwen Yang, Fei Yu, Fengxue Duan, Yifa Chen, Ya-Qian Lan
2026, 37(9): 111414  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111414
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Integration of redox ability and conductivity in binder is highly desirable to maximize their functions for high-performance battery requirements. Here, a novel redox covalent organic polymer binder (TTF-COP) has been developed by in-situ polymerizing redox/conductive tetrathiafulvalene unit and adhesive thiourea unit. TTF-COP can achieve one-pot cathode fabrication and simultaneously provide strong interactions with cathodic materials, showing significantly enhanced mechanical strength of the electrode, accelerated capture/conversion of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs), about 10,000 times higher viscosity (at shear rates of 0.1–1 s-1), and about 200 times enhanced electrical conductivity than that of PVDF. TTF-COP based cells exhibit high initial capacity (1126 mAh/g at 0.5 C, 928 mAh/g at 1 C, 611 mAh/g at 5 C, respectively) and excellent cycling stability over 800 cycles at 5 C (0.089% decay per cycle). Moreover, the cell shows an excellent specific capacity of 5.1 mAh/cm2 under a high sulfur loading of 7.1 mg/cm2 and low E/S ratio of 10.7 µL/mg. This work provides a new reference for designing multifunctional binders, hoping to enrich the binding chemistry for sustainable battery targets.
Controllable syntheses of {SbW9O33}-sandwiched silver clusters induced by external phosphine ligands towards 4-nitrophenol reduction
Wanting Sun, Lan Deng, Mengyun Zhao, Tianfu Liu, Hongjin Lv
2026, 37(9): 111416  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111416
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In this work, we report the controllable synthesis and characterization of four atomically precise silver clusters, Ag18(SbW9O33)2(DPPP)8 (1, DPPP = 1,3-bis(diphenyphosphino)propane), Ag18(SbW9O33)2(DPPB)8 (2, DPPB = 1,4-bis(diphenylphosphino)butane), Ag18(SbW9O33)2(DPPPe)8 (3, DPPPe = 1,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)pentane), and Ag18(SbW9O33)2(TPP)14 (4, TPP = triphenylphosphine) by using a facile one-pot solvothermal approach. The resulting four Ag clusters exhibit similar lacunary [SbW9O33]9‒ ({SbW9O33})-sandwiched structures, which can be adjusted by the external different phosphine ligands. In addition, all four clusters display variable physicochemical and catalytic performance, correlating well to their distinct molecular structures.
Nano-confined electrolyte enabled by pre-desolvation strategy for efficient lithium-metal batteries
Danni Zhang, Yan Xu, Shibin Zhang, Lishun Bai, Yue Liu, Kuhang Liu, Ying He, Feiyan Yu, Sijie Li, Zhi Chang
2026, 37(9): 111435  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111435
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Lithium-metal batteries (LMBs) are promising next-generation high-energy-density systems due to lithium's high theoretical capacity. However, while ester-based electrolytes support high-voltage cathodes, their poor compatibility with lithium metal hinders progress. In this study, a porous material with sub-nanochannels was constructed on lithium metal, inducing a pre-desolvation process that promotes a highly aggregative nano-confined electrolyte. This design mitigates solvent-lithium reactivity, enabling dendrite-free deposition and a stable LiF-rich solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). As a result, NCM-811//Li (LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2//Li) cell achieved exceptional cycling stability (89.2% capacity retention after > 400 cycles). This strategy provides a viable pathway for advanced high-energy-density batteries.
Defect engineering using Ti-doped calcium niobate nanosheets in polymer-based dielectrics for high temperature capacitance
Dongyang Chen, Xiaoxu Liu, Haonan Chen, Yaru Wang, Jing Li, Jiaming Sun, Xiaofeng Wang, Qiong Liu
2026, 37(9): 111436  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111436
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Although the incorporation of fillers has improved the high temperature (150–200 ℃) capacitance of polymer composite dielectrics, effective strategies for designing filler-matrix interface structures remains a formidable challenge. Herein, defect-rich nanosheets (Ca2Nb2.75Ti0.25O10, CT) were coated with a zeolite imidazolate frameworks-8 (ZIF-8, Zn(C4H5N2)2) layer (mCT). The mCT was integrated into polyetherimide (PEI) to create the polymer-based dielectrics. The defects on the surface of the negative CT nanosheets exhibited strong anchoring effects on the Zn2+ in ZIF-8, enhancing the filler-coating layer interface. Additionally, X-ray absorption fine structure analysis and density functional theory confirmed that the porous ZIF-8 coating layer forms strong coordination bonds with the PEI molecular chains, thereby an increased band gap (3.3 eV) of PEI/mCT compared to PEI (3.0 eV). It demonstrated exceptional performance at high temperatures, achieving ultra-high energy storage densities of 5.25 and 4.47 J/cm3 with efficiency > 90% at 150 and 200 ℃, which are higher than PEI (0.4 and 0.4 J/cm3). This work offers a new approach and reference for designing high-temperature polymer composite dielectrics for energy storage applications.
Double-shelled CeOx/CoS hollow nanobox for synergistic inhibition of polysulfides shuttle effect and lithium dendrites in robust lithium-sulfur battery
Xinyun Liu, Long Yuan, Xiaoli Peng, Shengjun Lu, Shilan Li, Shengdong Jing, Hua Lei, Yufei Zhang, Haosen Fan
2026, 37(9): 111438  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111438
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Li-S batteries (LSBs) offer significant promise for next-generation energy storage systems on account of their high energy density and the high capacity of sulfur. Nevertheless, the severe shuttle effect of lithium polysulfide (LiPSs) and the sluggish reaction kinetics greatly hinder the further application of LSBs. In this manuscript, Hollow CeOx/CoS core-shell hybrid were designed and synthesized using ZIF-67 as the self-template to prepare hollow CoS dodecahedral nanoboxs and the subsequent generation of CeOx nanodots. When used as the polyolefin separator modifier, the unique dodecahedral structure of hollow CoS/CeOx presents large specific surface area, abundant porous structure and enough active sites, which not only ensures the fast transport of electrolyte/ions and offers numerous active catalytic sites to accelerate the reaction kinetics of LiPSs. In addition, the catalytic activity of the CeOx/CoS hybrid greatly enhance the uniform ion diffusion and stable growth of lithium nucleation on the lithium metal anode side. The cell with CeOx/CoS modified separator presented excellent long cycle stability and satisfactory rate performance. The battery can maintain the capacity of 502.2 mAh/g after 900 cycles at the current density of 1 C, accompanying by a minimal 2 decay rate of 0.057%. Even at a current density of 3 C, a high specific capacity of 735.58 mAh/g can still obtained. Besides, when the sulfur loading increase into 4.480 mg/cm2, the battery still can maintain excellent cycling stability with the capacity retention ratio of 94.5% after 100 cycles. This study will provide new strategy for the design and preparation of heterostructure with outstanding catalytic performance for LSBs.
Efficient electrochemical bromine extraction from low-concentration brine via a flow electrolyzer
Ziyu Zhao, Tianyue Qian, Changyu Yan, Xinhua He, Zhou Xu, Wenjing Li, Zhiling Xin, Huifang Zhang, Xuefeng Qian, Jiantao Zai
2026, 37(9): 111439  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111439
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Bromine, a vital industrial chemical raw material with extensive applications, faces extraction challenges from diluted underground brine due to high energy consumption and low efficiency in conventional methods. In this study, we introduce a CO2 activation of acid-thermal treated graphite felt (AHGF-Y) as a highly effective negative electrode for bromine extraction, achieving remarkable efficiency exceeding 90%. With enriched oxygen-containing functional groups introduced by CO2 activation serving as active sites, the engineered bromine extraction electrodes demonstrates superior bromine oxidation reaction (BrOR) under high Cl/Br ratio conditions. Coupled with hydrogen production, in electrolyte with a Cl/Br ratio of 38, AHGF-Y operated at a low overpotential and achieved remarkable bromine extraction efficiency (94%), with minimal energy consumption (1.61 kJ/g). Notably, when applied to underground brine with high Cl/Br ratio of 255 and multiple interfering ions, AHGF-Y maintained extraction efficiency of 95.5%, significantly outperforming other reported works. Furthermore, AHGF-Y achieved an near-unity Faradaic efficiency (F.E.) of up to 99.7% in a scale-up hydrogen-bromine flow cell (HBFC), enabling simultaneous bromine extraction and hydrogen production. These results highlighted the potential of AHGF-Y as a sustainable and efficient material for large-scale bromine extraction from underground brine.
Synergistic pre-intercalation and coating engineering to realize stable Zn2+/H+ storage in vanadium oxide cathodes for zinc-ion batteries
Yumei Wu, Wenbin Li, Qi Dong, Jianhua Zhang, Xing Huang, Haofei Yang, Siwen Zhang, Jingjing Wang, Xifei Li
2026, 37(9): 111456  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111456
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Layered V5O12·6H2O is a cathode material with great development potential for aqueous zinc-ion batteries due to its large interlayer spacing (~1.18 nm), high proportion of V4+, and abundant interlayer H2O. However, its low electronic conductivity and poor lattice stability lead to significant capacity degradation. In this regard, we develop a synergistic pre-intercalation & coating engineering, where Ni2+, Mn2+, or Zn2+ cations are pre-intercalated by one-step hydrothermal approach, and graphite oxides (GO) are coated by an electrostatic self-assembly strategy. It is found that Zn2+ pre-intercalation shows a better enhancement effect on the Zn2+/H+ storage reversibility and stability, and the charge and mass transfer kinetics. Meanwhile, the synergistic effect of Zn2+ pre-intercalation and GO coating achieves the enhancement of the cycling performance and rate capacity with the minimal loss of initial capacities, where the discharge capacity of 288.3 and 183.3 mAh/g with the retention of 85.0% and 61.6% are achieved at 1 and 3 A/g after 150 and 600 cycles, respectively. The excellent electrochemical performance is attributed to the biggest downward shift of the p-band center of oxygen, the moderate radius of Zn2+, and the coating of ultrathin GO with high electrical conductivity.
Interfacial engineering of ZnIn2S4@AgBiS2 high-low heterojunction for boosted photocatalytic H2 evolution
Xueting Liu, Wei Li, Zheng Liu, Yuemin Wang, Rui Xiong, Pengfei Fang, Chunxu Pan, Jianhong Wei
2026, 37(9): 111457  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111457
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The sluggish dynamics of photogenerated carriers and low sunlight absorption rate severely impede the performance of ZnIn2S4-based photocatalysts. To enhance their photoactivity, Sv-ZnIn2S4@AgBiS2 (Sv-ZIS@ABS) heterostructure composites with sulfur-rich vacancies were synthesized by growing ZnIn2S4 nanosheets on the surface of AgBiS2 through a one-step solvothermal method. The results demonstrate that the Sv-ZIS@ABS composites possess a substantially larger specific surface area and remarkable photocatalytic performance, achieving a hydrogen evolution rate of 4560.2 µmol h-1 g-1, approximately 14.27 times higher than that of pristine ZIS. The electron transfer kinetics in the ZIS@ABS heterojunction were thoroughly investigated using photoluminescence (PL), charge differential density, kelvin probe force microscope (KPFM), and in situ XPS, etc. Based on photocatalytic H2 evolution experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, a plausible photocatalytic mechanism for the Sv-ZIS@ABS composites was proposed. This study provides valuable insights into the design of highly efficient transition metal sulfide-based heterojunction photocatalysts, with a focus on optimizing electron transfer kinetics in these semiconductor materials.
Immobilization of multiple hydrogen-bond acceptor sites in a stable cage-based framework for efficient C2F6 purification
Yongqin Zhu, Zhenyu Ji, Yunzhe Zhou, Mingyan Wu
2026, 37(9): 111478  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111478
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The efficient removal of CF3CH2F and CF3CHF2 to obtain high-purity C2F6 is of critical importance for electronics industry but remains a big challenge. Currently, few adsorbents have been developed for one-step purification of C2F6 from multicomponent perfluorocarbons and hydrofluorocarbons mixtures. Herein, we report a metal-organic framework (FJI-W20) with multiple immobilized hydrogen-bond acceptors including F, O, N atoms which can form hydrogen bonds interactions with the H atoms of CF3CH2F and CF3CHF2, prompting it high selectivities for CF3CH2F/C2F6 and CF3CHF2/C2F6. More importantly, the special cage-like structure in turn ensures the high adsorption capacities of CF3CH2F and CF3CHF2. Adsorption experiments show that FJI-W20 can absorb 132.9 cm3/g of CF3CH2F and 110.1 cm3/g of CF3CHF2 but only adsorb 57.9 cm3/g of C2F6 at 298 K and 1 bar, delivering the selectivities as high as 17.6 and 12.3 for CF3CH2F/C2F6 (5/95, v/v) and CF3CHF2/C2F6 (5/95, v/v). Practical breakthrough experiments indicate that FJI-W20 can purify C2F6 from CF3CH2F/CF3CHF2/C2F6 (5/5/90, v/v/v) in one step at different gas flow rates as well as various temperatures and 20.6 mol/kg of high-purity (≥99.99%) C2F6 can be directly obtained under ambient conditions.
Catalytic curing-driven ultrafast fabrication of high-density composite bipolar plates for PEMFCs
Xiaomin Meng, Chengxin Li, Runlin Fan, Junsheng Zheng, Pingwen Ming
2026, 37(9): 111480  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111480
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Composite bipolar plates (CBPs) composed of resin and conductive fillers have the potential to combine excellent conductivity with superior mechanical properties, as key components in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). However, the industrial scalability is hindered by slow curing kinetics and trade-offs between conductivity and mechanical integrity. In this work, we propose a rapid compression molding strategy catalyzed by 2-methylimidazole (2MI), which utilizes the synergistic effect of tertiary amine catalysis and nucleophilic enhancement to reduce the energy barrier of epoxy ring opening, enabling the resin to achieve ultrafast curing. And with temperature and pressure regulation, CBPs achieve good contact between graphite particles and a dense structure, resulting in outstanding in-plane conductivity of 190 S/cm, flexural strength of 85 MPa, and hydrogen permeability below 1.5 × 10–10 cm3/(cm2 s). The work provides a paradigm for resin-curing synergy, bridging rapid processing with multifunctional performance, and advancing scalable PEMFC component manufacturing.
Multifunctional hydrogel embedded with Au−Cu nanoclusters for catalytic cascade therapy of infected diabetic wounds
Wenjing Zhang, Yu Chen, Kun Xie, Rachel A. Jun, Run Wang, Ning Wang, Yingwei Li, Yongbo Song
2026, 37(9): 111481  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111481
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摘要:
Diabetic wound healing is hindered by multidrug-resistant bacteria, hyperglycemia, and oxidative stress, making bacterial control and microenvironment modulation crucial. However, an all-in-one strategy is still under development. We report a cascade catalytic hydrogel by incorporating quantum-sized Au−Cu bimetallic nanoclusters with dual enzyme-mimetic activities and glucose oxidase into a cross-linked matrix of oxidized chondroitin sulfate and carboxymethyl chitosan. Three objectives are achieved in this system: (1) Utilizing glucose oxidase to decrease blood glucose levels while generating H2O2. (2) Producing hydroxyl radicals via peroxidase-like activity of Au−Cu nanoclusters, while simultaneously functioning as a glutathione peroxidase-like to deplete GSH levels, thereby achieving effective antibacterial effect. (3) The Schiff base bonds (-CH=N-) within the hydrogel will responsively cleavage under slightly acidic environment of wound to release the oxidized chondroitin sulfate, which is benefit for down-regulating the levels of inflammatory factors (TNF-α and IL-6), ultimately achieving an anti-inflammatory effect. Comprehensive in vitro and in vivo evaluations, including antibacterial testing, biocompatibility, rapid hemostasis (within 7 min), and 16S rRNA gene sequencing, revealed that the hydrogel effectively restored microbial diversity and rectified the disrupted wound microenvironment. This work established the Au−Cu/GOx-integrated hydrogel as a promising therapeutic platform for treating infected diabetic wounds and highlights the potential of Au–Cu nanoclusters in clinical application.
Characterization of intrinsic defects and their effects on carrier lifetime in CdTeSe: First principles and non-adiabatic molecular dynamics simulations
Hongqin Chu, Liyang Li, Fan Yang, Shujuan Li, Jiayao Wang, Shulai Lei, Jinbo Sun, Ke Xu, Xinyue Xiong, Zhenpeng Hu
2026, 37(9): 111490  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111490
[摘要]  (34) [HTML全文] (34) [PDF 1093KB] (0)
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With the rapid advancement of solar cell and radiation detector technology, understanding and controlling intrinsic defects in semiconductor materials is crucial for improving photovoltaic device performance. This study employs density functional theory (DFT) and non-adiabatic molecular dynamics (NAMD) methods to investigate the ground-state properties of intrinsic defects in CdTeSe (CTS) material and their impact on carrier dynamics. The results demonstrate that defect formation is strongly influenced by the chemical environment: acceptor defects are favored in Te-rich conditions, donor defects are promoted in Cd-rich conditions, while Se substitution at the Te site (SeTe) and Te substitution at the Se site (TeSe) defects are readily formed under various conditions due to their low formation energies. Carrier lifetime is significantly affected by various defects, as shown by their modulation of electron-phonon coupling interactions in electron-hole recombination dynamics. SeCd and TeCd defects are characterized by strong coupling between local vibrational modes and band-edge states, which enhances non-adiabatic coupling (NAC) strength and reduces recombination times to 9.44 ns and 30.95 ns, respectively. In contrast, SeTe and TeSe defects suppress the NAC by markedly reducing coupling, thereby extending the recombination times to 198.04 ns and 239.5 ns. Fourier transform analysis further indicates that the low-frequency phonon modes associated with SeTe and TeSe defects enhance carrier dynamics by optimizing phonon-assisted processes. Finally, it is found that variations in carrier concentration have a significant impact on carrier recombination, especially at high non-equilibrium carrier concentrations, which notably shorten the carrier lifetime. This study offers a theoretical framework for the performance optimization and defect engineering of CTS material in high-efficiency solar cell applications.
Anchoring Co nanoparticles in P, I-doped carbon skeleton for highly efficient potassium metal anodes
Yiting Tong, Wei Shi, Qingfeng Zhang, Zheyi Zou, Wei Xie, Jianyu Huang, Shuhong Xie
2026, 37(9): 111508  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111508
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Owing to the low redox potential and high theoretical specific capacity, potassium metal batteries (PMBs) have become one of the suitable candidates for high specific energy batteries. However, challenges including uncontrolled dendrite growth and interfacial instability severely hinder their practical applications. Herein, we develop a cobalt-anchored, phosphorus-iodine co-doped 3D carbon skeleton (PI-Co/GCNT) that synergistically integrates heteroatom co-doping effects and structural engineering to address these limitations. Experiments reveal that the doping of P and I induces charge redistribution on the Co/GCNT, which collectively enhances the K+ adsorption energy compared to Co/GCNT and GCNT. This strategy creates abundant potassiophilic sites that reduce nucleation overpotential (14 mV) and inhibit dendrite growth. The 3D porous architecture not only accommodates volume fluctuations but also ensures rapid ion transport through low-tortuosity channels. The assembled K-PI-Co/GCNT symmetrical cells keep cycling over 1000 h at 1 mA/cm2 with a low polarization of 40 mV. Paired with organic cathodes (PTCDA), the K-PI-Co/GCNT anode delivers superior cycle and rate performance compared to the bare K in full cells. This work elucidates the critical role of heteroatom co-doping for dendrite-free anodes, providing a universal design paradigm for alkali metal batteries.
Enhanced luminescence efficiency and stability in Mn-based organic-inorganic hybrid metal halides via chlorination effect
Xiulian Cai, Qilin Wei, Yaping Gong, Tong Chang, Tongtong Kou, Ziyang Song, Zengshan Yue, Huanxin Su, Yuanxiang You, Chengmin Ji, Xinxin Han, Shiguo Han, William W. Yu
2026, 37(9): 111515  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111515
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Mn-based organic-inorganic hybrid metal halides have attracted extensive attention due to their excellent luminescence properties, easy processing, low cost, and non-toxicity. Herein, we effectively improved the luminescence properties and stability of the [C6H14N]2MnBr4 adopting the chlorination effect. Specifically, through the introduction of chlorine atom on the cations, the Mn-Mn distance in [C6H13NCl]2MnBr4 increases from 8.061 Å to 8.668 Å, thereby suppressing excitation energy transfer between adjacent Mn2+ centers and enhancing the overall luminescent efficiency from 38.8% to 74.5%. Further experimental and theoretical analyses reveal that such chlorination effect increased the H···Cl interactions, significantly improving the environmental stability of Mn-based metal halides. Moreover, compare to [C6H14N]2MnBr4, the CIE chromaticity coordinates of [C6H13NCl]2MnBr4 are much closer to the NTSC green standard (0.23, 0.69). Our work provides new insights into the relationship between the cation structure and optical properties in Mn-based metal halides and sheds light on the design of stable metal halide materials.
Ferromagnetic filler-induced stable electrode/electrolyte interfaces for solid-state Li metal batteries
Yucheng Wang, Xiaodan Li, Xunhui Xiong, Yuancheng Chen, Yun Cheng, Jianhao Lin, Chuang Ji, Yingyi Yuan
2026, 37(9): 111528  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111528
[摘要]  (35) [HTML全文] (35) [PDF 1213KB] (0)
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Solid polymer electrolyte (SPEs) modified by inorganic fillers has become a simple and effective strategy to improve ionic conductivity and mechanical strength. However, the uneven charge distribution at the interface of polymer electrolyte/electrode results in unstable interfaces and poor cycle performances. Herein, ferromagnetic (La0.60Sr0.40)0.95Co0.20Fe0.80O3-δ (LSCF) has been firstly proposed as filler for PVDF-based electrolyte (PLSCF) to address these critical challenges in solid-state Li metal battery. It has been demonstrated that LSCF filler cannot only increase the ratio of amorphous phase in the polymer, but also induce the rearrangement of PVDF molecular chains under an applied external magnetic field during the preparation process, which can facilitate the generation of the β-phase and promote the dissociation of Li+. The synthesized PLSCF electrolyte exhibits appealing physicochemical properties, including enhanced ionic conductivity (2.09×10−4 S/cm), reduced activation energy (0.142 eV), and improved mechanical robustness (1.286 MPa), which can contribute to a homogeneous lithium deposition on Li metal anode. Furthermore, LSCF can establish an even electric field at the PLSCF/cathode interface, which helps to weaken the space charging layer and construct a robust cathode/electrolyte interface (CEI). As a result, both solid-state Li/Li symmetric cells and LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2/Li full cells incorporating the PLSCF electrolyte exhibit significantly improved cycling stability and rate capability. This work enriches inorganic fillers to stabilize electrode/electrolyte interface for high-performance solid-state Li metal batteries.
Crystallization-induced emission enhancement of copper iodide cluster for efficient X-ray scintillation and dynamic imaging
Hao-Nan Qin, Hao Xie, Jia-Wang Yuan, Ren-Wu Huang, Zhao-Yang Wang, Shuang-Quan Zang
2026, 37(9): 111529  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111529
[摘要]  (35) [HTML全文] (35) [PDF 645KB] (0)
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Zero-dimensional (0D) scintillation materials have demonstrated great potential in X-ray detection and imaging due to their advantages in fabricating flexible screens. Compared with the current lead-halide perovskite-based nanocrystals and quantum dots, copper iodide clusters have gradually attracted attention due to their better air stability, eco-friendliness, and processability performance. Here, we demonstrate large-scale synthesis of an eco-friendly 0D microcrystalline Cu4I6(DABCO–CH3)2 (Cu4I6, DABCO–CH3 = 1-methyl-4-aza-1-azoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octane) scintillator exhibiting crystallization-induced emission enhancement (CIEE). High X-ray absorption efficiency and excellent optical properties endow Cu4I6 microcrystals with high-quality scintillation performance, which displays an ultralow X-ray detection limit of 38.4 nGy/s and a light yield of ~21,700 photons/MeV. Specifically, a microcrystal-based flexible scintillation screen was fabricated for high-resolution static and dynamic X-ray imaging applications, achieving a spatial resolution of 12.3 LP/mm. This study introduces a practical design concept for CIEE-based scintillators and seeks to further investigate their potential applications in X-ray imaging.
Synergistic phenol degradation via electron beam irradiation and bimetallic catalysis: Coupling radical and non-radical pathways
Yalan Deng, Yaqi Wu, Haipeng Xiao, Nuowen Ma, Huifang Miao, Liuxuan Cao, Wei Guo
2026, 37(9): 111568  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111568
[摘要]  (37) [HTML全文] (37) [PDF 1399KB] (0)
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Electron beam (EB) irradiation has gained significant attention in industrial wastewater due to its high efficiency and absence of chemical additives or secondary waste. However, its application remains constrained by relatively high operational costs. To address this limitation, we develop a sustainable advanced oxidation platform by synergistically integrating EB irradiation with a bimetallic catalyst (Cu0.97Co0.03/AC) for enhanced phenol (Ph) degradation. The Cu-Co bimetallic catalyst activated a dual reaction network encompassing both radical (•OH, •O2-) and non-radical (1O2, h+, e-) pathways, enabling effective Ph degradation. Compared to EB irradiation alone, this integrated system achieved 6.92-fold and 41.43-fold enhancements in Ph degradation and total organic carbon (TOC) removal, respectively. Quenching and trapping experiments confirmed 1O2 and •OH as the dominant reactive species. The system demonstrated broad pH adaptability while avoiding sulfate byproduct formation typically associated with 1O2-based processes. Toxicity assessment confirmed substantial reduction in intermediate toxicity. Meanwhile, the catalyst maintained excellent cycling stability under prolonged irradiation. This work presents a novel approach for efficient degradation and mineralization of highly toxic organic pollutants through radical/non-radical pathway coupling enabled by EB-bimetallic synergy.
Both promoting tetracycline decomposition in combination with CO2 reduction for flower-like MoS2 modified by Ti3C2 MXene quantum dots
Ziyu Yao, Huan Yang, Luyang Zuo, Fang Wang
2026, 37(9): 111595  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111595
[摘要]  (32) [HTML全文] (32) [PDF 1332KB] (0)
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The utilization of piezo-photocatalytic technology to achieve the efficient decomposition of antibiotics and stable CO2 reduction (dual-functional catalytic system) represents a cutting-edge approach for concurrently mitigating environmental pollution and the energy crisis. In this work, Ti3C2 MXene quantum dots with high electrical conductivity were uniformly modified on the surface of three-dimensional flower-like MoS2, aiming to realize the piezo-photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride (TC-HCl) coupled with the reduction of CO2 to CO. Remarkably, the degradation rate constant of the optimal Ti3C2 MXene quantum dots/MoS2 sample reached 0.178 min-1, which was 7.7 times higher than that of pure MoS2 under single photocatalysis and 7.1 times higher than that under single piezocatalysis. Meanwhile, the CO yield rates reached 28 µmol g-1 h-1, which was 4.6 times and 6.5 times higher than that of the single catalytic systems based on MoS2, respectively. The introduction of Ti3C2 MXene quantum dots significantly enhanced the current density, charge transfer efficiency, and light absorption capacity, and also effectively suppressed the recombination of electron-hole pairs. This work provides a novel strategy for MoS2-based composites to construct a dual-functional catalytic system via piezo-photocatalytic technology, offering a potential solution to address the concurrent challenges of environmental pollution and the energy crisis.
An efficient and stable protonic ceramic fuel cell cathode achieved by Yb-doping
Yixuan Huang, Jiacheng Zeng, Wenjie Gong, Wanbin Lin, Hao Liu, Chuqian Jian, Xiaofeng Chen, Tang Sheng, Li Zhang, Fan He, Yu Chen
2026, 37(9): 111664  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111664
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With high fuel flexibility, high energy efficiency, and low carbon emissions, protonic ceramic fuel cells (PCFCs) have been recognized as a promising energy conversion device. However, the sluggish oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) kinetics occurring at the cathodes significantly hinder the further development of PCFCs. Herein, a Yb-doped cathode material based on PrBaCo2O5+δ (PBC) perovskite with a nominal composition of PrBaCo1.95Yb0.05O5+δ (PBCYb0.05) is reported. The PBCYb0.05 is made up of two phases, which are deficient-PrBa1-xCo1.95–0.99xYb0.05–0.1xO5+δ (D-PBCYb0.05) major phase and BaCo0.99Yb0.01O3-δ (BCYO) secondary phase, demonstrating a low area-specific resistance of 0.249 Ω cm2 and commendable electrocatalytic stability at 600 ℃. In comparison to PBC, the PBCYb0.05 exhibits accelerated oxygen transport kinetics and higher oxygen vacancy concentration, confirmed by the analyses of electrical conductivity relaxation and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. When implemented as the air electrode in PCFCs, PBCYb0.05 delivers an outstanding peak power density (PPD) of 2.25 W/cm2 at 700 ℃, representing a high enhancement over undoped PBC cells.
Novel 2D/1D MXene/Bi5O7I Schottky junction for photocatalytic degradation of bisphenol AF by peroxymonosulfate-assisted photocatalysis
Feihu Mu, Benlin Dai, Chuxuan Dai, Xiaozhong Chu, Jiming Xu, Junyu Shen, Wei Zhao, Guohui Dong
2026, 37(9): 111866  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111866
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Considering the urgency of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) management, a novel 2D MXene/1D Bi5O7I Schottky junction photocatalyst was constructed for the degradation of bisphenol AF (BPAF) by peroxymonosulfate (PMS)-assisted photocatalytic system. Under visible light, the 8-MXene/Bi5O7I/PMS system could degrade 93.4% (0.02984 min-1) of BPAF at 90 min, which was 5.04 and 3.35 times that of Bi5O7I and MXene/Bi5O7I, respectively. This demonstrated the synergistic interaction between photocatalysis and PMS activation, and the ability of MXene to promote the reaction. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations combined with experiments revealed the catalytic reaction mechanism of the system. Additionally, based on Gaussian calculations, the key intermediates of the degradation process were proposed. This study provides a new insight into PMS-assisted photocatalytic systems for effective degradation of organic pollutants.
Water-soluble thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole-based AIEgens for universal and Level 3 resolved latent fingerprint visualization
Yumei Wu, Zhengjun Chen, Yuan Shen, Deying Tang, Huaiyu Mo, Zihan Chen, Hongyu Li, Zhe Zheng, Chunju Li, Jie Gao, Zeli Yuan
2026, 37(9): 111889  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111889
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Latent fingerprints (LFPs) serve as indispensable forensic evidence, yet achieving visualization to Level 3 detail, crucial for conclusive identification, remains highly challenging due to poor contrast, substrate limitations, operational toxicity, and aggregation-caused quenching of classic methods. Here, we present a water-soluble thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole (TzTz)-based aggregation-induced emission (AIE) luminogen, TPA-TzTz-OH, rationally designed to address these issues. This probe, integrating triphenylamine electron donors, a TzTz π-bridge, and a pyridinium acceptor, enables a distinctive fluorescence "off−on" switch upon visible light (425 nm) excitation, visualizing LFPs within 40 s, completely avoiding organic solvents or post-processing. TPA-TzTz-OH offers broad substrate compatibility, producing high-contrast, high-fidelity fingerprint images on metals, glass, plastics, ceramics, and wood, consistently resolving sweat pores and ridge microstructures (Level 3 features) essential for individualization. Mechanistic studies indicate that restricted intramolecular motion upon specific binding to fingerprint lipids (oleic acid and cholesterol) triggers pronounced AIE enhancement, with electrostatic and hydrogen-bonding interactions enabling specificity. The probe exhibits excellent biocompatibility (>85% cell viability at working concentration), retains efficacy for aged fingerprints (≥10 days), and can be used via immersion or spraying. Comparison with control derivatives confirms the synergistic importance of both the pyridinium charge and hydroxyl group in realizing these unique advantages. This work establishes TPA-TzTz-OH as a promising, sustainable solution for high-resolution forensic visualization, bridging fundamental AIE photophysics and real-world criminalistics while providing a greener and safer technique over conventional methods.
Thiophosphoryl pyridinol/pyrimidinol-based probes for covalent and fluorescent sensing of intracellular Cu2+
Zhiyuan Qi, Jing Chen, Wenhao Xie, Zhibei Qu, Motonari Uesugi, Lu Zhou
2026, 37(9): 111924  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111924
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Copper (Cu) is essential for life, with its redox cycling (Cu+/Cu2+) underpinning key biological processes. Although significant progress has been made in developing fluorescent probes for Cu+, reliable tools for detecting intracellular Cu2+ remain limited, leaving a critical gap in the bioinorganic chemistry toolkit. To address this need, we developed an activity-based sensing (ABS) strategy for live-cell Cu2+ detection that leverages Cu2+-dependent bioorthogonal conjugation. Specifically, we engineered thiophosphoryl pyridinol/pyrimidinol dyes that undergo Cu2+-mediated activation, enabling covalent labeling of proximal proteins within intracellular Cu2+-enriched microdomains and concomitant turn-on fluorescence. This work not only offers a powerful tool for detecting intracellular Cu2+ fluctuations under exogenous stimuli but also proposes thiophosphorylated pyridinol/pyrimidinol scaffolds as a versatile platform for future intracellular Cu2+ sensing applications.
Stimuli-responsive codelivery of apatinib and doxorubicin potentiates chemotherapy efficacy in breast cancer
Tingting Li, Yunchu Zhang, Siyao Che, Yuanyuan Zhang, Yin Wu, Weiling Zhuo, Xifeng Zhang, Wanyu Wang, Jiaqi Zheng, Xiang Gao, Yuzhu Hu, Ting Luo
2026, 37(9): 111936  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111936
[摘要]  (32) [HTML全文] (32) [PDF 1413KB] (0)
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The escalating incidence of breast cancer threatens to women's health, underscoring the urgent need for the development of new therapies with reduced toxicity and increased efficacy. Combination therapy strategy holds promising potential to improve therapeutic outcomes, however, most chemotherapeutic drugs agents are hindered by poor water solubility and non-specific toxicity. The combination of chemotherapy drugs with targeted therapies represents a reliable approach. In this study, we designed a combination regimen utilizing the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin (Dox) alongside the anti-angiogenic drug apatinib (AP) for breast cancer treatment. Methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-disulfide-poly(lactic acid) (PEG-SS-PLA) and cyclo(Arg-Gly-Asp-D-Tyr-Cys) conjugated PEG-PLA (cRGD-PEG-PLA) were prepared to achieve both reductive response and active targeting for co-delivery of drugs. The self-assembled drug-loaded micelles exhibited an average particle size of 61.50 nm. Our findings indicate that AP significantly enhances Dox uptake in breast cancer cells. Cellular and animal experimental results consistently demonstrated that the AP+Dox/cRGD-m effectively promotes apoptosis of breast cancer cells, while markedly inhibiting tumor growth and pulmonary metastasis. Additionally, AP+Dox/cRGD-m is biodegradable and sustainable, exhibiting a favorable safety profile in vivo. This study suggests that AP+Dox/cRGD-m may have potential clinical application in the treatment of breast cancer.
Folic acid-modified erythrocyte membrane enhances targeted delivery of biomimetic nanoplatforms for hepatocellular carcinoma therapy
Hang Xiao, Hongyu Zhong, Shiqi Yang, Kunwei Li, Jing Su, Faisal Raza, Mingfeng Qiu
2026, 37(9): 111937  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111937
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Liver cancer, particularly hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. The therapeutic potential of norcantharidin (NCTD), a small-molecule chemotherapeutic agent, is often limited by its rapid systemic clearance and dose-dependent nephrotoxicity. Here, a novel folic acid (FA)-modified erythrocyte membrane (EM)-coated nanoplatform (FA/EM@PEI-NCTD) was developed to improve tumor targeting, prolong circulation, and mitigate renal toxicity. This nanoplatform preserves CD47 expression, transmitting “don't eat me” signal to evade macrophage uptake. In vitro, FA/EM@PEI-NCTD showed enhanced cytotoxicity against HCC cells and favorable drug release kinetics with low hemolytic activity. In vivo, the system demonstrated superior tumor targeting, growth inhibition, prolonged survival, and reduced nephrotoxicity. Mechanistically, the treatment promoted apoptosis in H22 cells by upregulating Bax and caspase-3 while downregulating Bcl-2. These results highlight FA/EM@PEI-NCTD as a promising strategy for safe and effective targeted HCC therapy.
Deep eutectic solvent-mediated local delivery of Cacumen Platycladi essential oil against androgenetic alopecia
Dingmei Zhang, Yaping Liu, Sirui Liu, Jun Wu, Zhenfeng Wu, Wei He
2026, 37(9): 111942  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111942
[摘要]  (33) [HTML全文] (33) [PDF 1020KB] (0)
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Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common type of hair loss in clinical practice. Currently, the approved clinically used regimens for the treatment of alopecia include topical administration of minoxidil and oral finasteride. However, the two treatment approaches always demonstrate adverse effects and safety concerns. In the study, an aqueous transdermal delivery system (AqEDs) of Cacumen Platycladi essential oil (EO) was developed for the treatment of AGA, using deep eutectic solvent (DES) to solubilize the complex components of EOs. The AqEDs can stabilize EOs and allows transdermal delivery through lipid extraction with keratin conformational changes. AqEDs induced more significant hair regrowth effects in AGA model mice at a lower dosing frequency compared to minoxidil. This study potentially provides a safer and more effective strategy for the treatment of AGA.
NIR-activated phototherapy for targeted therapy of MRSA-induced wound infection and pneumonia
Qijia Sun, Wenhai Lin, Ranwei Li, Qingxuan Li, Ke Wang, Zhigang Xie
2026, 37(9): 111970  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111970
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The multidrug resistance and robust biofilm-forming capacity of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) present significant challenges to clinical therapy, underscoring the urgent need for the effective antibacterial strategies. While synergistic approaches combining photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) exhibit considerable promise, their efficacy is frequently constrained by limitations in targeted delivery to bacteria and biofilms. This study developed a multifunctional nanoparticle (BDPV) through the conjugation of vancomycin (VAN) with distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine-polyethylene glycol 2000 (DSPE-PEG2000) and the encapsulation of a 4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene derivative (BODIPY) possessing both photodynamic and photothermal properties. BDPV employs a dual-targeting mechanism: (1) VAN enables specific targeting of peptidoglycan in the bacterial cell wall; (2) under the conditions of infection microenvironments, BODIPY undergoes protonation, resulting in charge reversal from negative to positive, thereby enhancing electrostatic interaction to bacteria. Upon irradiation with the near-infrared (NIR) laser, BDPV synergistically generates potent photodynamic and photothermal antibacterial effects, which facilitates highly efficient targeting and effective eradication of drug-resistant bacterial infections. Furthermore, BDPV demonstrated remarkable therapeutic efficacy in both deep-tissue infection models (pneumonia) and superficial infection models (skin wounds). This strategy provides a promising new approach for overcoming drug-resistant bacterial infections and treating associated biofilm-related diseases.
Strong p-d orbital hybridization in Pd-Sb intermetallic nanodisks boosts ethanol electrooxidation
Sumei Han, Chaoqun Ma, Fukai Feng, Xinran Jiao, Xiao Ma, Caihong He, Huaifang Zhang, Gang Lin, Xiangmin Meng, Jing Xia, Qinbai Yun, Wenbin Cao, Qipeng Lu
2026, 37(9): 111974  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111974
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Palladium (Pd)-based catalysts are commonly used for ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) in direct ethanol fuel cells, but their performance is hindered by sluggish kinetics and CO poisoning. Engineering p-d orbital hybridization between p-block metals and Pd can optimize the electronic properties and thus boosting the electrocatalytic activities. Therefore, Pd8Sb3 intermetallic nanodisks (NDs) with an unconventional trigonal phase are synthesized through a simple hydrothermal method, promoting a strong p-d hybridization between Pd and Sb. These Pd8Sb3 NDs exhibit exceptional EOR performance with a mass activity of 4.6 A/mg, approximately six times as high as commercial Pd/C. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations confirm that p-d hybridization optimizes intermediates adsorption and reduces reaction energy barriers. This work provides an effective pathway to fabricate strong p-d orbital hybridization and enhance the catalytic performance of Pd-based catalysts for renewable energy applications.
Glucose/ROS dual-responsive hydrogel loaded with mangiferin accelerates diabetic wound healing
Lele Meng, Ruhe Zhang, Liying Wang, Yuanzheng Wang, Bo Li, Long Chen
2026, 37(9): 111981  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111981
[摘要]  (33) [HTML全文] (33) [PDF 1055KB] (0)
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Diabetic wounds are characterized by local oxidative stress, bacterial infection, and persistent inflammation, all of which hinder effective clinical healing. To address these challenges, we developed a glucose/reactive oxygen species (ROS) dual-responsive hydrogel (hyaluronic acid-phenylboronic acid (HA-PBA)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/mangiferin (MF), HPM) composed of HA-PBA and PVA. This hydrogel incorporates MF, a bioactive compound with multiple therapeutic properties, through dynamic boronate ester bonds, enabling stimulus-responsive drug release tailored to the diabetic wound microenvironment, thereby enhancing wound repair. Physicochemical analyses demonstrated that HPM exhibits a favorable porous structure, excellent swelling behavior, appropriate rheological characteristics, and self-healing capability. In vitro studies revealed that HPM effectively scavenges ROS, inhibits bacterial proliferation, attenuates inflammation, and promotes angiogenesis. In a diabetic rat model, HPM significantly accelerated wound closure, as indicated by enhanced epithelial regeneration, increased collagen deposition, improved neovascularization, and suppressed inflammatory. Moreover, biocompatibility evaluations confirmed the excellent biosafety of HPM both in vitro and in vivo. This multifunctional hydrogel dressing, combining glucose and ROS sensitivity with robust therapeutic efficacy and biocompatibility, offers a promising strategy for diabetic wound management.
Synergistic photocatalysis and biochemical reactivity in MXene/CuO2 nanofibrous membrane for enhanced sterilization and tissue regeneration in chronic skin wounds
Mingxiao Liu, Wenzhuo Zheng, Jianru Yi, Jiahe Li, Jiyao Li, Yi Deng, Fusong Yuan, Kunneng Liang, Zhihe Zhao
2026, 37(9): 111985  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111985
[摘要]  (32) [HTML全文] (32) [PDF 1409KB] (0)
摘要:
Chronic skin wounds with persistent bacterial infections present a formidable clinical challenge, characterized by recurrent infections and delayed healing. These issues stem from incomplete bacterial eradication, a lack of sustained antibacterial ability, and slow tissue repair. We developed a dual-responsive nanocatalytic membrane to address these limitations for advanced infected chronic wound management. This platform integrates MXene/CuO2 bio-heterojunctions (MX/CO bio-HJs) with polydopamine (PDA) and electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds, creating a multifunctional system that synergistically enhances debridement and regeneration. Diverging from traditional dressings, this membrane leverages near-infrared (NIR) light to trigger robust antibacterial action through synergistic photodynamic (PDT) and photothermal (PTT) therapies, ensuring complete sterilization. In the absence of NIR, it autonomously responds to the infection microenvironments (IMEs) by initiating Fenton-like cascades via chemodynamic therapy (CDT) and metal-ion therapy (MIT), sustaining reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and Cu2+ ions release to prevent recurrent infections. Simultaneously, the released Cu2+ ions enhance vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression, fostering angiogenesis and hastening wound closure, thus reducing infection risks linked to prolonged exposure. In vivo studies demonstrate rapid bacterial elimination, significant remodeling of the wound milieu, and enhanced epithelialization, collagen deposition, and vascularization. This innovative design overcomes the deficiencies of existing modalities, offering a NIR/IMEs dual-responsive approach to managing chronic infected wounds with precision and efficacy.
Synthesis of hyperbranched polymers from epoxide and acrylate: An effective polyether/polyacrylate compatibilizer
Wei Wang, Tian-Jun Yue, Xiang-Yu Fu, Xiao-Hui Guo, Ge-Ge Gu, Xiao-Bing Lu, Wei-Min Ren
2026, 37(9): 112015  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.112015
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摘要:
Hyperbranched polymers (HBPs) comprising polyether and polyacrylate segments are effective for enhancing the performance of polyether and polyacrylate blends. However, this approach is limited by difficulties associated with efficient synthetic strategies and structural modifications. Herein, we develop a strategy for synthesizing HBPs through the copolymerization of epoxides and acrylates, wherein glycidyl acrylate (GA), a bifunctional monomer comprising epoxy and acrylate groups, was added as the branching point. The dinuclear Cr-complex-catalyzed copolymerization of epoxides and acrylates occurred in a monomer reactivity-determined manner. By varying the feed ratio of GA, HBPs with various branching degrees were accessed, attaining HBPs with different molecular weights. Furthermore, the obtained HBPs are effective in promoting the mechanical performances of polyether and polyacrylate blends. Morphological characterization revealed that the incorporation of HBPs into blends improved the microphase fusion of immiscible domains within the blend, highlighting their excellent compatibilization performances.
Exosome-liposome hybrid system with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities targeting glial cells for the treatment of central nervous system diseases
Yutong Chen, Shuting Guo, Mingrui Fan, Songlin Yang, Qiuxia Lin, Jiafeng Zou, Junyuan Xu, Tongtong Zheng, Kangtai He, Feng Gao, Yanzuo Chen
2026, 37(9): 112027  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.112027
[摘要]  (30) [HTML全文] (30) [PDF 1262KB] (0)
摘要:
Central nervous system diseases (CNSDs), such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and depression, have attracted considerable attention due to their high morbidity and mortality rates. Neuronal damage in CNSDs is primarily driven by inflammation and oxidative stress induced by activated astrocytes and microglia. Thus, new therapeutic strategies are urgently needed that not only enable effective drug delivery across the blood-brain barrier (BBB), but also specifically target lesions while exerting antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects on glial cells. To address this challenge, we developed an exosome-liposome hybrid system targeting glial cells co-loaded with fisetin (FIS) and pioglitazone (PIO) (RMP7-EL-FIS-PIO). This hybrid system crosses the BBB through the B2 bradykinin receptor-mediated opening and takes advantage of the homing properties of exosomes to accumulate at the site of brain lesions in murine models of PD and of depression. Through receptor-ligand binding and phagocytosis, the hybrid system targets glial cells to deliver drugs that inhibit their activation, thus protecting neurons. Our study demonstrates the great potential of the developed exosome-liposome hybrid system for the targeted treatment of CNSDs.
Real-time analysis of pyriproxyfen using FA1-targeting albumin-based supramolecular probe with enhanced anti-interference performance
Mingjun Yang, Zhongyong Xu, Lei Wang, Mingle Li, Xiaoqiang Chen, Bin Liu, Xiaojun Peng
2026, 37(9): 112028  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.112028
[摘要]  (33) [HTML全文] (33) [PDF 902KB] (0)
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Given the widespread use of pyriproxyfen (PPF) in public health and agricultural pest management, accurate residue monitoring is critical to ensuring food safety, preserving ecological equilibrium, and protecting human health. While fluorescent sensing techniques represent promising paradigm for PPF detection, existing probes often lack rapid response and high specificity. To address this issue, we present the development of a novel FA1-targeting albumin-based supramolecular probe (DOCD@ALB) for the ratiometric detection of PPF. The strategy design minimizes competitive interference from DS1-binding compounds (e.g., epicatechin), thereby significantly improving its detection accuracy and specificity. When integrated with a smartphone-assisted portable sensing device, the DOCD@ALB system enables on-site PPF quantification in tea matrices, demonstrating its clear translational potential. These findings highlight the pivotal role of binding site selection in modulating the sensing performance of the supramolecular probe system, offering a robust analytical tool with implications for food safety surveillance and environmental protection.
Dual-functional solid additives enable morphology and energy loss regulation for high-efficiency and stable organic photovoltaics
Xinhao Zhong, Lingling Zhan, Yaxin Yang, Lu Wei, Tianyi Chen, Rui Sun, Jie Min, Hongxiang Li, Pei Cheng, Shouchun Yin, Hongzheng Chen
2026, 37(9): 112029  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.112029
[摘要]  (31) [HTML全文] (31) [PDF 1067KB] (0)
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Solid additives have emerged as effective tools for morphology regulation in organic photovoltaics (OPVs), yet simultaneous control over donor and acceptor domains remains challenging. Here, we report a dual-functional solid additive, NSA2, designed to optimize vertical phase distribution and suppress energy loss in PM6:Y6 systems. Compared to the control device with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16.28%, NSA2-incorporated devices achieve a PCE of 18.51%, and up to 19.31% using a layer-by-layer structure with co-additive (DIB). Detailed characterization reveals improved π-π stacking, prolonged crystallization, reduced trap-assisted and bimolecular recombination, and enhanced charge transport. Notably, the non-radiative energy loss (ΔE3) is reduced from 0.214 eV to 0.204 eV, contributing to higher open-circuit voltage. The additive also improves device stability and shows broad compatibility, across other acceptor systems (BTP-eC9-based binary device), achieving PCE of 19.68%. This work demonstrates a general and scalable strategy for designing multifunctional solid additives to boost efficiency and stability in high-performance OPVs.
Polycation-based miRNA delivery system for choroidal neovascularization treatment
Qiannan Cao, Yu Liang, Weiyi Xia, Anna Guo, Mingxia Jiang, Lai Yang, Qiaoyan Dong, Wenming Zheng, Yingli Yao, Siting Zhang, Huilin Yuan, Pijun Su, Rongmei Zhou, Songyu Xu, Bo Chen, Jing Yao, Huapan Fang, Huayu Tian
2026, 37(9): 112031  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.112031
[摘要]  (31) [HTML全文] (31) [PDF 753KB] (0)
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MicroRNA (miRNA)-based therapeutics hold great promise for the treatment of ocular fundus diseases. However, naked miRNAs exhibit poor stability in vivo, are readily degraded by nucleases in body fluids, and their negative charge hinders efficient uptake by target cells. Therefore, a safe and effective nucleic acid delivery system is essential. In this study, we developed an efficient and safe polycationic nucleic acid carrier by modifying polyethyleneimine (PEI) with p-toluenesulfonyl chloride (i.e., PEI-T3). The introduction of tosyl groups onto PEI enhanced the hydrophobic interactions between polymer and cell membrane, and contributed to the cellular uptake of miRNA. Intravitreal injection of PEI-T3/miRNA complexes caused negligible effects on retinal structure and function and did not induce neurotoxicity. Using microRNA-578 (miR-578) as the therapeutic gene, PEI-T3/miR-578 treatment effectively downregulated the levels of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), suppressed the proliferation, migration, and tube formation of vascular endothelial cells. In a choroidal neovascularization (CNV) model, a single dose of PEI-T3/miR-578 significantly relieved the disease progression and showed an excellent in vivo safety profile. This study provides a valuable reference for the in vivo delivery of miRNAs using polymeric carriers for the treatment of ocular fundus diseases.
Discovery of 2-oxopiperazine derivatives as novel GPX4 inhibitors for the treatment of oral cancer
Anxiang Yang, Sunkai Gu, Ziyi Jiao, Yuhao Feng, Hui Sun, Guanyu Yang, Minghui Gao, Tao Zeng, Benxin Hou, Ling Huang, Xiaokun Wang, Congjun Xu, Haibin Luo
2026, 37(9): 112063  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.112063
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Inducing ferroptosis is a promising strategy for oral cancer therapy, but existing inducers often lack selectivity and possess poor drug-like properties. Our preliminary work identified 26a as a potent ferroptosis inducer targeting glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), yet its selectivity and safety needed improvement. In this study, we designed a series of hybrid molecules by integrating the privileged fragment of 26a with the known GPX4 inhibitor ML210. Subsequent structural modifications led to the discovery of XW19, a novel structural scaffold exhibiting GPX4 inhibitory activity. XW19 demonstrated enhanced ferroptosis-inducing potency and highly selectivity (selectivity index (SI) = 1200) as well as inhibitory effects against oral cancer (half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values ranging from 0.71 µmol/L to 2.39 µmol/L). Cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA) confirmed the strong binding affinity of XW19 with GPX4. Notably, XW19 exhibited significant tumor suppression and an improved safety profile in a nude mouse model bearing Cal27 ectopic xenografts, positioning XW19 as a promising therapeutic candidate for oral cancer treatment.
Bioassay- and molecular network-guided discovery of PPAP derivatives from Hypericum monogynum with inhibitory activity against cardiac valve calcification
Bingchuan Geng, Jiangchun Wei, Dan Hu, Xingpiao Jin, Pingping Fan, Yahui Huang, Xiaoxuan Duan, Yipin Zhao, Yonghui Zhang, Zhengxi Hu
2026, 37(9): 112069  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.112069
[摘要]  (32) [HTML全文] (32) [PDF 1479KB] (0)
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Bioassay- and molecular network-guided isolation of the extract from Hypericum monogynum led to the identification of five polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinol (PPAP) derivatives, including a previously unreported bis-seco compound, hypermonane A (HMA, 1). HMA possesses a unique 3/6-5/6/5 pentacyclic scaffold, characterized by C-1/C-2 and C-2/C-3 bond cleavage. In addition to HMA, four structurally related biosynthetic analogs (2–5) were also obtained. Its structure was elucidated using computer-assisted structure elucidation (CASE) software and gauge-independent atomic orbital (GIAO)-based nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) calculations. The absolute configuration of 1 was determined through comparison of experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. Biological investigations revealed that HMA potently inhibited aortic valve calcification by simultaneously suppressing osteogenic differentiation (runt-related transcription factor 2/alkaline phosphatase, RUNX2/ALP) and extracellular matrix remodeling (collagen type Ⅰ alpha 1 chain/a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motif 4, COL1A1/ADAMTS4). Moreover, in a murine model of calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD), HMA significantly attenuated pathological aortic valve calcification. These findings highlight HMA as a promising lead compound for the development of anti-CAVD therapeutics.
Dissolved microneedle loading polydopamine nanoparticles induced tumor-associated macrophage polarization and promoted dendritic cell maturation for tumor immunotherapy
Ping Sun, Nansha Gao, Li Yang, Yao Yang, Li Huang, Hongzhong Chen, Hualin Ma, Xiaowei Zeng
2026, 37(9): 112071  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.112071
[摘要]  (30) [HTML全文] (30) [PDF 934KB] (0)
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Microneedles (MNs) represent a rapidly evolving transdermal drug delivery method, with ongoing development efforts focused on overcoming challenges such as limited drug loading and pore occlusion. Herein, we report dissolvable MNs vaccine with excellent drug loading as well as other positive features that make it an ideal delivery carrier in tumor immunotherapy. This study employs a biodegradable polydopamine-based nano-delivery system to co-encapsulate both Toll-like receptor 7/8 agonist resiquimod (R848) and ovalbumin (OVA) antigens, which are subsequently incorporated into MN patches to achieve synergistic photothermal-immunotherapeutic effects. The MN vaccine targets tumor sites via transdermal administration, exhibiting significant therapeutic efficacy by enabling deep tissue drug release and maintaining prolonged therapeutic levels for at least 3 days. The MN tips are rapidly degraded under photothermal action to release R848 and OVA, can effectively polarizes the tumor-associated macrophages to M1-type macrophages and activate dendritic cells to enhance immune response in vivo, thereby, the MN vaccines have shown excellent efficacy and good safety, resulting in a sufficient and persistent anti-tumor cellular immune response with potent tumor immunotherapeutic efficacy. In brief, this study demonstrates that MN administration successfully delivers polydopamine-based nanotherapeutics to tumor sites and validates their anti-tumor efficacy.
Stratum corneum-inspired all-natural-based biogel dressing for promoting infected wound healing
Zhi-Guo Wang, Wen-Ling Du, Jing Sun, Jun-Jie Xiao, Yuan-Yuan Mou, Xue Xiao, Lingli Li, Lin Zeng, Bai-Song Zhao, Jia-Zhuang Xu, Min Yang, Zhong-Ming Li
2026, 37(9): 112072  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.112072
[摘要]  (31) [HTML全文] (31) [PDF 1777KB] (0)
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Natural material-based hydrogels have emerged as ideal candidates for serving as infected wound dressings relying on the extracellular matrix-like microstructure, biocompatibility and the supplying of the wet healing microenvironment. Nevertheless, these hydrogels suffer from limitations including the weak mechanical property, poor water retention ability and inadequate antibacterial property. Herein, we develop a stratum corneum-inspired all-natural-based biogel dressing by directly incorporating natural moisturizing factor (NMF) into gelatin/chitosan quaternary ammonium salt (QCS) hydrogels without necessitating any chemical modification. The sodium pyrrolidone carboxylic acid (PCA-Na, an NMF compound) equipping carboxyl groups forms the ionic crosslink with gelatin containing protonated amino groups and QCS involving quaternary ammonium groups by electrostatic interaction, leading to a significant melioration in the mechanical strength of the biogel. The highly hydrophilic PCA-Na contributes to form additional hydrogen bonds and heighten resistance to dehydration of the biogel, mimicking the role of NMF in the stratum corneum. The excellent broad-spectrum antibacterial property, temperature-controlled reversible fluid-gel transition property and complete degradability are also gathered. A Staphylococcus aureus-infected full-thickness wound repair experiment manifests that our biogel effectively promotes infected wound healing by inhibiting inflammatory factors, facilitating formation of the granulation tissue and angiogenesis. This work paves a valuable way for designing multifunctional natural material-based hydrogel dressings.
Regulation of catalytic efficiency and enantioselectivity for supramolecular chiral polyaniline@Pt-Nix nanocomposites as nanozymes via tunable alloy composition
Chu Wang, Zheng Xi, Rufang Zhao, Xiaohuan Sun, Jie Han, Rong Guo
2026, 37(9): 112125  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.112125
[摘要]  (37) [HTML全文] (37) [PDF 1003KB] (0)
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Nanozymes have demonstrated significant potential as robust enzyme-mimicking catalysts due to their high stability, low cost and easy preparation. However, achieving precise enantioselective control of nanozymes remains a significant challenge. In this study, the supramolecular chiral nanozymes were engineered by integrating supramolecular chiral polyaniline (P/M-PANI) scaffolds with platinum-nickel nanoparticles (Pt-Nix NPs). The resulting P/M-PANI@Pt-Nix nanozymes exhibited high catalytic activity toward the oxidation of 3,4-dihydroxy-S/R-phenylalanine (S/R-DOPA). Moreover, systematic modulation of the Pt/Ni atomic ratio in Pt-Nix NPs enabled precise regulation of interfacial interactions and chiral transfer effects, thereby optimizing enantioselectivity. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations further revealed that the distinct adsorption energies of DOPA and its oxidation products on Pt-Nix surfaces directly correlated with the observed catalytic efficiency trends. This work demonstrated that compositional tuning of catalytic centers is an effective strategy for manipulating both catalytic efficiency and enantioselectivity, providing valuable insights for the rational design of smart supramolecular chiral nanozymes.
Mitochondria-targeted and magnetic resonance imaging of water-stable trilobate-shaped nonanuclear lanthanide clusters
Meng-Juan Tang, Zhong-Hong Zhu, Hai-Ling Wang, Fu-Pei Liang, Hua-Hong Zou
2026, 37(9): 112126  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.112126
[摘要]  (31) [HTML全文] (31) [PDF 1713KB] (0)
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The construction of lanthanide nanoclusters that are stable in aqueous solution is challenging, which has led to a sluggish application in the field of bioimaging. Herein, a chelating ligand protection strategy was used to construct nonanuclear lanthanide clusters (Ln9, Ln = Eu, Dy, and Gd) that is stable in aqueous solution. The first fluorescence imaging performance of lanthanide clusters targeting mitochondrial organelles was achieved, with colocalization coefficients of up to 0.96 (MCF-7) and 0.93 (MDA-MB-231) with commercial mitochondrial dyes, respectively. Eu9 can be rapidly taken up by zebrafish and shows excellent fluorescence imaging results, demonstrating its excellent in vivo imaging performance. In addition, the longitudinal and transverse relaxation rates r1 and r2 of Gd9 with highly aggregated Gd(Ⅲ) ions are 39.42 and 50.58 mmol L−1 s−1, respectively, showing great application potential as a new and efficient T1-weighted nanocluster-based magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents.
Selective meta-C-H trifluoromethylation of pyridines via 1,4-dihydropyridinephosphonate
Wanqiu Zhao, Aijia Zhang, Qingyun Huang, Pingping Tang
2026, 37(9): 112133  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.112133
[摘要]  (28) [HTML全文] (28) [PDF 1070KB] (0)
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The meta-selective trifluoromethylation of pyridines has remained a significant challenge due to the inherent electronic constraints of the aromatic system. This study developed a novel dearomatization-rearomatization strategy based on 1,4-dihydropyridinephosphonate intermediates, which underwent copper-catalyzed regioselective C–CF3 bond formation with Togni Ⅱ reagent followed by DABCO-promoted rearomatization, achieving highly regioselective meta-C-H trifluoromethylation of pyridine derivatives. This approach accommodated mostly meta-substituted pyridine substrates and enabled late-stage meta-C-H trifluoromethylation of pharmaceutical molecules containing pyridine motifs.
Enantioselective synthesis of inherently chiral calix[4]arenes via asymmetric C-H bromination of phenols
Mengyao Yuan, Wansen Xie, Xiaoyu Yang
2026, 37(9): 112157  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.112157
[摘要]  (29) [HTML全文] (29) [PDF 1465KB] (0)
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Inherently chiral calix[4]arenes (ICCs) represent a unique class of chiral macrocyclic arenes, which hold significant potentials in chiral recognition, sensing, and asymmetric catalysis. However, accessing these distinct chiral molecules poses notable challenges, with their catalytic enantioselective synthesis being largely underdeveloped. Herein, we report an efficient enantioselective synthesis of ICCs using an asymmetric C-H brominative desymmetrization strategy. Utilizing the chiral phosphoric acid-catalyzed asymmetric electrophilic aromatic ortho-bromination reaction of phenol, we successfully broke the symmetry of prochiral calix[4]arenes, which resulted in the formation of various 1,3-bis-phenyl rings-substituted ICCs with good yields and high enantioselectivities. Moreover, the asymmetric di-bromination of bis-phenol-containing prochiral calix[4]arenes was demonstrated, yielding ICCs featuring three or even four rings displaying various modifications with high enantioselectivity. Leveraging the versatility of the introduced bromide handle and the phenolic hydroxyl group in the ICC products, a range of derivatizations were performed to produce diverse ICC derivatives, one of which exhibited notable chiroptical properties, highlighting the significance of this method.
Dinuclear Ni enabled reductive diarylation of dienes: Intramolecular comproportionation as the key mechanistic driver
Xiaolong Qi, Xueli Lv, Lin Gao, Jiwen Jiao, Minyan Wang, Xiaoming Wang
2026, 37(9): 112189  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.112189
[摘要]  (34) [HTML全文] (34) [PDF 1325KB] (0)
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The variable oxidation states of nickel catalysts play an essential yet elusive role in reductive coupling reactions, wherein the rapid conversion of nickel species with different oxidation states into NiⅠ has been recognized as a crucial factor in controlling the catalytic turnover and inhibiting side reactions. Beyond the popular strategies for reductive (re)generation of NiⅠ species, spontaneous comproportionation of Ni0 and NiⅡ species can form NiⅠ during catalysis, which is an approach holding great promises yet still relatively underexplored in catalysis. Herein, we transform the intermolecular comproportionation into an entropically more favorable intramolecular pathway by taking advantage of a tetradentate nitrogen ligand (dppn), which effectively brings two catalytic Ni centers in close proximity. This strategy enables ready generation of catalytically active NiⅠ species for reductive diarylation of dienes with aryl iodides using Mn as the terminal reductant. Mechanistic studies reveal that the dppn ligand facilitates the assembly of a dinickel complex, where one nickel acts as the catalytic site for oxidative addition and coupling while the other nickel functions as an electron reservoir. The intramolecular comproportionation pathway establishes a robust strategy for accessing the often fleeting and elusive NiⅠ intermediates critical in forging C–C bonds in the reductive coupling reactions.
Three-step cascade artificial light-harvesting system for photooxidation reaction based on cation-pillar[5]arene
Guangping Sun, Menglian Hu, Lujie Wu, Danping Zhu, Weixuan Ji, Yan Sun, Menghang Li, Jinli Zhu, Yanfeng Tang, Yong Yao
2026, 37(9): 112190  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.112190
[摘要]  (33) [HTML全文] (33) [PDF 905KB] (0)
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A three-step cascade artificial light-harvesting system was constructed by the supramolecular assembly of cation-pillar[5]arene (CP5), tetraphenylethene-sulfonate (TPESF), 4,7-di(2-thienyl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (DBT), sulforhodamine 101 (SR101) and chlorin e6 (Ce6). Inspired by the aggregate state in nanoparticles, CP5-TPESF nanoparticles emitted significant blue fluorescence as FRET donors because of TPESF's AIE effect. Due to the donor emission overlapping the acceptors' absorption, a three-step sequential energy transfer process was successfully constructed in CP5-TPESF-DBT-SR101-Ce6 nanoparticles, which achieved the significant energy transfer efficiency of 87% and antenna effect of 30.8. Benefitting to three-step cascade light-harvesting process and energy transfer to Ce6, Ce6* was excited to release 1O2 in CP5-TPESF-DBT-SR101-Ce6 nanoparticles, which was used as efficient photooxidation catalyst to realize the photooxidation reaction of 4-(methylthio)toluene to 4-(methylsulfinyl)toluene. Notably, the photooxidation yield of CP5-TPESF-DBT-SR101-Ce6 LHS was significantly improved to 89%, suggesting potential in converting solar energy to chemical energy storage.
pH-mediated selective self-assembly in the mitochondria of cancer cells for synergetic ferroptosis
Xuan Wu, Ming Liu, Xiao Wang, Jie Niu, Ting-Long Zhuang, Xiaohuan Sun, Liqi Zhu, Quan Zhang, Jie Han, Rong Guo
2026, 37(9): 112198  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.112198
[摘要]  (33) [HTML全文] (33) [PDF 1819KB] (0)
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Selective targeting to the subcellular organelle of cancer cells could provide a novel method to realize precise in situ self-assembly for enhanced therapeutic efficiency. Herein, a series of cationic compounds have been synthesized to investigate their subcellular targeting abilities, we found the amino group functionalized planar cationic molecules could selectively locate in the mitochondria of cancer cells (Pearson's coefficient > 0.9), while in the lysosomes of normal cells (Pearson's coefficient > 0.9). Moreover, due to the intermolecular hydrogen bond, the TPE derivative (TPE-NH2) was selected to investigate the in situ self-assembly behavior with negatively charged molecules in the mitochondria of MB49 cancer cells, which could impair the mitochondrial membrane, leading to the elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS), downregulating glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) protein, and finally resulting in LPO for ferroptosis. Moreover, the aggregation-enhanced ROS generation ability of TPE-NH2 made it an ideal candidate for PDT. Under the white light irradiation, the synergetic ferroptosis could be realized to suppress the cancer cell proliferation. Finally, this in situ self-assembly for synergetic therapy would also be realized in vivo to suppress the tumor growth.
Size-controlled synthesis of N-doped [10]CPPs and investigation on the variations of their binding affinities with fullerene
Tianlu Wu, Jiaojiao Yang, Yaru Liu, Chen Wang, Jiwen Zhang, Ren-Hui Zheng, Huan Yu, Rui Liu, Dapeng Lu
2026, 37(9): 112199  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.112199
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Cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs) and related carbon nanohoops have garnered significant research interest owing to their unique optoelectronic properties, charge transport characteristics, and host-guest chemistry. Nevertheless, the development of heteroatom-doped carbon nanorings, particularly nitrogen-doped (N-doped) systems, remains limited, and systematic investigations of their host-guest interactions are still scarce. In this work, we present the synthesis of a series of size-controlled aza[10]CPP derivatives designed as optimal hosts for fullerene C60 encapsulation. The acid-responsive optical properties of these N-doped nanorings were thoroughly examined through absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. Furthermore, we experimentally evaluated and theoretically analyzed the variations in their binding affinities toward C60, elucidating key structural factors that govern supramolecular complexation, including π-π stacking interactions, geometric adaptability, and charge distribution. These findings would provide new insights for advancing strained nanohoop systems in supramolecular chemistry and organic electronic applications.
Electrochemical α-glycosylation of exo-glycals
Jing Zhang, Chen-Fei Gao, Xin-Shan Ye, De-Cai Xiong
2026, 37(9): 112200  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.112200
[摘要]  (37) [HTML全文] (37) [PDF 3141KB] (0)
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Electrosynthesis has emerged as a powerful and sustainable strategy in organic chemistry, with growing applications in carbohydrate synthesis. Herein, we report an electrochemical method for the regio- and stereo-selective O-glycosylation of exo-glycals with a wide range of substrates under mild conditions. This approach employs simple setup in an undivided cell with KOTf as electrolyte, facilitating the efficient synthesis of bioactive O-glycosides in good yields and with exclusive α-selectivity. The reaction exhibits broad substrate compatibility, accommodating both sugar- and non-sugar-based acceptors, including complex natural products and pharmaceuticals. Furthermore, gram-scale reactions proceed without loss of efficiency or stereocontrol, underscoring the practicality of this method. Mechanistic studies suggest a radical cation-based pathway. This strategy provides a robust and scalable platform for O-glycosides synthesis.
Divergent reactions of indolyl vinyl isonitriles: A facile access to skeletally diverse carboline-based biheteroaryls
Yu Liu, Lan Bao, Xiang Lyu, Zhonglin Wang, Zhengrun Chen, Jinhuan Dong, Xianxiu Xu, Zhongyan Hu
2026, 37(9): 112201  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.112201
[摘要]  (30) [HTML全文] (30) [PDF 1139KB] (0)
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Skeletal transformations of heteroaromatic compounds via endocyclic bond cleavage have emerged as powerful tools in modern organic synthesis. Nonetheless, selective cleavage of the C2−N1 bond in indoles without the assistance of metal reagents or additives remains highly challenging, owing to the strong aromatic stabilization and intrinsic bond strength of the indole framework. Herein, we present a distinctive dimerization of C3-substituted indolyl vinyl isonitriles that proceeds through a sequential "head-to-head" cross-coupling, pyridannulation, and C2−N1 bond cleavage cascade. This transformation not only disrupts the indole core but also forges a new pyridine ring, thereby providing a metal-free and efficient route to highly functionalized 1-(2-pyridyl)-β-carbolines. Notably, an oxidative aromatic dimerization of C3- and C2-substituted heteroaryl vinyl isonitriles was developed, providing a modular route to bis-β-carbolines, bis-γ-carbolines, and their chalcogen analogues.
Synergistically enhancing mechanochromism of carbazole derivatives via crystallization and host-guest complexation
Luyao Wang, Mengqi Pei, Dongdong Sun, Jingjing Liu, Xie Han, Simin Liu
2026, 37(9): 112221  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.112221
[摘要]  (28) [HTML全文] (28) [PDF 785KB] (0)
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Constructing high-contrast mechanochromic luminescent (MCL) materials with a wide range of emission color variations remains challenging. Herein, a host-guest strategy is proposed to optimize molecular MCL behavior. Two pyridinium-functionalized carbazole derivatives only exhibit a slight red-shifted fluorescence under mechanical stimulation. By forming host-guest complexes with cucurbit[n]urils (CB[n]s, n = 8 or 10), the complexes demonstrate more significant fluorescence wavelength changes after grinding. Mechanistic studies reveal that the crystallization and CB[n]’s confinement effect, synergistically induce more twisted molecular conformations and facilitate the planarization of guests under mechanical stimulation. Moreover, the host-guest complexes also exhibit outstanding MCL property in the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film. This strategy is both conceptually and synthetically simple and provides a promising method for preparing high-contrast MCL materials.
Water-dispersible cyclen-based porous organic polymers for CO2 direct air capture and photoreduction
Jiawei Hu, Qiao-Yan Qi, Qingxuan Tang, Wen-Zhuang Wang, Zhan-Ting Li, Jia Tian
2026, 37(9): 112222  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.112222
[摘要]  (33) [HTML全文] (33) [PDF 733KB] (0)
摘要:
Porous organic polymers (POPs) are promising candidates for CO2 capture and conversion, yet the integration of direct air capture (DAC) and in situ conversion presents a fundamental challenge. Here, we report six novel water-dispersible cyclen-based POPs for efficient atmospheric CO2 capture and photoreduction. The resulting POPs (POP-1~6) exhibit exceptional aqueous-phase CO2 uptake (264–569 mg/g) with DAC capacities reaching 11–49 mg g−1 d−1. When integrated with an iron porphyrin catalyst (Fe-P) and a ruthenium-based photosensitizer, these POPs enable efficient photocatalytic atmospheric CO2-to-CO conversion with rates of 1.4–4.5 µmol g−1 h−1 and a yield up to 93% in water. These findings provide valuable insights for the further exploration of POP materials for atmospheric CO2 capture and photoreduction.
Unraveling crystalline-phase-effect of CoSe for highly efficient and robust Fenton-like catalysis: A combined experimental and theoretical study
Xianghan Cheng, Xiaoli Wang, Zhen Li, Ping Niu, Junjie Tian, Yong-Zheng Zhang, Da-Shuai Zhang, Xiuling Zhang, Weixuan Huang, Longlong Geng, Xing Xu
2026, 37(9): 112296  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.112296
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摘要:
The development of novel catalysts with both robust activity and long-term stability is significant but remains a critical challenge for the degradation of emerging pollutants. Herein, CoSe nanocrystal-embedded amorphous carbon (CoSe/MC) was rationally designed and synthesized via an in situ selenization strategy. Interestingly, the unique hierarchical architecture featuring CoSe nanocrystal cores and carbon shells simultaneously exposes abundant accessible active sites and enhances stability during the Fenton-like process. Under ambient conditions, CoSe/MC achieves 97% tetracycline (TC) degradation within 2 min, with a rate constant of 3.74 × 10–2 s-1, which is 7.3-fold faster than Co3O4/C. Furthermore, CoSe/MC exhibits remarkable versatility across a wide pH range (3–11), various water sources (e.g., river/lake water), and diverse pollutants (e.g., antibiotics/dyes). Continuous-flow tests confirm long-term stability (>95% efficiency over 300 min) with negligible metal leaching (<0.1 mg/L Co). Mechanistic studies reveal a synergistic radical/non-radical pathway dominated by 1O2 generation, validated by EPR spectroscopy and quenching experiments. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations further elucidate the key role of CoSe in activating PMS by elongating O–O bonds considerably and accelerating electron transfer, which synergistically promotes O–O cleavage and the generation of reactive oxygen species during TC degradation.
Unveiling the enhanced activity origin of BiO1-xCl/C3N5 photocatalyst in CO2-to-CO directional conversion
Zhilei Chen, Zhaoxia Li, Yunjiang Yu, Mingdeng Xiang, Cheng Ding, Entian Cui, Jizhou Jiang
2026, 37(9): 112313  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.112313
[摘要]  (33) [HTML全文] (33) [PDF 2112KB] (0)
摘要:
The structure of photocatalysts largely determines the selectivity of CO2 conversion products in CO2 photoreduction reaction, while it is dynamic during the photoreaction. Therefore, how the dynamic structure affecting photoactivity deserves further investigation. Herein, with defective oxygen vacancies BiOCl/C3N5 nanosheets heterojunction (BiO1-xCl/C3N5) as model photocatalyst, the structure dynamic evolution in CO2 photoreduction reaction and its influence on the CO2-to-CO directional conversion were investigated. Specially, in BiO1-xCl/C3N5, the exposed Bi atoms adjected oxygen vacancies interacted with N atoms of C3N5 via the strong electrostatic effect, resulting in the shrinking crystalline structures. Once illuminated, the photogenerated electrons enriched on Bi active sites, which further strengthened the interfacial interaction between BiO1-xCl and C3N5 to a quasi-bonding state. The resulting changes in electronic structure destroyed the linear structure of CO2 molecule pre-adsorbed on Bi sites, accompanying with transformation of Bi atom valence states and heterostructure restoration. As a result, the *CO2 molecule activation and *CO intermediate desorption barrier energies both reduced, promoting the CO2-to-CO directional conversion with a CO evolution rate of 207.3 μmol g−1 h−1. This work demonstrated the importance of studying the structural dynamics evolution in photoreactions, which may be beneficial for future photocatalyst design.
Ultrasensitive upconversion nanoprobe-based biosensor for dual-modal detection of thrombin and hirudin
Xiaohui Liu, Ruoyu Ba, Fen Wan, Yang Liu, Feng Lu, Jing-Jing Zhang, Peidong Chen, Yi Zhang, Jun-Jie Zhu, Li Zhang, Fang-Fang Cheng
2026, 37(9): 112407  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2026.112407
[摘要]  (32) [HTML全文] (32) [PDF 978KB] (0)
摘要:
Thrombin can participate in many physiological and pathological processes so that its sensitive determination is important in diagnostic and pharmaceutical fields. The content of hirudin in leech is a key criterion for determining the quality of leech. In this work, a dual-modal biosensor was constructed based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer between UCNPs and Cy5 via a thrombin-responsive peptide as a linker. Thrombin cleaved the peptide and Cy5 released, leading to the fluorescence recovery of UCNPs at a specific wavelength, which enabled the successful ratiometric fluorescence detection of thrombin. Simultaneously, Cy5 in the supernatant allowed a colorimetric detection. Hirudin inhibited the activity of thrombin, causing the intensity reduction of the corresponding fluorescence and absorbance signals. The linear ranges of the fluorescence and colorimetric detection for thrombin were 10−9 ~ 10−4 U/mL with a detection limit of 1.15 × 10−10 U/mL and 0.0025–5 U/mL with a detection limit of 1.12 × 10−3 U/mL, respectively. The linear ranges of the fluorescence and colorimetric detection for hirudin were 10−8–10−4 U/mL with a detection limit of 6.026 × 10−9 U/mL and 0.005–5 U/mL with a detection limit of 2.82 × 10−3 U/mL, respectively. This developed biosensor was further applied to the detection of anti-thrombin components in leech extract and the results showed that it had an excellent analytical performance, indicating this dual-modal biosensor provided a new specific and sensitive method for the detection of anti-thrombin components in practical sample, which is significant in quality evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine.
Interfacial cascade channels strategy on innovative heterojunction catalysts for superior piezo-photocatalytic wastewater decontamination
Kaiye Gu, Junjie Ni, Huinan Che, Chen Liu, Yanhui Ao
2026, 37(9): 112409  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2026.112409
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At present, the practical application of photocatalysis is still limited by poor charge carrier separation efficiency. The incorporation of a piezoelectric polarization field is an effective strategy to enhance the photogenerated charge transport rate and strengthen the photocatalytic activity. In this work, a NaNbO3/AgI (NBO/AgI) heterojunction was fabricated for the efficient piezo-photocatalytic degradation of sulfamethoxazole (SMZ). 91.6% of SMZ was degraded within 30 min, which far surpasses degradation under individual photocatalysis or piezocatalysis. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that electron cloud interactions form interfacial cascade channels at the NBO/AgI heterojunction interface, facilitating charge transport. Meanwhile, the piezoelectric polarization field promotes the separation and migration of photogenerated charges, inducing high-efficiency piezo-photocatalytic performance. The piezo-photocatalytic mechanism was explored by electron paramagnetic resonance, piezo-response force microscopy. Intermediate analysis confirmed the degradation pathways and reduced ecological risks of intermediates. This study provides new insights for the design of piezo-photocatalytic materials, as well as a fresh perspective on the treatment of pollutants in wastewater.
Si–O doped layered carbon-based catalyst boosts nonradical oxidation pathways via peroxymonosulfate activation for refractory organic pollutants removal
Cheng Han, Lanlan Liang, Jiao Yang, Yin Wei, Zhe Zhang, Haonan Chen, Wei Yu, Chuanliang Zhao, Liwei Yang, Bo Lai
2026, 37(9): 112410  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2026.112410
[摘要]  (36) [HTML全文] (36) [PDF 2093KB] (0)
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Traditional carbon-based catalysts often suffer from limited catalytic activity and stability in peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation for pollutant degradation. In this study, a Si–O doped layered carbonaceous catalyst (Si/C@PDA) was synthesized using natural vermiculite as the hard template, enabling the efficient PMS activation for ultrafast degradation of tetracycline (TC) (kobs-TC = 0.228 min–1). The Si/C@PDA/PMS system demonstrated strong resistance to environmental matrix interference by enhanced singlet oxygen (1O2) generation and electron transfer processes (ETP). The experimental and density functional theory results prove that the Si–O site induced the cleavage of adsorbed PMS to promote the generation of 1O2 through the self-decomposition of peroxymonosulfate anion radical (SO5•–) and the disproportionation of superoxide radical (O2•–). Meanwhile, the Si–O site also served as the electron transfer bridge facilitating electron migration from the pollutants to the Si/C@PDA/PMS*. In addition, the Si/C@PDA/PMS system integrated with membrane filtration technology achieved continuous degradation of TC with nearly 100% removal efficiency under a low oxidant dosage (0.1 mmol/L PMS). This work underscores the pivotal role of Si–O doping in modulating active sites to selectively promote nonradical pathways, thereby promoting effective pollutant degradation in complex water matrices and offering strategic insights for developing nonradical-dominated carbon-based catalysts.
Ultrasound assisted in-situ formation of switchable deep eutectic solvent for extraction of polychlorinated biphenyls in water
Jiaqin Jiang, Lingqi Shen, Fangxi Xu, Lipeng Liu, Jian Li, Qiao Xu, Zuguang Li, Hongdeng Qiu
2026, 37(9): 112412  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2026.112412
[摘要]  (33) [HTML全文] (33) [PDF 952KB] (0)
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A novel in-situ method for creating a CO2-responsive switchable deep eutectic solvent (SDES) was developed for the homogeneous liquid-liquid microextraction (HLLME) of 18 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) compounds from water samples. Following extraction, the compounds were separated and analyzed by gas chromatography-triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (GC–MS/MS). Diethanolamine (DEA) was employed as the hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA), while 3-methoxyphenol (3-MP) served as the hydrogen bond donor (HBD). The in-situ formed CO2-responsive SDES was used as the extractant, representing a green alternative to traditional toxic organic reagents. Under ideal extraction conditions, a strong linear relationship was established over the concentration range of 0.1–100 ng/mL. The limits of detection (LODs) and quantification (LOQs) were found to be between 0.001–0.040 ng/mL and 0.004–0.134 ng/mL. The preconcentration factors (PFs) varied from 49 to 76, while both intra-day and inter-day precision (RSDs) remained under 6.8%. Ultimately, the method proved successful in detecting 18 PCBs in environmental water samples, with satisfactory recovery rates. These results demonstrate that the method is not only green and sustainable, but also exhibits excellent methodological performance, rendering it highly promising for applications in the field of HLLME.
Tandem photochemical reduction-electrochemical oxidation process for extensive mineralization of refractory cyanuric acid in wastewater
Wenxiao Zheng, Jianyu Pan, Xin Luo, Huanxin Ma, Rundong Chen, Chunhua Feng
2026, 37(9): 112434  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2026.112434
[摘要]  (32) [HTML全文] (32) [PDF 763KB] (0)
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Cyanuric acid (CA), a stable triazine-based compound widely used in chlorinated disinfectants, has emerged as a recalcitrant contaminant frequently detected in aquatic environments. Due to its high chemical stability and electron-deficient structure, CA resists degradation by conventional oxidative processes. Here, a tandem UV/sulfite (SF)-based photochemical reduction-electrochemical oxidation (EO) process was developed to achieve complete mineralization of CA. Hydrated electrons generated in the UV/SF process efficiently induce triazine ring-opening, while EO further oxidizes the resulting intermediates. Density functional theory calculations and quenching experiments revealed that CA exhibits high activation barriers toward direct oxidation by •OH and SO4•−, explaining their limited reactivity. In contrast, direct electron transfer to the boron-doped diamond (BDD) anode dominates CA degradation in the EO process, albeit with sluggish kinetics due to the high oxidation potential. The tandem system effectively lowers the oxidative energy barrier via reductive fragmentation. Moreover, the UV/SF-EO process demonstrated reliable and effective performance in natural waters and industrial effluents. This study not only highlights the synergistic benefits of coupling reduction and oxidation for the treatment of persistent organic pollutants but also provides mechanistic insight into CA degradation pathways, offering a promising strategy for mitigating CA pollution in complex water environments.
Engineering amorphous MOF with P–Fe–O sites for robust electro-Fenton degradation of micropollutants
Pan Xia, Chuanzhu Tang, Tong Xu, Pinyuan Sheng, Liyuan Liu, Chao Wang, Yin Xu, Qiang He, Ömür Gökkuş, Zhihong Ye
2026, 37(9): 112442  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2026.112442
[摘要]  (34) [HTML全文] (34) [PDF 2312KB] (0)
摘要:
Iron-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) stand out as promising catalysts for heterogeneous electro-Fenton (HEF) treatment of micropollutants, yet their performance is often constrained by the limited accessibility of active sites and sluggish electron transfer. Herein, a facile phosphine-assisted amorphization strategy was proposed to convert crystalline MIL-88B(Fe) into a P-coordinated amorphous counterpart (aMIL-88B(Fe)-P) featuring abundant asymmetric P–Fe–O moieties. The amorphous architecture ensures abundant exposure of active sites and enhanced mass transport, while the asymmetric coordination environment upshifts the Fe d-band center toward the Fermi level, thereby lowering the energy barrier for H2O2 activation. Notably, the aMIL-88B(Fe)-P-catalyzed EF system attained complete naproxen removal within 90 min, with a pseudo-first-order kinetic rate constant of 0.038 min-1, outperforming all comparative trials and many reported HEF systems. Moreover, the system demonstrated broad-spectrum micropollutant removal, favorable catalyst reusability, and remarkable scalability in a flow-through electrochemical device, confirming strong practical applicability. This work highlights the potential of combining structural amorphization with precise coordination engineering to fully unlock the catalytic potential of MOFs for advanced EF applications.
Revealing the unique generation pathway of singlet oxygen from sulfate radical in Fe-based Fenton-like system
Taozhen Li, Zhuohang Wu, Shu Yang, Bin Li, Semencha Alexander Vyacheslavovich, Donaev Sardor Burkhanovich, Ergashev Yorqinjon Tolqinogli, Rashidov Shokhzodbek Abduvakhobovich, Lei Wang, Jingwen Pan
2026, 37(9): 112443  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2026.112443
[摘要]  (36) [HTML全文] (36) [PDF 1656KB] (0)
摘要:
The effective FeⅡ/FeⅢ cycling and rapid activation of oxidants are the key problems that expand the application of iron-based Fenton-like reaction in water purification. Herein, bamboo-like Fe-Mo bimetallic catalysts (FeMo@CNT) were prepared to activate peroxydisulfate (PDS) for organic pollutants removal. FeMo@CNT/PDS system can completely degrade bisphenol (BPA) within 30 min (kobs = 0.444 min-1, which was 17.1 times that of Fe@CNT/PDS system). Results showed that singlet oxygen (1O2) and sulfate radical (SO4•-) were dominant reactive oxygen species in FeMo@CNT/PDS/BPA system, where 1O2 was derived from superoxide radical (O2•-) oxidized by SO4•-. Mo species in FeMo@CNT/PDS system could accelerate the O–O breaking in PDS and reduce the energy barrier of 1O2 production, thus achieving the increase of both SO4•- and 1O2. Meanwhile, FeMo@CNT/PDS system exhibited good catalytic activity with wide pH and multiple environmental substrates. The high oxidation performance after 23 h in dynamic experiments further demonstrated the stability of this system. And the toxicity of the original pollutants was further declined, indicating that the FeMo@CNT/PDS system was ecologically friendly. This work provides new insights for solving hindered FeⅡ/FeⅢ cycle and proves a new mechanism of 1O2 generation in SR-AOPs.
Activable chimeric bioluminescent sensors via electrostatic protein engineering for field-deployable imaging of wound infection
Junbin Li, Min Dai, Tianxin Zhang, Xindi Sun, Du Lian, Mengyi Xiong, Yibo Zhou, Zhihe Qing
2026, 37(9): 112449  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2026.112449
[摘要]  (36) [HTML全文] (36) [PDF 1169KB] (0)
摘要:
Genetically encoded sensors have been extensively utilized for the analysis of biomarkers. However, their applications remain limited by the scarcity of analyte-binding proteins or peptides and the challenges associated with translating analyte recognition into a quantifiable signal. Herein, we report a novel class of activable chimeric sensors that harness bioluminescent resonance energy transfer (BRET) between nanoluciferase proteins and fluorescent small-molecule probes. We demonstrated that the responsiveness of these hybrid sensors can be significantly enhanced by modulating the electrostatic surface potential of the fusion protein in the vicinity of the recognition site. As proof of concept, we engineered two chimeric bioluminescent sensors, Bp7-pH and Bp7-NO, for the detection of pH and nitric oxide (NO), respectively. Both sensors exhibited strong BRET signal modulation upon exposure to their target analytes, leading to distinct and quantifiable shifts in luminescence color. Importantly, we successfully applied these sensors for field-deployable imaging of pH and NO dynamics in a murine wound infection model. Given the vast array of existing fluorescent molecular sensors, the detection targets of these chimeric bioluminescent sensors can be easily modified by altering the recognition moieties. Collectively, this work establishes a generalizable and tunable design strategy for developing highly sensitive chimeric bioluminescent sensors, with broad applicability in physiological and pathological monitoring.
Artificial mismatch-assisted Cas12a crRNA splicing mechanism enabling interference-free discrimination of homologous microRNAs with single-nucleotide resolution
Xinrui Fei, Chao Lei, Zhaowei Tian, Xinyu Zhang, Wei Ren, Chenghui Liu
2026, 37(9): 112450  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2026.112450
[摘要]  (34) [HTML全文] (34) [PDF 841KB] (0)
摘要:
How to precisely discriminate homologous microRNA sequences from each other has always been a big challenge. Herein, we proposed an artificial mismatch-assisted Cas12a crRNA splicing mechanism that enables completely interference-free discrimination of homologous microRNAs with single-nucleotide resolution. Specifically, a truncated crRNA (tcrRNA) can recover its ability to activate Cas12a trans-cleavage activity when spliced with a miRNA. Since the miRNA splicing region itself is relatively short, rationally tuning the tcrRNA splicing length can render the proposed system with high sensitivity for base-variation discrimination. More importantly, we innovatively introduced an extra artificial mismatch in the miRNA splicing region, which enables the system to distinguish single-nucleotide variants in an interference-free manner. In this way, only the perfectly matched target miRNA can trigger the complete assembly of the spliced crRNA to active Cas12a, while non-target RNAs even with a single-base mismatch cannot. This mechanism ensures that the target miRNA can be accurately hooked even in the presence of a large excess of non-target homologous RNAs (100-fold). The discrimination capability of the proposed method has been proven by achieving the interference-free discrimination of the members within the let-7 family, which can hardly be achieved by conventional hybridization-based amplification methods. This work fully taps into the potential of the Cas12a system in interference-free homologous miRNA discrimination, offering a new tool for precise RNA analysis in molecular diagnostics.
Facile construction of fluorescent probes for monitoring pH fluctuations in diabetic cataract
Chen Li, Zhe Liu, Jiuxiao Li, Yueping Ren, Kun Li, Weijie Chi, Ji-Ting Hou, Jianliang Shen
2026, 37(9): 112487  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2026.112487
[摘要]  (31) [HTML全文] (31) [PDF 913KB] (0)
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Cataracts, particularly diabetic cataracts (DC), represent a significant cause of blindness, exacerbated by diabetes mellitus. Monitoring intracellular pH (pHi) in human lens epithelial cells (HLECs) provides valuable insights into the pathogenesis of DC. This study introduces a novel phenol-armed flavylium-based fluorescent probe (FpH-2) for real-time pH monitoring in HLECs. The probe is facilely prepared to offer a reversible and highly sensitive fluorescence response to pH changes, with a pKa value of 6.66. The probe’s efficacy was demonstrated through its ability to monitor pH elevation under high glucose conditions, simulating diabetic stress. The study further investigates the effects of various clinical drugs on pH regulation in HLECs, offering new perspectives for managing DC. The findings suggest that pHi serves as a critical parameter for investigating DC pathophysiology and pharmacology, offering potential for advancing early diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
Panchromatic solar absorption enables multi-photon CO2 carboxylation: Mechanistic insights in consecutive photoinduced electron transfer
Limei Tian, Rong Liu, Zijian Zhao, Pengju Li, Weijian Yang, Fushuang Niu, Ke Hu
2026, 37(9): 112521  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2026.112521
[摘要]  (34) [HTML全文] (34) [PDF 812KB] (0)
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Inspired by natural photosynthesis, visible-light-driven carboxylation of carbon dioxide for the synthesis of value-added chemicals has attracted considerable attention. However, the current limitation in carboxylation lies in the narrow absorption range of the photocatalysts used. These photocatalysts are predominantly activated by blue light, limiting the utilization of most of the solar light. Herein, we employed the organic dye N,N-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)perylene-3,4,9,10-bis(dicarboximide) (PDI), along with its single-electron-reduced state PDI•− through consecutive photoinduced electron transfer (ConPET), effectively absorbs panchromatic solar spectrum for photocatalytic dicarboxylation. Mechanistic investigations using femtosecond time-resolved transient absorption (fs-TA) spectroscopy unequivocally identified the excited state of the singly reduced species, PDI•−*, rather than the doubly reduced form, as the key intermediate responsible for the reductive activation of alkenes. Furthermore, efficient solar-driven carboxylation of CO2 was successfully demonstrated under natural sunlight irradiation, underscoring the practical potential of this photocatalytic system.
Constructing H2O-locking structure of the double hydrogen bond network for reversible zinc metal anode
Yang Yu, Yi-Yang Bi, Yu-Hang Liu, Bin Yue, Ming-Xuan Duan, Yu-Chun Wan, Wan-Qiang Liu, Gang Huang
2026, 37(9): 112540  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2026.112540
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Zinc anode as one of the most promising energy storage materials for aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs), suffer from significant degradation in cycle life and Coulombic efficiency (CE) due to uncontrolled dendrite growth and H2O-induced side reactions. In this work, we propose a nonionic dual-additive (gelatin, urea, abbreviated as GU) strategy that utilizes the dual hydrogen bond (H-bond) network H2O-locking structure. Due to the H-bond reinforcement effect introduced by the GU additive, the energy barrier for H-bond breaking and reconfiguration is elevated, effectively impeding the rapid proton shuttling between H2O molecules. It can induce the preferred growth of the (002) crystal plane by adsorbing onto other crystal planes, thereby achieving a dendrite-free zinc anode. Thus, the stability and reversibility of the zinc anode have improved significantly. The symmetrical cells stably cycled for more than 2100 h at 2.0 mA/cm2@1.0 mA/cm2, and the ZnCu asymmetric cells cycled for 1600 times at 5 mA/cm2@1 mAh/cm2 with an average CE of 99.4%. The full cells matched with the PANI cathode cycled more than 3500 times at 1 A/g. The work provides a new strategy for regulating the interfacial chemistry of zinc anodes to achieve highly stable high-performance zinc batteries.
Phenylethynyl-bridged naphthalimide probe for super-resolution imaging and polarity decoding of lipid droplets
Jie Pan, Shurui Hu, Wenchao Jiang, Junyu Xiao, Xiaogang Liu, Qinglong Qiao, Zhaochao Xu
2026, 37(9): 112618  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2026.112618
[摘要]  (34) [HTML全文] (34) [PDF 970KB] (0)
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Lipid droplets (LDs) serve as central hubs for lipid synthesis, storage, and mobilization, with their biological functions largely governed by the composition of neutral lipid cores. Although in situ probing of LD polarity has emerged as a promising strategy to decode compositional remodeling, probes capable of resolving the subtle and narrowly distributed polarity variations within LD interiors remain scarce. Here we report a phenylethynyl-bridged naphthalimide probe (TS-N) that enables sensitive decoding of LD polarity in living cells. Introduction of a conjugated phenylethynyl spacer significantly increases the intramolecular charge-transfer distance (dCT = 3.561 Å), resulting in enhanced solvatochromic responsiveness with an emission shift exceeding 220 nm across solvent polarity gradients. The probe exhibits a high polarity sensitivity of 14.5 nm per unit, enabling detection of subtle dielectric variations within weakly polar LD interiors. TS-N selectively targets LDs and supports long-term super-resolution imaging of dynamic processes, including LD fusion and mitochondria-LD interactions. Importantly, quantitative in situ fluorescence spectral analysis reveals that TS-N can resolve metabolic perturbation-induced polarity fluctuations at the single-droplet level and correlate dielectric changes with droplet size remodeling. This strategy integrates structural imaging with compositional decoding, providing a powerful tool for investigating LD metabolic heterogeneity and organelle interactions in living cells.
Data-driven generation and efficient screening of MR-TADF materials
Ya-Jun Yin, Li-Fang Yin, Yi Zhao, Xin Xu, Yu-Qi Xia, Jing-Jing Zhao, Jia-Qi Bai, Guang-Jun Nan, Ji-Fen Wang, Lu-Yi Zou
2026, 37(9): 112633  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2026.112633
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摘要:
The pursuit of high color purity in next-generation displays has spurred intense interest in multiple-resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR-TADF) emitters, which combine narrowband emission with high exciton utilization efficiency. However, the intricate relationship between molecular structure and photophysical properties renders rational design highly challenging. Herein, we present an integrated computational framework that unifies automated data extraction, de novo molecular generation and multi-property prediction for the targeted discovery of MR-TADF materials. Our approach leverages large-language-model-based literature mining and chemical structure recognition to construct a curated dataset (MR585), which guides a Transformer-based variational autoencoder for generative molecular design. Machine learning models trained on this dataset achieve test-set R2 values of 0.692 for predicting the singlet-triplet energy gap (ΔEST) and 0.788 for full width at half maximum (FWHM). From the generated candidates, we identify 15 structurally novel emitters with ΔEST values of 0.13–0.33 eV and narrow FWHMs of 26.2–46.6 nm. Theoretical analysis further reveals that two sulphur-containing BCzBN derivatives exhibit enhanced spin-orbit coupling, accelerated reverse intersystem crossing and reduced efficiency roll-off compared to their parent structures. This work establishes a comprehensive AI-driven platform that bridges automated knowledge extraction with generative chemistry, offering an efficient and scalable pathway towards high-performance narrowband emitters.
Cu/Ni dual-atom catalysts with charge regulation: Boosting CO2 electroreduction selectivity via site-specific O/C-terminal asymmetric adsorption
Jielian Yang, Yue Shen, Bing Chen, Qi Wu, Yuemei Liao, Liya Zhou, Jing Luo, Xue Mao, Jin Guo, Binbin Luo, Qi Pang, Chunyan Zhou, Peican Chen, Anxiang Guan
2026, 37(9): 112638  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2026.112638
[摘要]  (35) [HTML全文] (35) [PDF 1458KB] (0)
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Dual-atom catalysts (DACs) show great potential for boosting reaction kinetics and diversifying active sites via the synergistic effects of two metal atoms. However, the influence of intermetallic interactions on catalytic performance remains underexplored. Herein, we report a Cu/Ni dual-atom catalyst anchored on N-doped carbon (Cu/Ni-N-C) for the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). Advanced experimental and theoretical approaches, including X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) analysis and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, were employed to systematically investigate the mechanism of intermetallic interactions. Experimental results demonstrate that the monometallic Cu-N-C catalyst achieves a maximum CO Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 38.35% at -1 V vs. RHE, with a non-negligible CH4 FE of 21.89% at -1.4 V vs. RHE. In contrast, the Cu0.5Ni0.5–N-C catalyst exhibits significantly enhanced performance for CO formation, reaching a high CO FE of 96.78% with partial current density of 24.80 mA/cm2 and a negligible CH4 formation. The reason for this selectivity shift is that Ni atoms within the Cu-Ni diatomic pairs in the Cu/Ni-N-C catalyst attract the electron cloud of Cu atoms. This reduces the electron cloud density near Cu atoms, and thus weakens the adsorption of CO2RR intermediates on Cu sites. DFT calculations further reveal that charge regulation between Cu and Ni is the key to the improved CO selectivity: electron-deficient Cu atoms act as O-terminal adsorption sites to bind the oxygen atoms of CO2, while electron-enriched Ni atoms serve as C-terminal adsorption sites to anchor the carbon atoms. This asymmetric adsorption mode promotes CO2 polarization and activation, narrows the HOMO-LUMO band gap for efficient electron transfer, and reduces the thermodynamic barrier for *COOH intermediate formation (ΔG = 1.78 eV vs. 2.52 eV for Cu-N-C). Additionally, the shortened Ni-C bond (1.921 Å vs. 2.207 Å for Cu-N-C) and elongated C–OH bond (1.388 Å vs. 1.376 Å for Cu-N-C) in *COOH on Cu0.5Ni0.5–N-C further favor CO generation. This work provides new insights into the precise design of DACs by regulating intermetallic interactions, advancing their industrial applications in CO2RR.
Highly matched NbN-TiN nano-heterocrystals immobilized in hollow porous N-doped carbon framework to achieve high-performance lithium–sulfur batteries
Xiaoran Li, Wenqian Liu, Liwei Zhu, Yichun Gu, Changhui Sun, Peng Wang, Baojuan Xi, Shenglin Xiong, Nianxiang Shi
2026, 37(9): 112788  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2026.112788
[摘要]  (30) [HTML全文] (30) [PDF 1416KB] (0)
摘要:
Commercialization of rechargeable lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs) is severely hindered by the "shuttle effect" and their sluggish electrochemical kinetics. Herein, highly matched NbN/TiN heterocrystals with nanosize (< 5 nm) uniformly dispersed within in hollow porous N–doped carbon microspheres (NbN/TiN@N–C) was designed. DFT calculations and electrochemical tests demonstrate the remarkable improvement in anchoring lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) and sulfur redox kinetics. Specifically, the hollow porous frameworks can physically confine LiPSs and effectively alleviate volume changes, and simultaneously the immobilized NbN/TiN nanocrystals can strongly interact with LiPSs by the dual–chemical adsorption that the formation of Nb–S and Ti–S bonds. The nanosized NbN/TiN heterocrystals and their clusters induce maximum reaction surface and numerous activity sites. Significantly, the heterocrystals, based on high lattice matching and stable built–in electric field, endows smooth channels for Li+ diffusion and maximum electron transfer ability to catalysts. The LSBs with NbN/TiN@N–C separator delivers ultralong cycling stability that sustained 545.5 mAh/g with only 0.056% capacity decay per cycle over 1000 cycles at 2 C and high rate performance with 663.7 mAh/g at 10 C. This work provides a novel insight for regulating LiPSs through highly matched binary heterogeneous catalyst to advance the industrial application of LSBs.
Functional analysis of a diterpene synthase for jiangxidienes and jiangxienols biosynthesis from Streptacidiphilus jiangxiensis
Botao Yan, Hongran Chen, Zixin Deng, Mingguo Jiang, Min Xu, Anwei Hou
2026, 37(9): 112790  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2026.112790
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This study identifies and characterises a previously unknown diterpene synthase, SjJS, from the acidophilic actinomycete Streptacidiphilus jiangxiensis. Genome mining and heterologous expression demonstrated that Streptacidiphilus jiangxiensis Jiangxidiene Synthase (SjJS) accepts both farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) as substrates to produce a diverse terpene profile, including two new diterpenes, jiangxidiene A (1) and B (2). Comprehensive 13C-labelling experiments combined with computational analyses delineated its intricate cyclisation mechanism and revealed two possible pathways. Structure-guided mutagenesis enabled the accumulation of key intermediate-derived products, jiangxienols A–D (4, 7, 8, and 10), thereby allowing a clear differentiation between the two proposed cyclisation pathways and leading to the formation of several additional diterpenes. In addition, a cytochrome P450 encoded adjacent to the sjjs gene was shown to oxidise jiangxidiene A (1), the major diterpene product, yielding jiangxienoide B (12) and jiangxienol E (13). Further cytotoxicity assays were performed for the isolated compounds, among which jiangxidiene A (1) gave the lowest half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values (15–20 µg/mL) against the tested human cancer cell lines.
Structural and catalytic mechanisms of two N-hydroxycinnamoyltransferases underlying lycibarbarspermidines biosynthesis in wolfberry
Shao-Yang Li, Jia-Cheng Huang, Ya-Lin Wang, Hong-Ting Zhen, Yu Fan, Zheng-Qun Zhou, Guo-Dong Chen, Jian-Ming Lv, Gao-Qian Wang, Dan Hu, Hao Gao
2026, 37(9): 112813  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2026.112813
[摘要]  (34) [HTML全文] (34) [PDF 1015KB] (0)
摘要:
Lycibarbarspermidines represent a major class of bioactive components in wolfberry (the fruit of Lycium barbarum), consisting of di-phenylpropionyl spermidines and their glucosides. While the molecular basis underlying their glycodiversity was clarified in our previous work, the biosynthesis of di-phenylpropionyl spermidine core structure remains elusive. In particular, the acyltransferase responsible for conjugating dihydrocaffeoyl, one of the dominant phenylpropionyl moieties, is still unidentified. Herein, two N-hydroxycinnamoyltransferases (LbSCT1/2) from wolfberry were identified, which not only catalyze the conjugation of spermidine with caffeoyl-CoA, but also exhibit high catalytic activity toward dihydrocaffeoyl-CoA. Notably, LbSCT2 catalyzes monoacylation, whereas LbSCT1 enables sequential diacylation. Together with caffeoyl-CoA double bond reductase (LbDBR2), LbSCT1/2 accomplish the biosynthesis of lycibarbarspermidine Ⅰ-Ⅳ. Furthermore, LbSCT1 efficiently catalyzes the biosynthesis of kukoamine B, a major bioactive component from Lycii Cortex (the root bark of Lycium species). Crystal structural and mutagenic investigations elucidated the catalytic mechanisms underlying the selectivity of LbSCT1/2 for spermidine mono- and diacylation. This study establishes the complete biosynthesis of lycibarbarspermidines and provides valuable enzymatic tools for diversifying phenylpropionyl compounds.
Cobalt-catalyzed regiodivergent hydroalkenylation of alkenes
Jianyi Shi, Chengyi Peng, Jiali Qiu, Shuanglong Li, Wenyan Zhao, Xiang Sun, Shikai Xiang, Yandong Wu, Wenhan Xu, Fei Pan, Linxing Zhang, Fei Ye
2026, 37(9): 112824  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2026.112824
[摘要]  (34) [HTML全文] (34) [PDF 1804KB] (0)
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The direct hydroalkenylation of alkenes represents the most straightforward method for constructing C(sp2)-C(sp3) bonds. However, controlling chemo- and regioselectivity between two different alkenes remains a fundamental challenge. Herein, we developed a cobalt-catalyzed system to regioselectively ligate electron-deficient alkenes with electron-rich alkenes. The in-situ generated CoⅢ-H activate electron-deficient alkenes through a Markovnikov or anti-Markovnikov manner, to form linear or branched alkylcobalt species as key intermediate, which can successfully achieve regiodivergent hydroalkenylation of acrylates and analogs. The method demonstrates a broad substrate scope and functional group compatibility. Origin of regioselectivity control by the cobalt catalyst has been elucidated through mechanistic studies and density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
Ultrasound-augmented chemodynamic and chemotherapy amplify cascade oxidative stress for potentiating immunogenic cell death in pancreatic cancer treatment
Meng Pan, Dong Mo, Wen Chen, Yun Yang, Qingya Liu, Yujia Wei, Xicheng Li, Hanzhi Deng, Yan Yu, Liping Yuan, Yu Liu, Zhiyong Qian
2026, 37(9): 112846  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2026.112846
[摘要]  (34) [HTML全文] (34) [PDF 2919KB] (0)
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Pancreatic cancer (PCa) is highly aggressive and resistant to conventional therapies due to its dense stroma and immunosuppressive microenvironment. To overcome these barriers, we engineered dextran-coated copper peroxide-doxorubicin nanoclusters (DCPD NCs) that enabled ultrasound (US)-augmented chemodynamic therapy (CDT) and chemotherapy. In the acidic tumor microenvironment, DCPD NCs disassemble and co-release Cu2+, doxorubicin, and self-supplied H2O2. Cu2+ depletes glutathione (GSH) and catalyzes H2O2 to generate •OH with US (1.5 fold higher than that without US). Under US treatment, DCPD NCs not only increased the permeability of Panc02 tumor spheroids, but also increased intracellular reactive oxygen species by 2.1 times, depleted GSH by up to 25.2%, and induced lipid peroxidation. This nanoplatform works synergistically to induce potent immunogenic cell death. In both subcutaneous and orthotopic PCa mice models, this nanoplatform demonstrated remarkable therapeutic effects. The tumor weights of mice treated with DCPD NCs + US were significantly reduced by 91.8% and 85.7% vs. controls, with robust calreticulin (CRT) exposure and HMGB1 translocation in tumors. This work establishes an US augmented and self-reinforcing nanoplatform that overcomes stromal and metabolic barriers in PCa, providing a synergistic strategy for catalytic immunotherapy.
Sodium alginate-modified NiFe layered double hydroxide for robust alkaline seawater oxidation at high current densities
Haipeng Wang, Dongrui Li, Mingyu Liu, Yufei Kong, Chaoxin Yang, Zixiao Li, Shengjun Sun, Shaochen Wang, Mohamed S. Hamdy, Asmaa Farouk, Zhengwei Cai, Xuping Sun
2026, 37(9): 112945  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2026.112945
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Seawater electrolysis, utilizing coastal resources, holds great promise as a sustainable method for hydrogen production. However, the efficiency of seawater electrolysis is limited by anode catalysts with high overpotentials (η) and short lifespans, due to chloride-induced side reactions. In this study, we introduce sodium alginate (SA) modified NiFe layered double hydroxide nanosheets on Ni foam (SA@NiFe LDH/NF) as a highly efficient and stable electrocatalyst for long-term alkaline seawater oxidation. Our SA@NiFe LDH/NF needs a low η of 362 mV to reach 1000 mA/cm2, outperforming the unmodified NiFe LDH/NF (425 mV). Furthermore, it maintains continuous electrolysis for 1600 h at current densities of 500 and 1000 mA/cm2. In situ Raman spectroscopy reveals that the SA protective layer not only facilitates NiOOH formation but also establishes a dense electrostatic network via carboxyl groups, which repels chloride ions and ensures stable seawater oxidation. This work presents a promising strategy for developing durable, high-performance anodes and highlights the potential of natural polysaccharide coatings for enhancing anode corrosion resistance during the seawater electrolysis process.
Review
Recent advances in solid-state zinc-air and zinc-ion batteries
Ya Han, Kejun Jin, Tingyu Zhao, Yingjian Yu
2026, 37(9): 111387  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111387
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Solid-state zinc-air batteries (SZABs) and solid-state zinc-ion batteries (SZIBs) exhibit significant potential for applications in flexible electronic devices, due to zinc's abundance, enhanced safety, high theoretical energy density, and eco-friendliness. Recently, various SZABs and SZIBs utilizing advanced solid-state electrolytes (SEs) and cathodes have been developed. However, the conductivity of the cathode, as well as the construction of active sites and ion transport pathways during charging and discharging, require further investigation. Additionally, the electrolyte plays a critical role in solid-state batteries, directly impacting the output performance of the battery, cycling stability, and operational lifespan. Thus, the development of high-quality electrolytes alongside efficient and stable electrodes is essential for the large-scale application of solid-state batteries. This review examines the working principles and assembly processes of SZABs and SZIBs and summarizes the superior properties of various cathodes and electrolytes, thereby offering new perspectives for advancing high-performance SZABs and SZIBs.
Covalent organic frameworks: An emerging class of piezoelectric materials for mechanical energy transfer application
Lijiang Guan, Danyal Mehdi, Haoxiang Li, Fei Chen, Shangbin Jin
2026, 37(9): 111389  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111389
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Piezoelectric materials can efficiently convert widely available mechanical energy to usable electrical energy or chemical energy, which represent a type of promising sustainable materials and is worth being extensively explored. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), with their finely tunable structures and properties, have emerged as exciting materials for piezoelectric applications. This review aims to discuss the strategy for enhanced piezoelectric properties of COFs and the applications of COFs in the piezoelectric field, including piezocatalysis and piezoelectric nanogenerators. Then, the effect of pressure on the structure of COFs is introduced, which may provide new perspectives for the design of COFs in piezoelectricity. The review concludes that COFs offer a versatile platform for developing advanced piezoelectric materials, with potential in wide range of applications. The insights provided in this review are hoped to guide the direction of future research in the field of COF-based piezoelectric materials.
Design, synthesis, and optimization of MXene- and MOF-based materials for 3D printed energy storage devices and beyond
Huijie Zhou, Mutawara Mahmood Baig, Shunyu Gu, Wenjiang Zou, Jing Zhang, Fei Dou, Jiang Xu, Lvzhou Li, Yizhou Zhang, Huan Pang, Jianning Ding
2026, 37(9): 111489  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111489
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MXene and metal-organic frame (MOFs) are emerging as transformative materials in the field of energy storage and conversion. While MXene excel in conductivity, tunable surface chemistry, and flexibility, MOFs bring complementary benefits with their tunable porosity and structural versatility, enabling the design of hybrid systems with enhanced functionalities. However, challenges such as material stability, structural integrity, and ink formulation must be addressed to fully integrate these materials into 3D printing technologies. This review elucidates cutting-edge material design frameworks for MXene- and MOF-integrated 3D-printed architectures, emphasizing their transformative roles in advancing energy storage/conversion systems. We provide a systematic evaluation of additive manufacturing compatibility and multidisciplinary optimization strategies spanning ink rheology, hierarchical structure engineering, and interfacial electrochemistry to enhance device performance metrics. Additionally, by analyzing the key advantages and limitations of MXene- and MOF-based materials, we examine their role in overcoming current challenges in electrochemical energy storage devices. Finally, we provide insights into future prospects, presenting a roadmap for integrating MXene and MOFs into scalable 3D printing technologies, which will enable breakthroughs in sustainable and high-performance energy devices.
Recent progress on the (photo)electrocatalytic molecular oxygen activation in reactive oxygen species generation for environmental remediation
Limin Jin, Jie Xu, Huayue Zhu, Chunjuan Li, Zhengfeng Hu, Qi Wang
2026, 37(9): 111865  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111865
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Molecular oxygen (O2) activation offers a sustainable pathway for environmental remediation by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), yet challenges in efficiency, stability, and scalability hinder its practical application. This review systematically explores recent advances in integrated (photo)electrocatalytic systems, where synergistic coupling of photonic and electrical energy inputs overcomes spin-forbidden barriers in molecular O2 activation. Emphasis is placed on nanoscale catalyst engineering, including alloy, carbon-based materials, and single-atom catalysts, to precisely regulate ROS generation via electronic structure design and targeted electron transfer. Parallel innovations in reactor design, such as flow-by and flow-through (photo)electrodes, are analyzed for their role in enhancing mass transport, increasing ROS yields, and ensuring operational durability. Integrating fundamental insights with system engineering, the review provides a roadmap for advancing energy-efficient (photo)electrocatalytic platforms, highlighting their transformative potential in ROS-mediated environmental technologies.
Research progress on the in vivo fate of self-assembled traditional Chinese medicine ingredients: Absorption, transportation and distribution
Caihong Li, Chen Li, Jing Sun, Qingqing Xiao, Huaxu Zhu
2026, 37(9): 111888  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111888
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The active ingredients components of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) can naturally create supramolecular structures like nanoparticles and micelles with well-defined functions through a dynamic assembly mechanism driven by noncovalent bonding interactions. In recent years, numerous studies have found that the supramolecular self-assemblies of TCM, which are also known as Chinese medicine supramolecules (CMS), exhibit better efficacy, higher bioavailability, and synergistic effects. In vivo fate analysis is a roadblock to revealing the active mechanisms of CMS. This review focuses on the in vivo dynamic biological fate of herbal self-assemblies and systematically elucidates their delivery characteristics in absorption barrier penetration, biofilm transport, and tissue-specific distribution. Meanwhile, this review summarizes the progress in applying cutting-edge detection techniques for tracking supramolecular behavior in vivo, including fluorescent labeling, isotope tracing, and multimodal imaging. By summarizing the existing research results, we aim to construct a systematic research framework for the in vivo behaviors of Chinese medicine self-assemblies and explore feasible analysis paths for Chinese medicine formulations.
Exosomes shape inflammatory tumor microenvironment
Chao He, Wanpin Yu, Qingyuan Zhao, Huina Liu, Yu Wang, Yue Xiong, Yuqing Zeng, Jing Zhao, Zhi Ping Xu, Lingxiao Zhang
2026, 37(9): 111900  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111900
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The pervasive inflammatory response orchestrates every stage of tumor initiation and progression, not only serving as a catalyst for tumorigenesis but also as a nurturing environment for malignant growth. Within this intricate microenvironment teeming with cancer cells, immune cells, and stromal cells, a continuous exchange of inflammatory signals mediated by exosomes, small membrane-bound vesicles guide the development of the proinflammatory tumor microenvironment (TME). In this review, we delve into the intricate dialogue mechanisms among tumor cells, resident immune cells and stromal cells, scrutinizing the roles of exosomes derived from both tumor cells and other resident cells in shaping the inflammatory milieu. Anti-tumor therapies harnessing the diverse compositions and effects of exosomes have unveiled novel strategies for combating tumor malignancy.
Artificial intelligence-driven personalized clinical decision-making and drug development in breast cancer
Ting Wang, Xifeng Qin, Yao Liu, Jianhui Tian, Zhiqing Pang
2026, 37(9): 111956  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111956
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Breast cancer (BRCA) is a multifaceted and extremely diverse condition, with conventional diagnostic and therapeutic methods encountering considerable obstacles. With the increasing amount of medical data and the ongoing development of computer technologies, artificial intelligence (AI) has become widely used in BRCA medication research and clinical decision-making. Specifically, AI helps anticipate therapy responses, makes it easier to choose the best treatment regimens based on the molecular and pathological features of tumors, and allows for more accurate risk assessments for BRCA. AI is also essential to drug development, including the identification and prediction of novel therapeutic targets, the screening and prediction of compound structures, the repurposing of existing drugs, and the creation of combination treatments. From static assessments based on molecular subtypes to dynamic tracking of disease development, AI’s role in BRCA diagnosis and therapy has changed throughout time. It has transitioned from experience-based therapeutic approaches to data-driven clinical decision-making. In addition to improving patients’ quality of life, this shift is essential to turning cancer therapy into a "prevention-prediction-personalized" paradigm. This review article thoroughly examines the developments in AI applications for important fields such as molecular subtype identification, metastasis and recurrence prediction, BRCA risk stratification, and the creation of new medications. It delves deeper into current technological constraints and clinical translation pathways, emphasizing the need for advances in clinical applicability and technical standardization through tactics like large-scale multi-center clinical trials, innovative cross-modal data integration, and algorithmic architecture optimization.
Glycopolymer-engineered materials and surfaces: Immobilized strategies and biomedical applications
Gefei Li, Juan Mo, Yi Deng, Wenhuan Zhong, Qinhan Chen, Xin-Shan Ye
2026, 37(9): 111969  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111969
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Glycopolymers with a brush architecture that are immobilized on material surfaces can mimic the natural glycoconjugates found on cell surfaces, with potential biomedical applications including antimicrobial, anticoagulation, anti-nonspecific adhesion, cellular communication and protein purification. To facilitate the clinical translation and applications of glyco-engineered materials, it is essential to achieve a comprehensive understanding of synthetic strategies and surface-immobilization techniques from a holistic perspective. This review highlights recent advances in the covalent immobilization of glycopolymer chains onto materials through methods like surface-initiated polymerization and interfacial coupling reactions. It provides a detailed summary of the synthetic routes for reactive glycopolymers and interfaces, as well as the technologies used for immobilization on various surfaces, including plastics, metals, silica materials, carbon materials, and living cells. The challenges and opportunities for the future development of glycopolymer-engineered materials and interfaces are also discussed. We believe that this review can serve as a valuable resource for researchers interested in the interdisciplinary field of glycoscience and materials.
Drug delivery systems for the treatment of venous thrombosis
Li Yang, Yuhong Gong, Liqing Mo, Ting Zhu, Yingxuan Dai, Xinrui Hu, Yuxi Zhu, Yi Zhao, Jianhua He
2026, 37(9): 111983  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111983
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Venous thrombosis (VT) is defined by the formation of a blood clot within a vein, leading to partial or complete obstruction of blood flow. This condition may result in severe sequelae, including chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension and post-thrombotic syndrome. As a multifactorial and episodic disorder, VT constitutes a significant contributor to global morbidity and mortality. In this review, we first seek to provide a comprehensive understanding of the intricate pathophysiological mechanisms underlying VT. Next, the diagnostic challenges posed by the nonspecific nature of clinical signs and symptoms were explored, offering an overview of current strategies aimed at enhancing diagnostic accuracy. Furthermore, treatment modalities for VT, primarily consisting of anticoagulation therapy, along with thrombolysis or surgical intervention when indicated, are discussed in detail. Considering the urgent need for safer and more effective therapeutic options, the development of nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems (DDS) capable of specific sites of thrombosis is crucial. Thus, this review further examines recent advancements in DDS for the treatment of VT. Finally, we will evaluate the prospects and significant challenges currently facing the field, offering a comprehensive overview of the research and treatment of VT.
Strategies of designing lymph nodes-targeting nanoparticles for cancer immunotherapy
Zhiyuan Huang, Fangqiu Fu, Chaoqiang Deng, Shiyang Wu, Mingxuan Huang, Xianyi Sha, Ming Q Wei, Zhiwen Zhang, Yang Zhang
2026, 37(9): 111993  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111993
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Lymph nodes (LNs), as specialized secondary lymphoid organs with highly organized micro-architecture containing various immune cells, play a pivotal role in antigen presentation and immune cell activation. Compared to traditional immunotherapy delivery methods, LN-targeted delivery demonstrates greater effectiveness in modulating the immunosuppressive environment within tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLNs), thereby activating anti-cancer immunity, and reducing potential systemic side effects. This review summarizes various types of LN-targeted nanoparticles (NPs) and factors influencing targeting efficiency as well as outlining recent advances in LN-targeted immunotherapeutic agents. It is expected that this review will provide a comprehensive understanding of the current research landscape and emerging trends in this field, offering guidance for future studies.
Advances in carbon dots applications: From fluorescent ink and functional paper to the conservation of paper cultural heritage
Jinchan Zhao, Zhenyu Dai, Bojun Zhang, Yizhuo Li, Mingliang Zhang, Shiliang Mei, Wanlu Zhang, Sinong Wang, Ruiqian Guo
2026, 37(9): 112030  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.112030
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Paper and ink serve as important media for cultural inheritance and information transmission. With the development of civilization, the research on functional paper and ink has gradually gained attention. Carbon dots (CDs) have attracted widespread interest due to their excellent photoluminescence (PL) properties, strong ultraviolet (UV) absorption, electrical characteristics, and stability. This review summarizes the functionalization applications of CDs in ink and paper, and their applications progress in paper-based cultural relics conservation. To begin, the preparation methods of CDs are introduced. Subsequently, the PL, light absorption mechanisms, and electrical properties of CDs are discussed from the perspective of structure and classification. Then, we discuss the functional applications of CDs with unique optical or electrical properties in paper and ink, and also present the research progress of CDs in the field of paper conservation. Finally, the research development and potential challenges of CDs are presented. It is believed that in the near future, more properties of CDs will be developed, paving the way for the protection, development, and commercialization of paper and ink materials.
Nanozyme-armed probiotics: Mastering redox modulation for synergistic therapy
Xiaoyu Fan, Ergui Luo, Wenjuan Wang, Zhi Du, Yi Deng, Di Huang
2026, 37(9): 112058  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.112058
[摘要]  (37) [HTML全文] (37) [PDF 926KB] (0)
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Probiotics encompass a diverse assortment of biological activities and are widely distributed in barrier organs, which enables them to dynamically modulate multiple physiological processes within the human body. Due to their diminished side effects, a spectrum of probiotic-centric functional formulations has been used as an alternative to traditional anti-inflammatory drugs. Nonetheless, probiotics are intrinsically sensitive to environmental fluctuations, which greatly limits their therapeutic effectiveness. The specific combination of probiotics with nanozymes opens up novel perspectives for resolving this issue. Nanozymes are nanomaterials that exhibit enzyme-like properties, showcasing exceptional catalytic prowess while retaining the distinctive attributes of nanomaterials. The alliance of nanozymes and probiotics demonstrates a significant synergistic effect in the treatment of diseases. On one hand, inherent targeting and metabolic properties of probiotics impart nanozymes with site-selectivity, alongside the capacity to fine-tune the catalytic microenvironment for optimized activity. On the other hand, nanozymes exhibit exceptional catalytic properties that can be leveraged to safeguard probiotics and concurrently bestow new bioactivities, thereby enhancing their therapeutic efficacy. This review underscores the therapeutic potential of nanozyme-enhanced probiotics in regulating reactive oxygen species for the synergetic therapy of various diseases, as well as the challenges associated with the biosafety of such biomimetic functional agents.
Nanostructured lipid-based adjuvants and delivery systems for antiviral vaccine development
Yan-Qi Zhao, Zi-Jian Cheng, Dian Cai, Yue-Lin Fang, Jian Xu, Hong-Lan Dai, Wen-Qi Liu, Xin-Xin Zhang
2026, 37(9): 112059  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.112059
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Lipid-based vaccines, such as liposomes, emulsions, and lipid nanoparticles, play a key role in the development of antiviral vaccines due to their unique immunomodulatory properties, capacity to serve as antigen depots, ability to protect antigens, and adjuvant effect. Among the various approved vaccines, the vast majority utilize lipid-based adjuvants and delivery systems, such as AS01, AS03, MF59, and BNT162b2. These formulations establish an inflammatory microenvironment at the injection site, recruit immune cells, and activate innate immune pathways, thereby enhancing the immunogenicity of the antigen. Concurrently, they protect antigens from enzymatic degradation and thereby maintain the stability of antigens. This review comprehensively summarizes approved lipid-based antiviral vaccines, encompassing their composition, structure, and underlying immunological mechanisms. Furthermore, it outlines emerging trends in the development of diverse lipid-based vaccine platforms, including strategies to enhance antigen loading capacity, achieve more precise targeting of antigen-presenting cells, and implement novel combinatorial approaches involving multi-platform and multi-pathway strategies. Finally, the review addresses the prevalent challenges, future development directions, industrial-scale manufacturing considerations, and quality control requirements for lipid-based vaccines, with the aim of advancing this promising field.
Nanomaterial-based drug delivery systems for ocular diseases: A review
Yuke Ji, Jia Liang, Xiangqing Hei, Lu Chen, Shudong Yu, Dong Fang, Hui Tan, Shaochong Zhang
2026, 37(9): 112062  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.112062
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Ocular diseases are the main cause of vision loss and even blindness, with treatments including topical medications (such as eye drops), intravitreal injections, and surgery. However, the eye’s complex anatomical structure and physiological barriers significantly limit drug bioavailability, affecting therapeutic efficacy. Nanomaterials have shown promise in ophthalmic drug delivery due to their unique properties. Nanomaterials can effectively penetrate ocular barriers to enhance drug permeability and bioavailability. Their ocular penetration can be further optimized by regulating nanoparticle (NP) size and surface properties, thereby prolonging drug residence time on the ocular surface and reducing administration frequency. Additionally, as controlled-release carriers, they enable sustained drug release to extend therapeutic duration and improve treatment efficacy. In addition, some nanomaterials also possess biological activities such as antioxidant, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory, making them a promising therapeutic strategy. This review focuses on the advances in nanomaterials application for ocular diseases, summarizes the mechanisms underlying nanomaterial-based drug delivery, and discusses the current challenges and future research directions, with the aim of providing new insights into the clinical application and translation of nanomaterials in ophthalmology.
Recent advances in palladium-catalysed organic synthesis using water as solvent
Kai Wang, Zhongwei Ye, Er-Qing Li, Linlin Shi
2026, 37(9): 112203  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.112203
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Palladium catalysis is regarded as a significant tool for the construction of carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bond in organic synthesis. Thus the sustainable development of this type of transformations, especially designing properly, clean chemical technology, is of great importance. Recently, water as a reaction medium has been developed in both academic laboratories and in the industry, improving the reaction activity and selectivity of the organic reaction through its own properties (such as polarity, high dielectric constant). This review focuses on palladium-catalysed organic synthesis using water as solvent, summarizing relevant articles published from 2015 to 2025. Meanwhile, mechanistic studies, supported by experimental investigations, are thoroughly reviewed to elucidate the interplay between water and palladium species in facilitating bond-forming processes. Furthermore, practical applications of these aqueous-phase methodologies in the synthesis of complex natural products and pharmaceutical intermediates are showcased, underscoring their potential for scalable and sustainable chemical manufacturing.
Multiscale engineering for regulating oxygen reduction activity in direct methanol fuel cell: A review
Shiquan Guo, Fei Chen, Congju Li
2026, 37(9): 112408  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2026.112408
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Direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) is a clean energy technology that integrates high-efficiency energy conversion with environmental benefits. However, its industrial application is hindered by the sluggish kinetics of the cathode oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). This key scientific challenge has driven diversified advances in high-performance ORR electrocatalysts. This review systematically outlines the reaction mechanisms and ORR pathways in DMFC. Furthermore, it comprehensively summarizes recent advances in multi-scale modification strategies, including methanol tolerance optimization, rational design of active sites, electronic structure tailoring, surface/interface micro-environment engineering, and additional modulation approaches for enhancing ORR performance. Additionally, the mechanisms for enhancing intrinsic catalytic activity are discussed in depth, along with the elucidation of the structure-activity relationship governing catalyst performance in terms of activity, selectivity, and stability. Finally, in light of the critical challenges currently facing DMFC cathode catalysts, future directions and development pathways for catalyst design are proposed.
Sustainable organic salt-derived porous carbons: Activation/self-activation fabrication, dimensional control and environmental applications
Mingxing Shi, Jiahui Liu, Wei Jin, Zahira Bano, Yubo Pan, Jianzhe Ma, Xu Wu, Huijuan Jia, Guolin Tong
2026, 37(9): 112411  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2026.112411
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Although porous carbons (PCs) are promising materials for environmental remediation, their synthesis strategies face high cost, strong device corrosion and severe environmental hazards. This review overviews sustainable organic salt-derived PCs (OAPCs), emphasizing their dual role as activators and self-activators. Meanwhile, six different organic salts are identified for the unique decomposition pathways and activation mechanisms, governing hierarchical porous formation, heteroatom doping, etc. Crucially, the dimensional control of OAPCs from 0D to 3D is min discussed, which favors optimizing ion transport and surface accessibility. The environmental applications of OAPCs are further assessed, proving high potential value in the adsorption, capacitive deionization (CDI), peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation, electro-Fenton (EF) and microwave absorption. These advancements mainly rely on the tailored morphology and porosity, high conductivity and improved hydrophilicity. Overall, this review provides new insights into sustainable OAPCs, bridging fundamental mechanisms to practical environmental solutions.
Machine learning in electrocatalytic ammonia synthesis: A mini review on catalyst discovery and optimization
Yajun Mao, Huchuan Yan, Keteng Li, Cui Lai, Xing Fan, Dengsheng Ma, Guangming Zeng, Lei Qin
2026, 37(9): 112440  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2026.112440
[摘要]  (31) [HTML全文] (31) [PDF 1706KB] (0)
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The availability of extensive catalytic data from experiments and computations has facilitated the utilization of machine learning (ML) in developing electrocatalysts for the electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (eNRR). ML has emerged as an effective paradigm to accelerate the discovery and optimization of eNRR catalysts, leveraging its capabilities in automated processing, interpretation, and prediction of high-performance candidates. Crucially, ML enabled the construction of precise data-driven models, establishing key structure-property relationships between material characteristics (e.g., electronic structure, surface properties) and target catalytic performance (activity, selectivity, stability). This review systematically summarized recent advances in ML for eNRR. ML and deep learning methodologies are examined, focusing on two critical aspects: high-throughput catalyst screening and electrocatalytic process optimization. A critical assessment is provided on the commonalities and challenges in model development, encompassing dataset construction, optimal model selection, and interpretability. Finally, current limitations of ML in eNRR research are discussed and the future perspectives and opportunities for the field are also outlined.
Parametric study of hydrothermal liquefaction of macroalgae for bio-oil production upgrading: A review
Zhaoying Li, Wanlong Zhao, Chenyu Yang, Yingnan Duan, Xianghao Zha, Zhurui Shen
2026, 37(9): 112441  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2026.112441
[摘要]  (33) [HTML全文] (33) [PDF 1125KB] (0)
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Macroalgae, as the third-generation biomass energy source, is considered the most promising form of renewable energy to replace fossil-based energy resources. Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is a low-carbon conversion technology that transforms macroalgae into liquid biofuels by decomposing and converting macroalgal biomass. This review, based on a summary of recent literature, first outlines the environmental risks associated with macroalgae blooms and highlights the benefits of utilizing hydrothermal liquefaction technology for macroalgae treatment. Subsequently, it elaborates on the key factors influencing the hydrothermal liquefaction of macroalgae, including reaction temperature, reaction time, catalyst type, and solution conditions. The results indicate that bio-oil production and consumption occur concurrently during the hydrothermal liquefaction of macroalgae. As reaction temperature and time increase, the bio-oil yield exhibits a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. When the reaction temperature is excessively high or the reaction time is prolonged, the bio-oil consuming reactions gradually dominate, resulting in reduced bio-oil yields. Compared to homogeneous catalysts, heterogeneous catalysts have garnered greater attention due to their superior catalytic performance and recyclability. The findings demonstrate that mixed solutions are more conducive to bio-oil production than aqueous solutions. Furthermore, this review examines the latest advancements in hydrothermal liquefaction technologies, as well as the elemental migration occurring during the process. The current challenges associated with bio-oils include their high production costs and complex compositions, necessitating further investigation and forming the cornerstone of future research endeavors.
DNAzyme-based sensing tools
Shan Huang, Xinyi Jing, Jin Shao, Xiaoming Ren, Xiaojun Chen
2026, 37(9): 112451  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2026.112451
[摘要]  (30) [HTML全文] (30) [PDF 1560KB] (0)
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DNAzyme is an artificially created deoxyribonuclease that is produced through in vitro screening. Due to the special properties of DNAzyme, such as catalytic activity, recognition function, excellent thermal stability and flexible designability, it has a broad prospect in constructing biosensors. Many innovative biosensors have been developed by integrating DNAzymes with nanomaterials that exhibit distinct physicochemical properties. This review focuses on the classification and application of DNAzyme-based biosensors, such as RNA-cleavage DNAzyme (8-17, 10-23 DNAzyme), peroxidase mimicking DNAzyme. Finally, some risks and challenges in this field are also discussed.
Surface and interfacial engineering in photocatalytic water splitting: Catalyst design strategies and mechanisms
Xue Zhang, Zixuan Zhang, Zongyang Ya, Shengbo Zhang, Hua Wang
2026, 37(9): 112456  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2026.112456
[摘要]  (33) [HTML全文] (33) [PDF 1964KB] (0)
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Photocatalytic water splitting provides a sustainable approach for converting solar energy into H2. Surface and interfacial engineering has become crucial strategies for enhancing photochemical efficiency and optimizing active sites. This review outlines several primary design strategies, including heteroatom doping (encompassing nonmetal and metal atomic doping), functional group modification, defect engineering, and heterostructure construction. These strategies aim to improve charge separation and surface reaction efficiency. The mechanistic roles of these strategies in metal oxides, sulfides, and carbon nitrides are discussed in terms of band structure tuning, the formation of electron transport pathways, and the modulation of intermediate adsorption energetics. The review examines the synergistic effects of these strategies in enhancing photocatalytic efficiency, stability, and environmental adaptability. Finally, we address future challenges, including interfacial structural stability, in situ characterization of reaction dynamics, and potential applications in sustainable energy systems. We believe that this review will provide insights into developing high-performance photocatalysts for water splitting.
Natural product synthesis facilitated by the deuterium isotope effects (DIE)
Xiaojuan Chen, Yao Zhu, Muhammad Suleman, Ranjit Murmu, Hai-Hua Lu, Zhiyuan Chen
2026, 37(9): 112510  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2026.112510
[摘要]  (34) [HTML全文] (34) [PDF 1542KB] (0)
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When a deuterium atom (2H or D) replaces a hydrogen atom (1H) in a reactant molecule, the observed change in the rate (kinetic isotope effect, KIE) or equilibrium (equilibrium isotope effect, EIE) of a chemical reaction is known as a deuterium isotope effect (DIE). Because deuterium is twice as heavy as hydrogen, its zero-point energies (ZPEs), which are the lowest vibrational energies that a bond may have, differ significantly. Due to the obvious advantages of deuterium isotope effects (DIE) in total synthesis and mounting importance of deuterated drugs in pharmaceutical industry, development of synthetic routes to these deuterium-based active drugs via DIE is a challenging and important task. The primary goal of this mini-REVIEW is to demonstrate the novel uses of the DIE effect by placing the D atom at specific locations on drug molecules. This has been shown to serve as a "removable blocking group" to enhance yields and selectivity, while suppressing side reactions in the crucial stages of the complete synthesis of certain drug molecules. This review may be served as a perspective or guide for future study as well as inspire further innovative advancements in the field of total synthesis, and stimulate their applications in the related mechanistic studies.
Micron silicon anodes for superior lithium storage: A view from chemical-mechanical degradation mechanisms to interface electrolyte systematic design
Yaoce Wang, Keyu Zhang, Xinyu Jiang, Binbin Li, Bo Jin, Juan Yang, Xiangyang Zhou, Bin Yang, Yaochun Yao
2026, 37(9): 112631  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2026.112631
[摘要]  (32) [HTML全文] (32) [PDF 2951KB] (0)
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Silicon is considered as one of the most promising anodes for next-generation lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to its high theoretical specific capacity (3579 mAh/g) and abundant natural reserves. Compared to nano silicon, micron silicon offers distinct advantages, including lower specific surface area, reduced interfacial side reactions, higher initial coulombic efficiency, greater tap density, and lower cost, making it highly attractive for practical applications. However, its commercial viability is hindered by severe volume expansion, localized stress accumulation, repeated formation of unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layers, and electrical disconnection during cycling, which together result in rapid capacity fading and high irreversible capacity loss. Recent advances in electrolyte engineering, particularly interfacial modification strategies, have significantly improved the performance of micron silicon anodes by mitigating these challenges. This review provides an integrated perspective on the application of micron-sized silicon anodes by correlating lithium storage mechanisms, failure behaviors, and electrolyte-electrode interfacial evolution. Based on a systematic discussion of silicon lithiation/delithiation processes and associated structural instability, we clarify how interfacial degradation and irreversible lithium consumption govern the electrochemical performance of micron silicon. Then, electrolyte optimization strategies are critically analyzed, with an explicit comparison between liquid electrolyte regulation and solid-state electrolyte (SSE) design, highlighting their distinct roles in interfacial stabilization, stress accommodation, and cycling durability. From an electrolyte system design standpoint, this review summarizes integrated design principles for improving micron silicon performance and discusses the remaining challenges and opportunities toward their commercial application in high-energy-density battery systems.
Fluorine-containing drugs approved by the FDA in 2025
Qian Wang, Yeping Bian, Elias Abouchabaka, Daniel Baecker, Gagan Dhawan, Anas Semghouli, Loránd Kiss, Wei Zhang, Vadim A. Soloshonok, Jianlin Han
2026, 37(9): 112640  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2026.112640
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Fluorine substitution has emerged as a cornerstone of modern drug design, profoundly influencing the pharmacological properties of therapeutic agents. Owing to its high electronegativity and small atomic radius, fluorine imparts unique electronic and steric effects that enhance lipophilicity, metabolic stability, binding affinity, and pKa, thereby improving efficacy, bioavailability, and pharmacokinetics. Often referred to as an "enchanted atom", fluorine can decisively alter the trajectory of drug candidates, reducing attrition and increasing clinical success. Within synthetic organic chemistry, the pursuit of novel biologically active compounds is closely tied to monitoring advances in approved pharmaceuticals, with fluorine-containing drugs representing one of the most dynamic areas of innovation. In this review, we profile fourteen new pharmaceuticals approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2025, including datopotamab deruxtecan, suzetrigine, mirdametinib, avutometinib/defactinib, taletrectinib, sunvozertinib, sebetralstat, rilzabrutinib, imlunestrant, paltusotine, remibrutinib, elinzanetant, ziftomenib, and zoliflodacin. For each compound, we examine the medicinal chemistry discovery, therapeutic application, and FDA approval timeline, with particular emphasis on synthetic strategies and the role of fluorine incorporation. This review aims to provide a timely resource and inspiration for researchers in academia and the pharmaceutical industry, as well as for students engaged in drug design, fluorine chemistry, and medicinal chemistry.
Advancements in electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction to ammonia
Jie Hou, Bin Liu, Wenjing Zheng, Yaling Wang, Guangqun Cao, Shengliang Hu
2026, 37(9): 112689  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2026.112689
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The electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) is widely regarded as a promising sustainable alternative to the energy-intensive Haber-Bosch process for ammonia synthesis. In recent years, a large number of studies have focused on enhancing key NRR performance metrics, particularly Faradaic efficiency and ammonia (NH3) yield rate, leading to notable progress in both areas. Despite these advances, the development of low-cost, high-performance electrocatalysts remains the primary challenge and a major bottleneck to large-scale industrial application. This review summarizes the current understanding of NRR mechanisms and reaction pathways, as well as recent progress in electrochemical cell design, quantitative NH3 detection strategies, and electrocatalyst development. Focusing on electrocatalysts, we provide an overview of the major classes of electrocatalysts including noble metals, transition metals, single-atom systems, metal-organic frameworks, and non-metallic materials. Furthermore, we compare their respective advantages and limitations. Finally, we outline the key challenges and future directions for engineering next-generation electrocatalysts capable of achieving high-efficiency nitrogen fixation.
Perspective
Covalent-organic frameworks: An intelligent platform for photocatalytic uranium reduction and separation
Zhongshan Chen, Jianen Li, Qiao Ma, Xishi Tai, Jiehong Lei, Xiangke Wang
2026, 37(9): 112485  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2026.112485
[摘要]  (33) [HTML全文] (33) [PDF 1168KB] (0)
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Covalent-organic frameworks (COFs) have attracted growing interest as photocatalytic materials for uranium extraction because of their tunable structures and adjustable optoelectronic properties. This perspective summarizes recent progress in COF-based systems for the selective capture and photoreduction of U(Ⅵ), with a focus on molecular design strategies such as band-structure regulation, donor-acceptor framework construction, and interfacial functionalization to improve visible-light utilization and charge separation. Key mechanistic aspects of photoinduced uranium conversion, including electron-transfer pathways, uranium valence evolution, and interfacial reaction kinetics, are discussed. Current challenges, such as uncertainty in reduction products, incomplete mechanistic understanding, and limited cycling stability, are also addressed by highlighting the role of in situ characterization combined with theoretical analysis. Finally, the potential of artificial intelligence-assisted design and the development of macroscopic COF forms, such as aerogels and membranes, are briefly discussed as routes toward practical uranium extraction.
Editorial
Donor–acceptor covalent organic frameworks: Enhanced photocatalytic activity through synergistic utilization of singlet and triplet excitation energies
Yifan Fan, Tao Tu
2026, 37(9): 112735  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2026.112735
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Stabilizing inverted perovskite solar cells by phosphonic acid-based molecules
Wenbin Lai, Jinrui Chang, Gongqiang Li
2026, 37(9): 112780  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2026.112780
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Oral administration of 4′-fluorouridine provides a breakthrough for Lassa fever therapy
Qi Zheng, Xiaoyi Hu, Linan Wu, Wenzhong Zhou, Peng Zhan, Shenghua Gao
2026, 37(9): 112910  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2026.112910
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Corrigendum
Corrigendum to “A metal-free bionic nanozyme for efficient inhibition of cancer recurrence and metastasis following photothermal therapy” [Chinese Chemical Letters 36 (2025) 111030]
Lingdan Kong, Pingping Huang, Feng Yuan, Yue Zhang, Xiaoqian Shi, Kang Han, Keke Liu, Qing Xu, Wenjing Zhang, Tom Lawson, Xiaoru Xia, Yong Liu, Yuepeng Jin
2026, 37(9): 112822  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2026.112822
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2026 Vol.37
2025 Vol.36
2024 Vol.35
2023 Vol.34
2022 Vol.33
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2020 Vol.31
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2019 Vol.30
2018 Vol.29
2017 Vol.28
2016 Vol.27
2015 Vol.26
2014 Vol.25
2013 Vol.24
2012 Vol.23
2011 Vol.22
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2009 Vol.20
2008 Vol.19
2007 Vol.18
2006 Vol.17
2005 Vol.16
2004 Vol.15
2003 Vol.14
2002 Vol.13
2001 Vol.12
2000 Vol.11
1999 Vol.10
1998 Vol.9
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1996 Vol.7
1995 Vol.6
1994 Vol.5
1993 Vol.4
1992 Vol.3
1991 Vol.2
1990 Vol.1

栏目

  

Communication
Rational synthesis of highly charged E9 (E = Ge, Sn) dimer and trimer with Nb/Au bridges
Ya-Shan Huang, Wen-Juan Tian, Jing-Xuan Zhang, Zhong-Ming Sun
2026, 37(5): 110827  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.110827
[摘要]  (726) [HTML全文] (726) [PDF 796KB] (726)
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Oxidation-coupled clusters of [E9]4– are rarely synthesised, and the investigation of their reactivity is profoundly hindered by their high charge and limited yield. In this study, we successfully synthesized two Nb-containing clusters [(Ge9–Ge9)(NbCp2)2]4– (1a) and [(Ge9=Ge9=Ge9)NbCp2]5– (2a), by reacting [Ge9–Ge9]6– and [Ge9=Ge9=Ge9]6– with NbCp4. Theoretical calculations indicate that the formation of 1a and 2a from dimer and trimer is thermodynamically favorable. Furthermore, a Au-containing cluster incorporating the dimeric [Sn9–Sn9]6– cluster, [Au(Sn9–Sn9)]5– (3a), was successfully synthesized, despite the inability to independently synthesize [Sn9–Sn9]6–. A systematic bonding analysis was conducted on these newly synthesized clusters and their parent structures to investigate their bonding patterns.
Construction of near-infrared active nickel(Ⅱ) nanoplatform for treating wound bacterial infection
Ruijing Zhang, Yangyuting Zhou, Song Gao, Jun-Long Zhang
2026, 37(5): 110829  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.110829
[摘要]  (674) [HTML全文] (674) [PDF 1805KB] (674)
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The rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and the formation of biofilms are significant challenges in surgical practice, posing a serious threat to public health due to postoperative wound infections. A promising approach to tackle this issue is the combination of photothermal therapy (PTT) and chemodynamic therapy (CDT), which has shown remarkable effectiveness in treating both cancer and wound infections. In our study, we developed an innovative artificial nanoplatform called Ni-2@F127 by encapsulating Ni-2 in a biocompatible Pluronic. When exposed to 880 nm laser irradiation, Ni-2@F127 exhibited exceptional photothermal performance, achieving a photothermal conversion efficiency of 60.4%, along with significant photocatalytic capabilities. This platform activates a Fenton-like reaction that catalyzes hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), producing toxic hydroxyl radicals (•OH) effectively. The synergistic effects of hyperthermia and •OH not only destroy tumor cells but also demonstrate powerful antimicrobial activity, significantly inhibiting the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) in vitro under near-infrared (NIR) irradiation. Importantly, in animal models, Ni-2@F127 effectively eliminates S. aureus from deep tissues in cases of subcutaneous abscesses and knife injuries, significantly accelerating abscess resolution and promoting wound healing. The compelling evidence suggests that Ni-based metal complexes could serve as transformative antibacterial agents in phototherapy, unlocking vast potential for their application in wound healing and the treatment of bacterial infections.
Oxygen defect-mediated Li-ion transport for long-cycle solid-state lithium metal batteries
Zi-Hao Zuo, Jiang-Kui Hu, Xi-Long Wang, Shi-Jie Yang, Wei-Qi Mai, Yao-Hui Zhu, Zheng Liao, Jia Liu, Hong Yuan, Jia-Qi Huang
2026, 37(5): 110851  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.110851
[摘要]  (760) [HTML全文] (760) [PDF 986KB] (760)
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Solid-state lithium (Li) metal batteries have attracted significant attention due to their high energy density and improved safety performance. However, sluggish Li-ion transport and rapid anion migration in solid-state electrolytes often result in heterogeneous Li-ion flux distribution and thus Li dendrite growth. Herein, we developed a highly conductive composite solid electrolyte with an elevated Li-ion transference number through incorporating Gd-doped CeO2 (GDC) nanofillers with abundant surface oxygen defects into poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) matrices. The defect concentrations were effectively controlled by regulating the Gd doping ratio in CeO2. As a result, the highest oxygen concentration of 12.2% is achieved for the GDC with 10% Gd doping (GDC-10). The GDC-10 electrolyte demonstrated a high Li-ion transference number of 0.59 and an improved ionic conductivity of 0.40 mS/cm at room temperature, attributed to anion immobilization and enhanced Li-salt dissociation. This was due to the strong interactions between positively charged oxygen vacancies and anions, which effectively reduces surface concentration polarization and homogenizes Li-ion flux. Therefore, LiLi symmetric cells exhibited exceptional cycling stability of 1500 h without noticeable Li dendrite growth at 1 mA/cm2 and 1 mAh/cm2. Furthermore, LiLiFePO4 full cell also stably cycles for 500 cycles with a capacity retention of 90.44% at 1 C. This work provides new insights into the design of composite solid electrolytes through the defect regulation of fillers.
Ultrafast synthesis of tetragonal-distorted FeCoNiCuCr high-entropy alloy nanoparticles for enhanced OER performance
Xindong Zhu, Wen Huang, Lan Tan, Zhongzheng Yao, Xiao Yang, Ruoyu Song, Mingxiao Chen, Dong Liu, Jianrong Zeng, He Zhu, Si Lan
2026, 37(5): 110852  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.110852
[摘要]  (757) [HTML全文] (757) [PDF 921KB] (757)
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High-entropy alloys (HEAs) have emerged as promising electrocatalysts due to their unique compositional complexity and tunable electronic structures. However, achieving rapid and efficient synthesis of HEA nanoparticles (NPs) with high electrocatalytic activity and understanding their structural and electronic characteristics remains challenging. Here, we report the synthesis of FeCoNiCuCr HEA NPs via an ultrafast carbon thermal shock (CTS) method. Local structural investigations combining synchrotron pair distribution function (PDF) and X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) reveal that incorporating Cr introduces local tetragonal distortions, resulting in residual strain that enhances catalytic performance. This local distortion could be attributed to atomic-scale elemental segregation between Cr and Cu, further stabilizing the structure and improving activity. These synergistic effects, combined with uniform carbon-loaded NPs morphology achieved by the CTS process, enable superior OER performance. This study highlights the role of structural and electronic modulation in HEA catalysts, offering valuable insights for the design of next-generation electrocatalysts.
Emission regulation in 0D hybrid copper halides via structural transformation: From defect to non-defect states for information encryption and storage
Lin Yang, Xia Liu, Bohan Li, Zhuo Liu, Yani Li, Canzhi Shi, Yan Xu
2026, 37(5): 110858  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.110858
[摘要]  (705) [HTML全文] (705) [PDF 1229KB] (705)
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Zero-dimensional (0D) hybrid copper halides have attracted significant attention owing to their unique photophysical properties and remarkable structural diversity. In this work, two 0D self-assemblies compounds of copper iodide dimers were synthesized, namely, (4-MBTP)2(Cu2I4)0.5I (1) and (4-MBTP)(Cu2I4)0.5 (2) (4-MBTP = (4-methylbenzyl)triphenylphosphonium chloride). Compound 1 exhibits blue emission centered at 474 nm, while compound 2 shows yellow emission centered at 559 nm at room temperature. The results combined with crystal structure, spectroscopy analysis, characterization, and theoretical studies reveal that the blue light of compound 1 stems from multiple defect states caused by the presence of I vacancies, while the yellow emission of compound 2 is attributed to through-space charge-transfer (TSCT) and cluster-centered (CC) excited state. Strikingly, the crystal structure can transform from compound 1 into compound 2 with luminescence color change from blue to yellow through treating with methanol. This work provides a structural transformation strategy of hybrid copper halides, as well as realizes the regulation of light emission from defect states to non-defect states, making them feasible candidates for information encryption and optical data storage.
Alkaline lysine additive enables highly stable Zn anode for aqueous zinc-ion batteries
Guangbin Wang, Binrui Xu, Bo Zhao, Yifei Pei, Haoming Li, Wanhong Zhang, Yong Liu
2026, 37(5): 110859  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.110859
[摘要]  (739) [HTML全文] (739) [PDF 1159KB] (739)
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Rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries (RAZIBs) have been considered as viable alternatives to lithium-ion batteries in electrochemical energy storage due to their intrinsic safety, low cost, and environmental friendliness. However, the further practical application of RAZIBs is restricted by the growth of zinc dendrites and severe side reactions during cycling. To address these issues, we proposed a new lysine (Lys) additive to the ZnSO4 electrolyte, the hydrolyzed Lys+ cations can be adsorbed on the Zn anode's surface to modify the interface between the zinc electrode and the ZnSO4 electrolyte. This modification helps weaken the "tip effect" and guides the uniform zinc deposition, effectively alleviating the formation of zinc dendrites. Additionally, introducing alkaline Lys can regulate the pH value of the ZnSO4 electrolyte and suppress side reactions, thereby decreasing the production of by-products. Consequently, the Zn||Zn symmetric cell with Lys additive stably cycled for 4500 h at 1 mA/cm2, and the Zn||NH4V4O10 full cell with Lys additive exhibited improved performance (with a capacity retention of 72% after 1000 cycles) at 5 A/g. This strategy provides valuable insights for developing stable Zn anode toward high-performance RAZIBs.
NbN as cathode catalysis for lithium-sulfur batteries: Unlocking sulfur conversion kinetics
Rongjin Lin, Shuiping Cai, Chen Cheng, Changyong Zhao, Yingkang Tian, Xiaofei Yang, Xuejie Gao, Runcang Sun
2026, 37(5): 110862  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.110862
[摘要]  (702) [HTML全文] (702) [PDF 827KB] (702)
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The dissolution of lithium polysulfides (Li2Sx, 4 ≤ x ≤ 8, LiPSs) intermediates and slow redox kinetics are the main factors leading to the rapid capacity degradation of lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs), significantly limits the practical development of LSBs. To overcome challenges, NbN embedded in nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (NbN@NCNT) composites were synthesized here as sulfur hosts by taking advantage of the superior electrical conductivity and excellent catalytic activity of the metal nitride NbN. The incorporation of NbN enhanced the polysulfides conversion efficiency and suppressed the shuttling effect, thereby enhancing cycling stability in LSBs. XPS results revealed the formation of Li2S, indicating that Li2S8 was sufficiently effectively reduced and catalytically converted to the Li2S. Consequently, after 100 cycles, the capacity retention rate of LSBs using the S/NbN@NCNT electrode reached 71.5% at a current density of 2 mA/cm2 with a high sulfur loading of 3 mg/cm2. More importantly, even at high current density of 8 mA/cm2, the battery assembled with NbN@NCNT was still able to reach the high capacity of 878.14 mAh/g, demonstrating outstanding rate capability. This study offered novel insights into the potential for enhancing the sulfur reaction kinetics in LSBs.
MOF-derived porous Co3O4 nanosheets array assembled on SnO2 nanofibers for humidity-resistant high efficiency acetone detection
Jinwu Hu, Feng Wang, Jiejie Yu, Zijun Hong, Wenhui Zhang, Hui-Jun Li, Zhuangchai Lai, Ding Wang, Yonghui Deng, Guisheng Li
2026, 37(5): 110863  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.110863
[摘要]  (665) [HTML全文] (665) [PDF 1368KB] (665)
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Semiconducting metal oxide based gas sensors exhibit great promise for convenient detection of acetone, a biomarker gas in the exhaled breath of type-Ⅰ diabetes patients. However, the detection usually suffers the interference from exhaled moisture. To overcome this challenge, in this work, a novel hierarchical heterojunction structure consisting of SnO2 nanofiber core and Co3O4 nanosheet shell (denoted as SnO2@Co3O4 core-shell composite) was proposed for fabricating acetone sensor with excellent humidity resistance. Compared with SnO2 nanofibers and Co3O4 nanosheets, the SnO2@Co3O4 showed the highest sensing response, with a response value (Rg/Ra) of 11.27-50 ppm acetone at 110 ℃. In addition, the hierarchical SnO2@Co3O4 core-shell structure shows fast response/recovery speed (19/43 s), lower detection limit (125 ppb), excellent selectivity and stability in a humidity environment (relative humidity 30%-90%) with a relative change of only 3%. The enhanced gas sensing performance toward acetone is attributed to the synergistic effect between the two components, the unique core-shell hierarchical structure and the rich oxygen vacancy density. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the SnO2@Co3O4 has higher acetone adsorption energy than the two components. In addition, a novel SnO2@Co3O4 gas sensing module and smart portable sensor device enable efficient real-time monitoring of acetone concentrations on a smartphone via Bluetooth communication.
Elucidation of the CO2 adsorption mechanism of [Zn2(mtz)2(ox)] using neutron powder diffraction
Lingxiang Bao, Jing-Hong Li, Rui-Biao Lin, Jianyuan Wu, Zhenhong Tan, Wu Xie, Wenhai Ji, Dong Zhang, Anucha Koedtruad, Jingjing Ma, Wang Hay Kan, Feng Pan, Toru Ishigaki, Takashi Kamiyama, Ping Miao
2026, 37(5): 110864  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.110864
[摘要]  (663) [HTML全文] (663) [PDF 534KB] (663)
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Metal-organic framework [Zn2(tz)2(ox)] (CALF-20) has attracted great attention due to its excellent ability to capture carbon dioxide. There are great interests to develop similar adsorbents for gas adsorption and separation. To develop more efficient porous adsorbent, it is essential to study the relationship between these structures and properties. Neutron diffraction has been proved to be an excellent tool for determining both the structural details of MOF host and the precise locations of adsorbed gas within the pore, offering unique opportunities for understanding the structure-properties relationship. Herein, we report the synthesis and structure characterization of MOF [Zn2(mtz)2(ox)], which exhibits high CO2 adsorption capacity. Neutron powder diffraction experiment on the solvated, the activated and CO2 loaded samples unveils the preferred binding sites of CO2 within the MOFs, where CO2 locates toward the center of the pore and interacts with methyl group or triazole via CH···O hydrogen bonding. The adsorption process of CO2 in [Zn2(mtz)2(ox)] is accompanied by the cell volume expansion, so [Zn2(mtz)2(ox)] with more compact structure can show a better adsorption performance. The structure-properties relationship in [Zn2(mtz)2(ox)] elucidated by present study offer a path to develop more advanced porous physisorbent materials.
Dynamically stabilized PtCuNi/C catalyst enabled by oxygen vacancies in WO3-x
Zihou Zhang, Haozhe Xu, Yuxiang Wang, Pin Fang, Olga Demidenko, Yujing Li
2026, 37(5): 110889  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.110889
[摘要]  (730) [HTML全文] (730) [PDF 1343KB] (730)
摘要:
The replacement of Pt/C catalysts with Pt-based alloy catalysts was considered a promising strategy to reduce platinum-group-metal (PGM) content in proton exchange membrane fuel cell. However, inexpensive transition metal atoms in Pt-based alloy catalysts are subject to metal dissolution issues, leading to stability issues of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts. In this work, a PtCuNi/C-WO3-x catalyst is designed employing non-stoichiometric WO3-x with abundant oxygen vacancies (Ovac). The WO3-x can dramatically improve the stability of PtCuNi without sacrificing the activity. Theoretical calculation suggests a decreased vacancy formation energy of W in WO3-x at the presence of Ovac, as well as increased vacancy formation energies of Pt/Cu/Ni in PtCuNi alloy particles with the existence of surface W dopant. Combined with the experimental discovery of slower dissolution rates of metals in PtCuNi/C-WO3-x catalyst, a dissolution-induced stability enhancement mechanism is proposed, whereby facilitated dissolution of W atoms from WO3-x bulk could re-deposit on Pt-alloy surface and inhibit the dissolution of catalytically active metal atoms, revealing a dynamic process that enhances the stability. The PtCuNi/C-WO3-x also shows great potential to be used as cathode catalyst in membrane electrode assembly for high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells.
Theoretical simulation and experimental study toward the isomerization of dibenzothiophene based hole transporting materials for perovskite solar cells
Ruiqin Wang, Lei Yang, Jiayi Qi, Xin Chen, Ming Li, Yong Hua, Rongxing He, Xiaorui Liu
2026, 37(5): 110891  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.110891
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摘要:
Structural design is an effective way to realize the functional construction of hole transporting materials (HTMs). In order to have an insight into the relationship between molecular structure and function of HTMs, three isomeric HTMs (RQ1, RQ2 and RQ3) are constructed with functional group of dibenzothiophene which is connected to different positions on the side chains of carbazole-aromatic derivatives. In combination with computational simulation and experimental study, although the isomeric RQ1–RQ3 with the same molecular formula exhibit similar frontier molecular orbital energy levels and optical absorption, their hole transporting ability and interaction at perovskite/HTMs interface in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are completely different. In comparison with the RQ2 (18.69%) and RQ3 (22.56%), the results indicate that the molecule RQ1 in PSCs application can yield higher power conversion efficiency (23.50%) because of its higher hole mobility and effective charge transfer at perovskite/HTMs interface. Moreover, the mutually corroborating between the computational simulation and the experimental results demonstrate the reliability of the theoretical model for molecular design of isomeric HTMs. This strategy of obtaining high-performance HTMs through simple structural design is expected to inspire researchers to further optimize the efficiency of PSCs.
Single crystal P2-type layered cathodes with optimized crystal plane orientation improved high voltage stability for sodium-ion batteries
Jiaxuan Liu, Nan Zhang, Huiming Shi, Zhipeng He, Zhiyu Zhang, Dianlong Wang, Huakun Liu, Shixue Dou, Bo Wang
2026, 37(5): 110892  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.110892
[摘要]  (773) [HTML全文] (773) [PDF 1196KB] (773)
摘要:
Traditional polycrystalline P2 layered oxides face challenges such as irreversible phase transitions, poor air stability, and structural distortion, which negatively impact their electrochemical performance. In this study, a single-crystal material, P2-Na2/3Ni1/4Mn2/3Mg1/12O2 (SC-NMM), was synthesized using co-precipitation coupled with the molten salt method. Owing to the strong integrity and high thermal stability of the main {001} planes of the large-sized single crystal, SC-NMM exhibits a high reversible specific capacity (173.5 mAh/g at 20 mA/g) and stable cycle performance (93.38% capacity retention after 100 cycles at 100 mA/g) at high voltage. Additionally, the Na-ion full cell constructed with the SC-NMM cathode and hard carbon anode demonstrates a cathode energy density of 397.4 Wh/kg. The excellent electrochemical performance of SC-NMM originates from the reversible anion redox and single-phase solid solution reaction mechanism. This work provides a reference for synthesizing single-crystal layered transition metal oxides with high electrochemical performance by eliminating irreversible phase transitions through crystal orientation modulation.
Synergy of constructing robust hybrid interphase and weakly solvating electrolyte for low-temperature aqueous zinc-ion batteries
Wen Liu, Qiwen Zhao, Hongli Qi, Dongping Chen, Fengcheng Tang, Xiaoyu Liu, Huaming Yu, Gang Zhou, Yuejiao Chen, Libao Chen
2026, 37(5): 110893  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.110893
[摘要]  (711) [HTML全文] (711) [PDF 1177KB] (711)
摘要:
Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) have emerged as strong contenders for large-scale energy storage solutions, attributed to their cost-effectiveness and enhanced safety profiles. Nevertheless, their widespread adoption is currently hindered by their poor performance in low-temperature conditions. Herein, an electrolyte is developed by utilizing weakly solvated and film-forming molecule dimethyl sulfite (DMS) to achieve smooth de-solvation and high ionic conductivity at low temperature. The DMS disrupts the hydrogen bonding network of water and lowers the freezing point of the electrolyte to -40.9 ℃. The designed electrolyte achieves ionic conductivity up to 10.75 mS/cm at -30 ℃. Due to the chemical reactivity of DMS and trifluoromethanesulfonate anions in the Zn2+-solvation shell, a ZnF2-ZnS hybrid solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is successively generated on Zn metal surface. Mechanistic studies reveal that such robust hybrid interphase can promote Zn2+ desolvation and rapid Zn2+ transport. In addition, the addition of DMS effectively suppresses the dendritic growth, hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), and corrosion-induced passivation on the anode surface, facilitating long-term cycling at subzero temperatures. At -40 ℃, the Zn//Zn symmetrical cell cycles for 1200 h at 0.5 mA/cm2 and 0.5 mAh/cm2, and the Zn//NVO cell achieves an ultra-long cycle life of 1000 cycles with a high capacity retention of 82.89% at 1 A/g.
Intelligent structure modulator for enhancing wide-temperature compatibility of aqueous zinc-ion batteries
Xiaoxi Zhao, Qingyun Dou, Bingjun Yang, Qunji Xue, Xingbin Yan
2026, 37(5): 110952  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.110952
[摘要]  (764) [HTML全文] (764) [PDF 1447KB] (764)
摘要:
Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) are the low-cost and safe secondary battery technology with great application prospects, but remain hindered by the severe Zn-electrolyte interface compatibility, especially in extreme environmental temperature. Innovative electrolyte design is the key to solving the above problems. Here, we introduce an electrolyte additive of Poloxamer 407 (P407) as a solvation restructuring agent and H2O cluster modulator, effectively stabilizing H2O molecules and suppressing parasitic reactions. Meanwhile, P407 facilitates the formation of a stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) composed of organic-inorganic composite, thereby improving the interfacial chemistry. More importantly, the thermoreversible gelation property of P407 enhances the system’s high-temperature stability by forming micelle network structures that effectively retains H2O molecules, while at low temperature, it maintains the fluidity of the electrolyte, ensuring efficient ion transport. By using P407-containing electrolyte, the Zn anode achieves long cycling life of 4000, 850, and 1000 h at 30, 60 and −30 ℃, respectively. Moreover, the modified electrolyte enables the Zn-V2O5 full cells to achieve excellent rate performance and cycling stability in a wide temperature range from −30 ℃ to 60 ℃. This study highlights a simple yet effective strategy for electrolyte modification using P407, providing a pathway toward the development of high-performance AZIBs with broad temperature adaptability.
Size effect of graphite anode with boosted capacitive solvated-Na+ co-intercalation for high-power sodium-ion capacitors
Xiaojuan Huang, Zerui Yan, Xiaoqing Chang, Dafu Tang, Qiulong Wei
2026, 37(5): 110953  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.110953
[摘要]  (723) [HTML全文] (723) [PDF 956KB] (723)
摘要:
Solvated-ion co-intercalation mechanism with high-rate capability properties makes graphite anode reconsider as optional anode for sodium-ion batteries and capacitors. The size effect has been widely investigated for various transition metal oxide materials, but such influences on the co-intercalation mechanism remain largely unexplored. In this study, natural graphite anodes with different particle sizes ranging from 25 µm to 1.7 µm for [Na(diglyme)x]+ co-interaction are systematically investigated through detailed kinetics analysis and in-situ X-ray diffraction characterization. Importantly, we find that the reaction pathways of the co-intercalation and co-extraction are quite different. The reduced graphite size results in the loss of phase transitions during the co-extraction process and then the disappearance of the sharp anodic redox peak. The small-sized graphite anodes display boosted capacitor-like responses and provide additional surface adsorption with a slightly increased capacity. Finally, a hybrid sodium-ion capacitor (SIC), using graphite anode and activated carbon cathode, is assembled without complex presodiation treatments. Such optimized hybrid SICs deliver high energy densities of 60 Wh/kg at 240 W/kg and high power density of ~16,000 W/kg with 32 Wh/kg, and ultralong 30,000 stable cycles. This work provides fundamental insights into the Na+-solvent co-intercalation mechanism with tunable capacitor-like kinetics, representing a promising direction for high-power sodium-ion storage.
Rational construction of hollow NiCoCd-S nanoprisms for high-performance supercapacitor
Haiying Zhou, Jian Wen, Guanghui Wu, Pinghua Chen, Qi Ke, Yonghui Deng, Xibao Li, Xinming Zhou, Shaoning Yu, Hualin Jiang
2026, 37(5): 110954  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.110954
[摘要]  (678) [HTML全文] (678) [PDF 1104KB] (678)
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High-performance electrode materials are of paramount significance for practical applications in energy storage devices, and the design of hollow-structured active electrode materials is a simple effective strategy. Herin, a three-dimensional nickel cobalt cadmium ternary sulfide hollow nanoprism material (NiCoCd-S) was successfully synthesized by combination of refluxing, hydrothermal and calcination methods. The co-existence and synergism of Ni, Co and Cd endow the material surface with abundant catalytic active sites, facilitating the progress of the reaction, enabling it to exhibit better performance than single-metal or bimetallic compounds. The unique hollow structure facilitates increased contact between the electrolyte and more electroactive sites, while the shorter diffusion pathways enable rapid ion/electron transfer rates within the material, synergistically generating enhanced supercapacitive activity. The synthesized NiCoCd-S shows a high specific capacitance (Cg) of 1643.7 F/g@1 A/g, along with a prolonged cycling life (81.6% capacitance retention after 10,000 cycles). When assembling the NiCoCd-S//AC asymmetric supercapacitor, it demonstrates an impressive energy/power density of 105.9 Wh/kg and 919.2 W/kg, respectively. After 10,000 charging-discharging cycles, the initial capacitance can still be maintained at 88.5%. The present work offers a strategy for the rational design of hollow nanostructured polymetallic sulfides with high electrochemical performance and stability.
Unveiling the electrocatalytic potential of main-group metal-embedded BC3 monolayer for highly efficient NO reduction to NH3
Jiajun Wang, Chen Sun, Li Sheng, Zhiwen Zhuo, Shujuan Li, Jiayao Wang, Weiyi Wang, Jinbo Sun, Juqian Yang, Ke Xu, Shulai Lei
2026, 37(5): 110974  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.110974
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Electrochemical NO reduction reaction (NORR) has gained extensive attention as a promising approach to achieve both harmful NO removal and ambient NH3 production. Main-group metal-based single-atom catalysts (SACs) hold great promise for electrocatalysis but still lack adequate investigation. Herein, by means of the first-principles calculations, we systematically explore the potential of main-group metal-embedded BC3 monolayer (denoted as M@VB and M@VC, M = Mg, Ca, Al, Ga, In, Ge, Sn, Sb, and Bi) as highly efficient SACs for the NORR toward NH3 synthesis. After examining the structural stability, NO adsorbability, NORR catalytic performance, and NH3 selectivity, we screen Al@VB, Ga@VB, and Ge@VC out of 18 candidate systems. Remarkably, NO can be adsorbed and activated on them with moderate ΔG*NO of -1.27~-1.90 eV, and spontaneously reduced into NH3 without any limiting potential. Moreover, the three screened candidates can effectively inhibit the production of N2O/N2 byproducts under high NO converge, as well as the competing hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Our work not only offers several high-efficiency NORR electrocatalysts, but also guides the rational design of potential main-group metal-based SACs.
Hourglass-shaped organophosphomolybdate(Ⅴ) as photoelectrochemical sensor for selective detection of trace levofloxacin
Meng-Si Guo, Chun-Xiao Yin, Zi-Yi Zhang, Yuan-Yuan Ma, Jing Du, Zhan-Gang Han
2026, 37(5): 111158  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111158
[摘要]  (727) [HTML全文] (727) [PDF 910KB] (727)
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Phenylphosphonate functionalized fully-reduced hourglass-shaped organophosphomolybdate(V) hybrid (H2bib){Ni[Mo6(PO3C6H5)4O15H6]2}·9H2O (bib = 4,4′-bis(imidazolyl)bibpheny) was synthesized as a photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensor. Benefiting from the electron transfer interaction between organic phenyl groups and inorganic {P4Mo6} skeleton, compound achieved a low detection limit of 4.61 nmol/L and high sensitivity of 264.02 µA L/µmol toward the PEC detection of levofloxacin in aqueous solution, together with excellent practicality in milk sample.
Plasma metabolites-based drug design: Discovery of novel and highly selective phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors
Deyan Wu, Qingjiang Ma, Yanquan Chen, Guofeng Yang, Fengcai Zhang, Meiyan Jiang, Xue Wang, Xingfu Liu, Qian Zhou, Yi-You Huang, Zhe Li, Hai-Bin Luo
2026, 37(5): 111236  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111236
[摘要]  (745) [HTML全文] (745) [PDF 1529KB] (745)
摘要:
In drug discovery, it is extremely important to identify highly potent leads with desirable drug-like profiles. Almost all the marketed phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitors such as sildenafil, vardenafil, and tadalafil have poor selectivity over PDE6 or PDE11 and leading to several side effects. Herein, a metabolites-based scaffold hopping strategy was performed to discover selective PDE5 inhibitors with remarkable metabolic stability. The Eu(OTf)3-catalyzed Mannich-type reaction followed by l-selectride catalyzed reduction was used to prepare chiral 2,3,3a,4,5,6-hexahydro-1H-benzo[b]pyrido[2,3,4-de][1,6] naphthyridines as novel PDE5 inhibitors with high enantioselectivity (> 99% ee and > 30:1 dr). Lead L9 exhibited a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 1.03 nmol/L with higher selectivity (> 898-fold) over PDE6 or PDE11 than sildenafil and tadalafil, implying the potential relief from side effects. Especially, the co-crystal binding pattern of L9 with PDE5 is revealed to be different from that of sildenafil, which possibly explain the former's high selectivity. And oral administration of L9·HCl (5.0 mg/kg) exhibited better therapeutic effects than pirfenidone (150 mg/kg) in a bleomycin-induced idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) rat model, highlighting the potential of L9·HCl for the treatment of IPF.
Intranasal pterostilbene nanoparticles delivery alleviates neuroinflammation and brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage
Zhongxin Duan, Yue Wang, Yunchu Zhang, Xia Liu, Wanyu Wang, Hua Li, Qingyang Lu, Chao You, Yongzhong Cheng, Cong Wu, Xiang Gao
2026, 37(5): 111248  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111248
[摘要]  (709) [HTML全文] (709) [PDF 1229KB] (709)
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Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating subtype of stroke with high mortality and poor prognosis among survivors. Neuroinflammation after ICH plays a critical role in both secondary brain injury and repair. In the early stages of ICH, excessive activation of microglia triggers pro-inflammation, leading to the release of various pro-inflammatory cytokines that exacerbate neuronal damage and worsen neurological deficits. Pterostilbene (PTE), a natural polyphenol with potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, is an ideal neuroprotective agent. However, its clinical application is limited by poor bioavailability and low blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetrability following oral administration. Here, we developed PTE-loaded methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(ε-caprolactone) (mPEG-PCL) nanoparticles (PTE-NPs) to enhance the bioavailability of PTE and performed an intranasal delivery strategy for non-invasive and efficient transport to the ICH lesion. PTE-NPs significantly suppressed pro-inflammatory microglia activation and cytokine release, thereby reducing inflammation-mediated neuronal damage in the peri–hematomal region. In the two ICH mouse models, PTE-NPs demonstrated significant therapeutic efficacy in improving neurological function with good biosafety. This study provides a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of ICH and its future clinical translation.
Systemic study on anti-tumor activity of HER2 induced peptide-drug conjugate clustering in xenograft tumor models
Qing-Hua Chen, Da-Yong Hou, Ni-Yuan Zhang, Jia-Qi Wang, Rui Zheng, Xing-Jie Hu, Xiu-Hai Wu, Li Yi, Ying-Jin Zhang, Guang-Xu Zhang, Yu-Juan Gao, Ben-Li Song, Rui Wang, Jian-Xiao Liang, Ming-Ze Cai, Yu Wang, Jia-Yuan Niu, Li-Ying Wang, Yang Yang, Hao-Ze Li, Hong-Wei An, Lei Wang, Yuliang Zhao, Hao Wang
2026, 37(5): 111257  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111257
[摘要]  (728) [HTML全文] (728) [PDF 875KB] (728)
摘要:
Target therapy represents a paradigm shift to a precise and personalized approach. Unlike the great success of antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) in clinical practice, peptide-drug conjugate (PDC) with good tissue penetration and drug loading capacity exhibits poor stability, quick blood clearance and cellular internalization that limit their translation. In this study, a feasible approach for constructing an in vivo self-assembling peptide-drug conjugate (sPDC) was proposed by rationally designing the combination of tumor-specific targeting peptide module, responsive self-assembling peptide module, and therapeutic drug. Two optimized sPDCs (sPDC1 and sPDC2) capable of specifically targeting human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) on the surface of tumors were reported. sPDCs could selectively target HER2-positive tumors and effectively kill HER2 overexpressing tumor cells. In addition, weak but significant efficacy of sPDCs was also observed in HER2-negative tumors, which was likely by-stander effect due to the release of monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) in the tumor microenvironment. Finally, in HER2-positive xenograft mouse models, sPDC1 showed superior therapeutic efficacy over the clinical HER2-targeted therapeutic agents trastuzumab and lapatinib, and roughly equivalent therapeutic efficacy compared with RC48 even in large tumor-bearing mouse models. Therefore, sPDC1 was promising to serve as a lead compound for further clinical development for oncology therapy.
Tailoring anode properties with carbon nanofiber-interpenetrated graphene aerogels for high-performance bioelectrochemical systems
Tingli Ren, Yuanfeng Liu, Congju Li
2026, 37(5): 111274  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111274
[摘要]  (656) [HTML全文] (656) [PDF 952KB] (656)
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The poor biofilm colonization, charge transfer, and storage at the anode have long been major obstacles to achieving high power generation in bioelectrochemical systems (BES). To overcome this challenge, we developed electrospun carbon nanofiber-interpenetrated reduced graphene oxide aerogels (CNF/rGO-x, where x denotes the mass ratio of CNF to rGO, with x = 2, 4, 6) to modify the surface of carbon cloth (CC), significantly enhancing its electrochemical performance. The CNF/rGO-6 aerogel featured a porous, interconnected conductive scaffold, endowing the CC electrode with a larger electrochemically active area, higher specific capacitance, and a rougher surface. These properties significantly improved biofilm adhesion, extracellular electron transfer, and charge storage capabilities. As a result, the BES equipped with a CNF/rGO-6 electrode achieved an impressive power density of 3080.3 mW/m2, significantly higher than those of BES with CNF/rGO-4 (2426.3 mW/m2), CNF/rGO-2 (2717 mW/m2), rGO (1978.3 mW/m2), and pure CC (1050.4 mW/m2) electrodes. Furthermore, the CNF/rGO-6 electrode supported a high abundance of electroactive bacteria and enhanced their viability. With its simple fabrication, low weight, and exceptional electrochemical performance, the CNF/rGO-6 aerogel demonstrates significant potential as an electrode material for high-performance and cost-effective BES.
Overcoming the drug retention barrier with photosensitive hydrogel for sustained photodynamic therapy of oral leukoplakia
Zhengzheng Lv, Xin Xia, Peisheng Cao, Qi Han, Hang Zhao, Ronghui Zhou, Peng Wu
2026, 37(5): 111282  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111282
[摘要]  (722) [HTML全文] (722) [PDF 1205KB] (722)
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Oral leukoplakia (OLK) is a common and representative malignant disease of oral mucosa, and possess a higher risk of cancer. Compared with traditional surgical treatment, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has great potential in OLK treatment, due to its advantages of minimally invasiveness and low toxic side effects. However, traditional photosensitizer administration suffers from short retention time due to the fluid environment of saliva and extensive tongue movement, leading to poor drug (photosensitizer) utilization and limited therapeutic outcome. To address such issue, here a photosensitive guanosine (G)-based hydrogel system (G@GQD) was constructed, in which graphene quantum dots (GQDs) featuring high photosensitization activity was loaded through three dimensional (3D) fiber network physical encapsulation. The favorable adhesion of the G@GQD hydrogel on the tongue, together with sustained GQDs release, significantly enhanced the retention of GQDs within the oral cavity. As a result, G@GQD hydrogel could continuously generate high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) under irradiation, demonstrating a sustained therapeutic efficiency in vitro. Compared with free GQDs, G@GQD exhibited significantly improved PDT efficiency in treating 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4-NQO)-induced OLK animals. This study presented a promising strategy in overcoming the drug retention barrier that caused by saliva and tongue movement, which has far-reaching significance for the future PDT therapies.
Orthogonal upconversion nanoplatform for in situ hydrogelation and photo-activatable chemotherapy
Minfei Yu, Yueyan Yang, Xin Cheng, Shicheng Pei, Man Wu, Fangling Cao, Yaxin Zheng, Shuyao Zhou, Keming Xu, Lei Zhou, Wenying Zhong
2026, 37(5): 111284  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111284
[摘要]  (757) [HTML全文] (757) [PDF 745KB] (757)
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Light is a powerful tool for controlling hydrogel formation and drug release, which are essential in tissue engineering and drug delivery. Achieving orthogonal control over hydrogelation and drug release using different wavelengths of light offers precise spatiotemporal regulation but is challenged by limited penetration depth and spectral crosstalk of commonly used visible light. Herein, this work develops an orthogonal light-responsive hydrogel based on dual-wavelength upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) for controlled hydrogelation and drug release. Upon 808 nm excitation, these UCNPs emit green light, triggering the photopolymerization of hyaluronic acid-2-aminoethyl methacrylate hydrogels. While 980 nm induces ultraviolet emission, enabling controlled and sustained drug release. Through structural design, the emissions under dual-wavelength excitation exhibit no spectral crosstalk, enabling orthogonal light control of both processes. In vitro and in vivo experiments show that both hydrogel formation and drug release processes can be finely tuned by controlling the power density and excitation durations, significantly enhancing the spatiotemporal precision of drug delivery. This orthogonal light-responsive hydrogel holds significant potential for precise, spatiotemporally controlled drug delivery.
PROTAC degraders of FSP1 act as potent GPX4 sensitizers to induce ferroptosis for hepatoma treatment
Jiangmin Zhu, Qimei Tan, Shiying Fan, Yalin Li, Ling Zhu, Lihong Hong, Yuxia Wang, Chuzhen Zhang, Chen Chen, Lingyi Kong, Jianguang Luo
2026, 37(5): 111285  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111285
[摘要]  (748) [HTML全文] (748) [PDF 652KB] (748)
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Induction of ferroptosis is a promising strategy for tumor treatment. In light of the fact that the inhibition of ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (FSP1) can enhance the susceptibility of hepatoma cells to glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) inhibitors, we hypothesized that FSP1 degraders may conspicuously improve the therapeutic efficacy of GPX4 inhibitors against hepatoma. Here, we developed a strategy using an iFSP1 analog (FSP1 inhibitor) and the pomalidomide (E3 ligase ligand) to construct proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) for degrading FSP1. Among these, C7, the first-in-class PROTAC degrader of FSP1, induced FSP1 degradation with a half-maximal degradation concentration (DC50) value of 0.66 µmol/L. The synergistic application of C7 (1 µmol/L) and the GPX4 inhibitor ML162 (100 nmol/L) markedly induced ferroptosis and effectively inhibited hepatoma cells viability. Further mechanism studies revealed that C7 targets FSP1 and down-regulates it through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. In vivo experiments demonstrated that the therapeutic alliance of C7 and ML162 markedly surpassed the efficacy of iFSP1 (FSP1 inhibitor) and ML162 in suppressing tumor proliferation. Collectively, these findings indicated that PROTAC degraders of FSP1 function as potent sensitizers of GPX4 inhibitors to induce ferroptosis, thus representing a promising strategy for hepatoma treatment.
Fabrication and characteristics of decellularized amniotic membrane-based nanofiber composite for tissue repair
Jinwen Xiao, Xiaojun Ai, Conglai Zhou, Ruiqi Feng, Junrong Chen, Juan Wu, Xiongbo Song, Long Chen
2026, 37(5): 111291  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111291
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Decellularized amniotic membrane (dAM) holds significant potential in tissue engineering; however, its inherent mechanical limitations and rapid degradation hinder its clinical translation. This study integrates dAM with high molecular weight polymer polycaprolactone (PCL) and natural gelatin (Gel) nanofibers using electrospinning technology and a 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide/N-hydroxysuccinimide (EDC/NHS) covalent crosslinking system to produce two composite biomaterials. Both PCL-dAM and Gel-dAM composites demonstrate enhanced strain, tensile strength, and elasticity compared to pure dAM, showcasing improved mechanical properties and significantly reduced degradation rates, with Gel-dAM exhibiting superior overall performance. Gel-dAM also shows considerably better compatibility with fibroblasts, macrophages, and tendon stem cells than PCL-dAM, suggesting that it more effectively supports cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation, thus providing a more favorable microenvironment for tissue repair. In macrophage immune modulation, Gel-dAM significantly promotes the polarization of macrophages toward the M2 phenotype, exhibiting potential anti-inflammatory and repair-enhancing effects, thereby offering new insights into the use of dAM in tissue regeneration. These advancements open new possibilities for the clinical application of dAM, particularly in tissue repair and wound dressing.
Colon-targeted pellets encapsulating patchouli oil cocrystal for inflammatory bowel disease treatment
Zeyu Li, Huan Shen, Wenli Cai, Quangang Xu, Wei Xia, Keke Ning, Ergang Liu, Yongzhuo Huang
2026, 37(5): 111292  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111292
[摘要]  (709) [HTML全文] (709) [PDF 1111KB] (709)
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Patchouli oil (PAO), a traditional herbal remedy with notable anti-inflammatory properties, has demonstrated significant therapeutic potential in gastrointestinal diseases. However, its instability in acidic environments and low bioavailability hinder PAO's clinical application. In this study, we developed a pharmaceutical solid-state form of PAO using a β-cyclodextrin (βCD)-based inclusion cocrystal technology, thus obtaining PAO-βCD cocrystals. PAO-βCD cocrystals exhibited enhanced dissolution and stability. We further encapsulated them in pH-sensitive Eudragit-coated pellets (PAO-βCD@pellet) to achieve site-specific delivery of PAO to the inflamed colon. In vivo results from the dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model showed that PAO-βCD@pellet significantly improved the colonic release of PAO, as evidenced by fluorescence tracking and quantitative analysis of patchouli alcohol, the main active compound of PAO. Furthermore, PAO-βCD@pellet demonstrated superior therapeutic efficacy, reducing disease activity index, preventing intestinal barrier damage, and modulating the gut microbiome. Histological examination confirmed alleviating intestinal epithelial cell damage caused by oxidative stress and inflammation. These findings suggest that PAO-βCD@pellet offers a promising targeted treatment strategy for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with enhanced stability, bioavailability, and therapeutic outcomes.
Discovery of α-mangostin derivatives as novel PDE4 inhibitors for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: An artificial intelligence-driven synergized strategy
Zhi-Pei Sang, Teng Xue, Qian-Ru Xing, Qi-Yao Zhang, Hong-Song Chen, Xue Wang, Fu-Rong Zhang, Wen-Ling Fu, Wu Dong, Shu-Heng Huang, Yi-You Huang, Hai-Bin Luo
2026, 37(5): 111318  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111318
[摘要]  (677) [HTML全文] (677) [PDF 1465KB] (677)
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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disorder with no effective therapeutic agents currently available. Inhibiting phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) has emerged as a promising strategy for AD treatment. In this study, we employed a synergistic approach combining generative recurrent neural network (RNN)-driven combinatorial compound design, virtual screening, and structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis to discover novel PDE4 inhibitors. Utilizing α-mangostin as a hit compound (half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) = 1.31 µmol/L), we identified a novel PDE4 inhibitor, 13d (IC50 = 72.8 nmol/L) with moderate liver microsomal stability (rat liver microsomes (RLM), t1/2 = 32.4 min). In vitro activity results indicated that 13d exhibited favorable anti-inflammatory effects and promising neuroprotective activity. In vivo experiments demonstrated that 13d significantly improved AlCl3-induced zebrafish AD model by inhibiting PDE4 and reducing inflammatory cytokine. Further, 13d significantly alleviated AlCl3/d-galactose-induced AD mouse model. These findings highlight the potent PDE4 inhibitor 13d with promising anti-AD activity, underscoring the potential of artificial intelligence-driven drug discovery for novel therapeutic agents for AD.
Enhancing tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen vaccine efficacy through synergistic antibody recruitment: A combined strategy targeting TACA heterogeneity
Dan Li, Haofei Hong, Han Lin, Teng Xu, Zhifang Zhou, Zhimeng Wu
2026, 37(5): 111324  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111324
[摘要]  (745) [HTML全文] (745) [PDF 905KB] (745)
摘要:
Tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen (TACA)-based cancer vaccines face clinical challenges due to heterogeneous TACA expression, which compromises antibody-mediated tumor recognition and leads to suboptimal therapeutic outcomes. To address this limitation, we report a combined strategy that integrates vaccination with TACA-based antibody-recruiting molecules. This approach simultaneously redirects anti-TACA antibodies to tumor cells expressing a secondary target, thereby enhancing the efficacy of TACA-based vaccines. Using sialyl-Tn (sTn) as a model TACA and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) as model protein targets, we designed two nanobody (Nb)-sTn conjugates as TACA-based antibody-recruiting molecules: EGFR-targeting 7D12-sTn and HER2-targeting C7b-sTn. These conjugates were synthesized via sortase A-mediated ligation and demonstrated strong binding profiles. Importantly, they effectively redirected anti-sTn antibodies, generated by the Theratope vaccine, to target cells in situ, significantly improving the recognition of tumor cells by anti-sTn antibodies. The synergistic potential of these conjugates in amplifying the therapeutic effect of the sTn-KLH vaccine was further validated through complement-dependent cytotoxicity assays. This innovative strategy represents a highly promising approach to overcome the clinical challenges posed by TACA heterogeneity in cancer vaccine development.
Dual-activated fluorescent sensor visualizes energy metabolism pathways under ferroptosis-mediated oxidative stress relevant to cancer therapy
Jiao Lu, Bin Yang, Zhou Wu, Yong Li, Jun Wang, Ruihong Yao, Yanli Li, Zhihao Lu, Yufei Jiang, Fabiao Yu, Zhirong Geng, Zhilin Wang
2026, 37(5): 111334  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111334
[摘要]  (674) [HTML全文] (674) [PDF 883KB] (674)
摘要:
The rapid proliferation of tumor cells is driven by metabolic reprogramming and redox regulation. Real-time monitoring of glutathione (GSH)/adenosine-5′-triphosphate (ATP) provides a dynamic perspective for tumor metabolism and is crucial for guiding precision treatment. We report a dual-site activatable fluorescent probe M901 for simultaneously detecting GSH and ATP without spectral overlap, and the detection range (GSH: 0–7 mmol/L, ATP: 0–6.5 mmol/L) matching the physiological concentration range. Based on this, M901 visualizes a bidirectional regulatory relationship between ATP synthesis↓ (energy imbalance) ↔ electron transport chain dysfunction ↔ reactive oxygen species (ROS)↑ ↔ GSH↓ (oxidative stress). Additionally, M901 reveals for the first time the dynamic compensatory mechanism between GSH and ATP in cellular oxidative stress induced by the inhibition of solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) or glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4). In vivo imaging further confirms oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are core pathological mechanisms leading to liver injury, with treatment efficacy positively correlated with GSH/ATP levels. Importantly, the dynamic visualization of GSH/ATP by M901 enables real-time evaluation of the anti-tumor effects of ferroptosis inducers and cisplatin, guiding successful precision resection of invasive malignant tumors (negative margins <0.2 mm). This study confirms the potential of M901 as a clinical visualization tool for diagnosing, treating and monitoring a variety of diseases.
Malbrumpenoids A-N, unusually cyclized triterpenoids from the Euphorbia endophyte Malbranchea umbrina D16
Shu-Qi Wu, Xinying Zhu, Fang-Yu Yuan, Han-Zhuang Weng, Lei Li, Dong Huang, Gui-Hua Tang, Sheng Yin
2026, 37(5): 111336  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111336
[摘要]  (774) [HTML全文] (774) [PDF 1158KB] (774)
摘要:
Molecular networking-guided chemical investigation of the Euphorbia endophyte Malbranchea umbrina D16 led to the isolation of 14 novel unusually cyclized triterpenoids (UCT) involving three different skeletal types. Compounds 1–10 are tricyclic triterpenoids featuring a 1-cyclohexyloctahydro-1H-indene core, in which 1 incoporates an unusual 7,7-dimethyl-6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.1.2]octane motif. Compounds 11–13 represent a rare class of bicyclic triterpenes (6/5 ring system) containing various O-heterocycles at the side chain. Compound 14 is an acyclic triterpenoid with O-heterocycles at both ends. Their structures were assigned by spectroscopic, chemical, computational, and crystallographic means, which also allowed the stereochemical revisions of three previously reported analogues. Compound 1 significantly inhibited the adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes via activating the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signalling.
A BODIPY-based ratiometric fluorescent probe for imaging of Zn2+ in ferroptosis
Yaheng Li, Weijiang He, Yuncong Chen, Zijian Guo
2026, 37(5): 111337  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111337
[摘要]  (723) [HTML全文] (723) [PDF 1018KB] (723)
摘要:
Ferroptosis is a cell death pathway that plays a crucial role in numerous biological processes. Although closely related to ferrous ion, the execution of ferroptosis was found to be impacted by zinc ion (Zn2+) in recent years. However, most of the related researches focused on the effects of exogenously added Zn2+, while the fundamental understanding of endogenous Zn2+ during ferroptosis still needs further exploration. Herein, a ratiometric fluorescent probe based on pyridine-substituted boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) fluorophore (BDP-p) was designed to track the endogenous Zn2+ in cells during ferroptosis process. Zn2+ coordination induced an enhancement on the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT), leading to an obvious red shift from 563 nm to 594 nm. In A549 cells, we found fluorescence ratio of the probe elevated in some discrete regions during erastin induced ferroptosis, and this change followed the same trend as the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level. The results suggested that the Zn2+ would be localized in some discrete areas in A549 cells during ferroptosis. This work not only provided a reliable design strategy for developing ratiometric probes of Zn2+, but also supplemented the current understanding of the non-negligible role of Zn2+ in ferroptosis.
Substrate-independent nano-coating with persistent antibacterial and tooth whitening activities for dental health
Yi Liu, Xiaolin Yu, Wenyun Mu, Minsi Meng, Baixue Li, Jie Liu, Haixin Qian, Lin Weng, Tingting Yu, Nan Hu, Xin Chen, Yi Hao
2026, 37(5): 111338  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111338
[摘要]  (707) [HTML全文] (707) [PDF 1170KB] (707)
摘要:
Bacteria and stains on tooth and various dental materials severely harm dental health and beauty and require feasible solutions. In this study, a simple strategy was developed to produce nano-coating on different substrates for persistent antibacterial and whitening. The coating is formed by the lysozyme (Lys), hemoglobin (Hb), and glucose oxidase (GOD) via co-assembly, in which the phase transition of Lys initiated the co-assembly to anchor other two proteins. During therapy, the GOD continuously oxidizes glucose in the oral environment to cut off the nutrition of bacteria meanwhile generating H2O2, which would be further catalyzed by the ferrous ions in Hb to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) for effective decomposition of surrounding bacteria and stains. Moreover, the Hb can perform persistent release of oxygen, which not only enhances the efficiency of glucose oxidation to produce more ROS but directly suppresses anaerobic bacteria via reversing the local hypoxia environment in the mouth. The experimental results indicated that our strategy is able to form nano-film of proteins both on the surface of dental orthosis and human tooth, which further causes obvious reduction of the bacteria not only on the coated substrate but in the surrounding tissue with up to 100% of the bacteriostatic rate. In addition, both the dental orthosis and human tooth were also rapidly cleaned due to the local ROS generation, leading to a sustained anti-staining property in the long term.
Spirobixanthene surpasses spirobifluorene as key backbone for molecular negative photoresists
Yu Yan, Chenfei Zhao, Jingwen Hui, Xinfu Zhang, Linlin Zhao, Lujia Yang, Zhipeng Ning, Pengzhong Chen, Lingcheng Chen, Xiaojun Peng, Yi Xiao
2026, 37(5): 111343  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111343
[摘要]  (729) [HTML全文] (729) [PDF 616KB] (729)
摘要:
Molecular glass refers to amorphous rigid small molecules with certain polymer-like properties. Herein, spirobixanthene is first adopted as the backbone to develop negative photoresist X4Ep with four epoxy moieties. F4Ep based on classical spirobifluorene is also synthesized as a benchmark against X4Ep. Both exhibit good thermostability and similar sensitivity. However, in e-beam lithography, performances of X4Ep completely surpass F4Ep. F4Ep lithography shows inevitably minor bridges no matter how we optimize process conditions. The relatively poor performances of F4Ep may be probably ascribed to its partial crystallization tendency inducing uneven photoacid generator (PAG) distribution and uneven acid diffusion, which thus promotes nonuniform epoxy crosslink to form rough patterns. X4Ep readily achieves dense lines without any defects. The superiority of X4Ep to F4Ep can be ascribed to the exceptional yet apparent structural distortion and asymmetry of spirobixanthene, which guarantees a perfect amorphous state and uniform crosslink. Finally, the optimal line/space (L/S) pattern with half pitch (HP) of 25 nm and line edge roughness (LER) of 2.7 nm is achieved. Therefore, spirobixanthene is a valuable molecular glass backbone for high-performance photoresists in the future.
Hierarchical carbon nanofiber-based NiCo2S4/NiCo-LDH/C nanostructure array with efficient charge transfer for flexible solid-state supercapacitors
Yan Gao, Ying Huang, Boming Lu, Meng Zong, Zheng Zhang
2026, 37(5): 111347  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111347
[摘要]  (742) [HTML全文] (742) [PDF 1379KB] (742)
摘要:
Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) hold great promise for flexible solid-state supercapacitors owing to their high theoretical capacitance and distinctive architecture. However, their proneness to agglomeration and poor electrical conductivity have long hindered the manifestation of outstanding electrochemical performance. In a groundbreaking approach, we have engineered a hierarchical carbon nanofiber-based NiCo2S4/NiCo-LDH/C nanostructure array. The meticulously crafted hierarchical structure not only imparts remarkable stability to the electrode but also ingeniously harnesses the synergistic interplay among materials. Through density functional theory calculations, we have precisely identified and verified the active sites for charge transfer, unveiling a new understanding of the underlying mechanisms. This unique structure significantly facilitates ion transfer in the vicinity of NiCo-LDH, substantially elevates electrical conductivity, and notably increases the adsorption capacity of OH-. Moreover, it gives a substantial boost to the quantum capacitance. As a result, the electrode showcases a high specific capacitance of 1838.3 F/g. This research pioneers an effective and versatile strategy that can be readily applied to the majority of LDHs, opening up new avenues for enhancing their efficiency of supercapacitor materials.
Redox-triggered prodrug nanoassemblies with high tumor selectivity and biocompatibility break through antitumor dilemma of paclitaxel
Yaqi Li, Yixin Sun, Qinglong Yan, Wenjing Wang, Shuo Wang, Qing Wang, Danping Wang, Jun Yuan, Jin Sun, Zhonggui He, Zhenbao Li, Bingjun Sun
2026, 37(5): 111350  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111350
[摘要]  (706) [HTML全文] (706) [PDF 990KB] (706)
摘要:
The advent of the most representative commercially available formulations of paclitaxel, Taxol and Abraxane®, resolved the intravenous challenge of paclitaxel by increasing the water solubility. However, the severe excipient-related toxicity and poor stability of Taxol, along with the low drug loading (10%), complex preparation processes, and poor tumor selectivity of Abraxane®, present significant clinical dilemma. To overcome the challenges, 16-methylheptadecanoic acid (16-MH), with excellent biocompatibility was selected as the assembly module. The paclitaxel-16-MH prodrug nanoassemblies (PSSMH NPs) were constructed by conjugating 16-MH with redox-sensitive disulfide bonds and paclitaxel through an ethylene glycol. PSSMH NPs featured the advantages of easy preparation, high drug loading (> 50%) and superior stability (stable storage for 60 days at 25 ℃). Notably, the area under the concentration−time curve (AUC0–24 h) of PSSMH NPs was 14.95-fold compared with Taxol, indicating a significant improvement in the in vivo fate of paclitaxel. Moreover, the existence of redox-sensitive disulfide bonds endowed PSSMH NPs with increased tumor selectivity, resulting in exceptional tolerance and antitumor efficacy. Overall, the redox-triggered prodrug nano-system with high tumor selectivity and biocompatibility exhibits substantial potential for clinical translation.
Tuning fluorescence of polyphenol-based carbon dots for tetracycline and quinolone selective detection
Shuyun Li, Taoyang Wang, Yajing Zhang, Wenqi Wei, Qiuping Xie, Yiran Pu, Gonghua Hong, Xiaoling Wang, Yunxiang He, Junling Guo
2026, 37(5): 111356  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111356
[摘要]  (733) [HTML全文] (733) [PDF 1554KB] (733)
摘要:
The escalating threat of antimicrobial resistance necessitates advanced tools for rapid and selective antibiotic detection in environmental systems. Herein, we report polyphenol-derived carbon dots (P-CDs) synthesized via a one-step solvothermal method using polyphenols and citric acid, enabling dual-mode detection of tetracyclines and quinolones through pH-tunable fluorescence. The P-CDs exhibit distinct fluorescence quenching for tetracyclines (e.g., oxytetracycline (OTC)) and enhancement for quinolones (e.g., norfloxacin (NOR)), driven by synergistic multiple molecular interactions facilitated by surface phenolic groups. With detection limits of 8.19 µmol/L (OTC) and 5.27 µmol/L (NOR), P-CDs achieve 6-fold higher sensitivity compared to conventional carbon dots. Their pH adaptability (pH 2–12), specificity (> 90% selectivity against seven antibiotic classes), and robust performance in real water matrices (e.g., river water and wastewater) underscore their potential as eco-friendly sensors for on-site environmental monitoring. This work highlights a versatile platform to address antibiotic contamination and advance public health safety.
Inverse-electron-demand Diels–Alder approach to densely substituted bicyclo[3.2.2]nonanes: Discovery of an autophagy regulator
Jiulong Li, Pengxin Ren, Lin Wang, Yuting Zhang, Peng Yang, Weiwei He, Ang Li
2026, 37(5): 111381  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111381
[摘要]  (733) [HTML全文] (733) [PDF 832KB] (733)
摘要:
Natural products bearing a bicyclo[3.2.2]nonane motif pose a considerable challenge to chemical synthesis. We developed a europium-promoted inverse-electron-demand Diels–Alder reaction of benzo[2,3]tropone derivatives with electron-rich olefins, which offers an expeditious approach to densely substituted bicyclo[3.2.2]nonanes. This method enabled the concise synthesis of a tetracyclic amine, subsequently identified as a downstream suppressor of autophagy.
Dual-gated delivery of melittin combined with moderate photothermal treatment using NIR-responsive Pd nanosheets for enhanced cancer immunotherapy
Dongsheng Zhang, Tingting Wang, Cheng-Ao Li, Yi Tang, Fangyang Wang, Qiang Wang, Hongqing Li, Xun Zhang, Duo Sun, Yueying Zhang, Jiang Ming, Xiao Chen, Xiaolan Chen, Jingchao Li, Xinhui Su
2026, 37(5): 111399  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111399
[摘要]  (738) [HTML全文] (738) [PDF 1164KB] (738)
摘要:
Immunotherapy has emerged as a promising strategy for combating tumor metastasis and recurrence, however, its efficacy is often hampered by the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). The integration of nanomedicine-based photothermal therapy (PTT) with immunotherapy offers great potential to reshape the immune landscape, thereby enhancing immune responses and therapeutic outcomes. Nevertheless, conventional hyperthermia may induce heat-related damage and excessive inflammation in normal tissues. To address this challenge, we developed a novel therapeutic platform that combines tumor-specific delivery of melittin (MLT) with mild PTT using two-dimensional palladium nanosheets (Pd NSs). This approach allows for selective accumulation of MLT at tumor sites via the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect and TME-responsive release, thereby maximizing antitumor efficacy while minimizing off-target toxicity. The resulting nanocomposite, MLT@Pd@PEG, exhibits excellent biocompatibility and efficient photothermal conversion under 808 nm laser irradiation. The acidic pH and localized heat in the TME synergistically trigger the controlled release of MLT, which disrupts cancer cell membranes and promotes tumor cell apoptosis. Moreover, this treatment facilitates the release of tumor-associated antigens and danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), thereby activating cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells. In vivo studies demonstrate that the combination of immune checkpoint blockade and MLT@Pd@PEG not only eradicates primary and distant tumors in bilateral tumor-bearing mouse models but also prevents tumor recurrence and metastasis by inducing durable immune memory. This comprehensive strategy integrating precise MLT delivery with mild PTT holds significant promise for advancing next-generation cancer immunotherapy.
Black phosphorus nanosheets-based platform for B-cell lymphoma chemo-photothermal therapy
Xiaoyan Liu, Cong Xu, Ruhe Zhang, Yilu Zheng, Hengyu Liu, Haolin Chen, Meng Zhao, Jun Wu, Dongjun Lin
2026, 37(5): 111401  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111401
[摘要]  (694) [HTML全文] (694) [PDF 1306KB] (694)
摘要:
In the treatment of B-cell lymphoma, chemotherapy as a monotherapy encounters significant challenges like drug resistance, side effects, and limited cytotoxicity. A novel strategy combining chemotherapy and photothermal therapy uses nanomaterials to convert light into heat, locally heating tumor tissues to induce thermal ablation while enhancing the effectiveness of chemotherapeutic agents and reducing toxic side effects on normal cells. Here, we developed a multifunctional black phosphorus nanosheets (BP NSs) for chemo-photothermal synergistic therapy of lymphoma. BP NSs were synthesized from bulk black phosphorus crystal powders utilizing a modified liquid exfoliation technique and functionalized with polyethylene glycol (PEG) to improve stability. The PEGylated BP NSs were loaded with two chemotherapeutic agents, gemcitabine (Gem) and doxorubicin (DOX), forming GD-BP@PEG NSs. The nanosheets exhibit excellent physical stability, efficient photothermal conversion, and pH/near-infrared (NIR) dual-responsive drug release. In vitro cell experiments demonstrated that GD-BP@PEG NSs significantly increased cytotoxicity and apoptosis, especially with NIR laser irradiation. Furthermore, in vivo studies in A20 lymphoma-bearing BALB/c nude mice revealed GD-BP@PEG NSs passively accumulated with high concentrations at the tumor site, efficiently inhibiting lymphoma growth with minimal systemic toxicity, demonstrating significant advantages over single treatments of chemotherapy or photothermal therapy alone. In summary, this pH/NIR dual-triggered BP NSs system could serve as a promising nanoplatform for chemo-photothermal synergistic treatment of B-cell lymphoma.
A multi-pronged approach to activate and amplify cGAS-STING for boosted photoimmunotherapy by drug-free nano-assembly
Chuangxin Zhang, Yunxia Wang, Ruipeng Li, Sirong Zhou, Liheng Feng
2026, 37(5): 111403  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111403
[摘要]  (657) [HTML全文] (657) [PDF 1520KB] (657)
摘要:
The low tumor immunogenicity, high immunosuppressive microenvironment, and off-target toxicity severely limit the efficiency of the cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase-stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS-STING) pathway that plays an important role in tumor immunotherapy. We herein develop a multifunctional nano-assembly with tumor targeting, double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) releasing, Mn2+ sensitizing and immune microenvironment reprogramming capabilities for improving cGAS-STING to bridge innate and adaptive immunity. The drug-free nano-assembly composed of organic AIE-type photosensitizer and MnO2 can improve the tumor immune microenvironment by consuming glutathione and producing oxygen in the presence of H2O2, concurrently enhancing the release of damaged dsDNA and sensitizing the cGAS by controlled release of Mn2+ to magnify cGAS-STING immunity. In vivo experiments reveal that the multi-mode synergistic activation of STING pathway at the headstream can not only damage the primary tumors to amplify innate immunity, but also facilitate the maturation of dendritic cells, infiltration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and expansion of adaptive immunity to inhibit primary tumor metastasis and recurrence in the long term.
Stereoconvergent synthesis of chiral sulfonyl phthalide containing two chiral centers from Z/E mixed alkenes via copper catalysis
Zhiqian Chang, Xiaochun He, Xuemei Zhang, Zhong Lian
2026, 37(5): 111405  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111405
[摘要]  (705) [HTML全文] (705) [PDF 2767KB] (705)
摘要:
Chiral phthalides are present in numerous natural products and bioactive molecules. Synthesizing phthalides from alkenes is an effective strategy. However, the challenges of facial-selectivity in the addition to Z/E mixed alkenes and diastereoselectivity at vicinal stereogenic centers have prevented the achievement of a highly selective stereoconvergent synthesis of chiral sulfonyl phthalides from Z/E alkene mixtures. Therefore, we have developed an efficient methodology for the stereoconvergent synthesis of chiral sulfonyl phthalides, using the Cu/PyBim catalytic system. This method enables the asymmetric construction of sulfonyl phthalides with multiple stereocenters for the first time. It exhibits broad applicability across various terminal and internal alkene substrates, and accommodates a diverse array of aryl, alkyl, and nitrogen radical precursors, all under exceptionally mild reaction conditions. The experimental results indicate that the reaction utilizes a Curtin-Hammett kinetic control strategy, leading to the stereoconvergent synthesis of Z/E internal alkene substrates with significant enantioselectivity and diastereoselectivity in the asymmetric construction of chiral sulfonyl phthalides.
Monofluoroiodane(Ⅲ) reagent mediated Wagner−Meerwein rearrangement fluorination: Construction of quaternary C(sp3)−F bond
Jing Ren, Feng-Huan Du, Xiaowei Chen, Chi Zhang
2026, 37(5): 111407  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111407
[摘要]  (727) [HTML全文] (727) [PDF 1552KB] (727)
摘要:
Fluoroorganic chemistry is one of the most hectic areas of current chemical research, exerting a profound effect on the most vital industries such as medicine, pesticide, and material science. Synthesis of fluorine-containing organic molecules, particularly those that bear C(sp3)−F bonds, remains a great challenge in modern chemical synthesis. Herein, we disclose a new strategy for the construction of a carbon−fluorine quaternary center, which was accomplished with the silver(Ⅰ)-catalyzed intramolecular Wagner−Meerwein rearrangement fluorination of allylic gem-disubstituted alkene derivatives by using a hypervalent monofluoroiodine(Ⅲ) reagent 1 (AFBI). Interestingly, the tunable five/six-membered heterocycle selectivity is achieved by the intramolecular Wagner−Meerwein rearrangement fluorination via a judicious choice of the group R1 attached to the C−C double bond. This versatile strategy features simple starting materials, mild reaction conditions, good functional-group compatibility, high bond-forming efficiency (e.g., one C−F and one C−O bond), and excellent chemoselectivity. The proposed reaction mechanisms and the roles of the catalyst AgBF4 were understood by control experiments and density functional theory calculations.
Cucurbit[7]uril-confined cascade assembly of cyclodextrin phosphor derivative achieving multicolor delayed luminescence for information encryption
Jie Niu, Xuan Wu, Jie Yu, Zhuo Lei, Ying-Ming Zhang, Li-Hua Wang, Yu Liu
2026, 37(5): 111419  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111419
[摘要]  (799) [HTML全文] (799) [PDF 1138KB] (799)
摘要:
Macrocyclic cascade supramolecular assembly could significantly enhance the fluorescence/phosphorescence resonance energy transfer (F/PRET) efficiency through macrocyclic and spatial dual confinement effect. Herein, we reported a cascade supramolecular assembly containing 6-bromoisoquinolinium-modified permethylated cyclodextrin (BQ-PCD), cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]), and tetra(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin (TPPS), in which the enhanced PRET from 6-bromoisoquinolinium (BQ) to TPPS could be achieved through the dual macrocyclic confinement for multicolor delayed luminescence and information encryption. In TPPS$\subset$BQ-PCD$\subset$CB[7], pure organic room temperature phosphorescence of BQ-PCD at 530 nm is induced by CB[7] macrocyclic confinement, which further transferred to TPPS via spatial confinement, achieving delayed fluorescence at 645 and 715 nm with high PRET efficiency and quantum yield (17.9%). Meanwhile, reversible TPPS concentration-dependent multicolor luminescence was achieved in presence of competitive guest (methionine peptide), followed by porphyrin-photosensitization process, being applied in information encryption. This research presents a facile strategy for efficient PRET through macrocyclic cascade confinement assembly.
Construction of donor-acceptor supramolecular organic framework with enhanced superoxide anion radical generation for photocatalytic synthesis of benzimidazole
Xianya Yao, Ning Han, Hui Liu, Lingbao Xing
2026, 37(5): 111426  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111426
[摘要]  (746) [HTML全文] (746) [PDF 877KB] (746)
摘要:
The fabrication of three-component supramolecular organic frameworks (SOFs) is a considerable difficulty owing to the intricate noncovalent interactions and the constraints of current synthesis techniques. In this study, we designed and synthesized two photosensitive modules: a naphthalene-modified triphenylamine derivative (NA-TPA) as the donor unit, and a trimethylated viologen-modified triphenylamine (MV-TPA) as the acceptor unit. These modules can self-assemble into a novel two-dimensional SOF via encapsulation-enhanced donor-acceptor interactions with cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]) in the aqueous solution. The resulting donor-acceptor SOF forms stable two-dimensional nanosheet structures in water. Compared to the individual monomers NA-TPA and MV-TPA, the SOF enhances electron transfer and significantly improves the generation of superoxide anion radicals (O2•−), which in turn effectively promotes the photocatalytic cyclization reaction between o-phenylenediamine and benzaldehyde in water, achieving a yield of up to 94%. This work offers valuable insights into the design and construction of three-component SOFs based on encapsulation-enhanced donor-acceptor interactions for photocatalytic applications.
Carbon–metal bond homolysis-recombination enabling enantioconvergent carboxylation with CO2: A theoretical study
Qi Zhou, Cefei Zhang, Hui-Lin Luo, Chuan-Xi Nie, Changwei Hu, Jian-Heng Ye, Zhishan Su, Li-Li Liao, Da-Gang Yu
2026, 37(5): 111429  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111429
[摘要]  (747) [HTML全文] (747) [PDF 1506KB] (747)
摘要:
The generation of transient radical species via carbon–metal bond homolysis is extremely useful, which can be harnessed to promote useful and selective radical-type transformations by the combination of transition metal catalysis. We herein establish a carbon–metal bond homolysis/recombination model for the formation of enantiomerically enriched carbon-metal species, which accounts for the Ni-catalyzed enantioconvergent carboxylation of racemic benzyl ammonium salts with CO2. Theoretical studies suggest a distinct pathway involving a stereoinvertive nucleophilic substitution-type oxidative addition of racemic benzyl ammonium salts to Ni(0), forming a racemic benzyl Ni(Ⅱ) intermediate. Subsequent C–Ni bond homolysis of one enantiomer enables the formation of a transient radical, followed by a dynamic rotation along C–C· bond and radical recombination forming another more thermodynamically favored enantiomer. Geometry analysis suggests less H–H repulsion between the benzyl group and chiral ligand in the more stable isomer. After the reduction and stereoretentive inner-sphere nucleophilic attack on CO2 process, the desired enantiomerically enriched carboxylic acid product is generated. ETS-NOCV analysis reveals a significant back-donation interaction between the dx2-y2 orbital of Ni atom and the unoccupied π* orbital of CO2 in inner-sphere transition state, thus effectively stabilizing the Ni–CO2 complex and facilitating subsequent C–C bond formation. The theoretical calculations provide critical insights into the systematic development of transition metal-catalyzed asymmetric carboxylation, highlighting significant potential for broad applications in synthetic organic chemistry.
C2-Symmetric N–N atropisomeric diphosphines: Synthesis and application in enantioselective dearomatization of heteroaryls
Xiao-Kai Li, Si-Hao Fu, Yi Yue, Rui-Jing Pang, Jia Feng, Ren-Rong Liu
2026, 37(5): 111430  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111430
[摘要]  (774) [HTML全文] (774) [PDF 1101KB] (774)
摘要:
Although C2-symmetric C–C atropisomeric diphosphines such as BINAP and SEGPHOS, have achieved tremendous success in enantioselective catalysis in recent centuries, developing diphosphines based on new structural scaffolds is still highly desirable. Here, C2-symmetric N–N atropisomeric diphosphines have been synthesized and comprehensively analyzed. These diphosphines exhibit excellent substituent-dependent tunable dihedral angles comparable to other useful electron-enriched diphosphines. With the aid of these newly developed diphosphines, the transition-metal catalyzed enantioselective dearomatization of heteroaryls is carried out to yield final products with excellent enantioselectivities, indicating their exceptional stereoinduction abilities.
Enantioselective intramolecular C–H alkylation of pyridine derivatives with alkene by rare-earth catalysts: Facile synthesis of chiral tetrahydro-1,5-naphthyridines
Jing Zhang, Lichao Ning, Yong Qiu, Minghui Ji, Shiyu Wang, Yuji Wang, Fei Wang, Xiaoming Feng, Shunxi Dong
2026, 37(5): 111442  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111442
[摘要]  (772) [HTML全文] (772) [PDF 1468KB] (772)
摘要:
Chiral 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,5-naphthyridines are frequently encountered in many bioactive compounds. However, the methods for their asymmetric synthesis are quite limited. Herein, we developed a straightforward and efficient route to enantioenriched tetrahydro-1,5-naphthyridines from pyridine derivatives tethered with alkene moieties (34 examples, up to 99% yield, 93% ee). The reaction proceeded via Csp2–H activation pathway initiated by site-selective deprotonation with the assistance of La[N(SiMe3)2]3/PyBox, followed by alkene insertion into the resulting La-aryl bond. The potential utility of the current method in organic synthesis was highlighted by scale-up synthesis of chiral product and its further transformations. Moreover, some of the products show a pronounced inhibitory effect on A549 cell activity. In addition, experimental studies and DFT calculations were carried out to elucidate the origin of enantiocontrol.
Inherently chiral molecular barrels via directional cascade hooping
Hao Zhou, Xu-Dong Wang, Yu-Fei Ao, De-Xian Wang, Qi-Qiang Wang
2026, 37(5): 111443  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111443
[摘要]  (688) [HTML全文] (688) [PDF 1001KB] (688)
摘要:
A kind of inherently chiral molecular barrels were efficiently constructed by a directional cascade hooping strategy. This strategy involves the anchoring of three nonsymmetric connecting arms onto a cap-dissymmetric bis(tetraoxacalix[2]arene[2]triazine) cage core, followed by hooping via imine condensation and reduction to afford the target molecular barrels with well-defined connectivity. The precise and high-yielding synthesis stems from both the bidirectional Ctriazine-N bond flipping dynamics and the reversible nature of imine formation. The molecular barrels comprise a bis(tetraoxacalix[2]arene[2]triazine) core encircled by a 72-membered loop, forming three fan-shaped cavities with inherent chirality and multiple endo-functionalized sites. The existence of multiple diastereoisomeric conformers due to the restricted Ctriazine-N bond flipping by the constrained loop structure was revealed by variable-temperature NMR studies and DFT calculations.
Solvent-regulated mesoporous terbium-perylenetetracarboxylate metal organic framework with enhanced electrochemiluminescence for ultrasensitive cTnI bioanalysis
Li Song, Shuchun Bu, Yilan Ding, Pu Zhang, Ya-Qin Chai, Yingzi Fu, Ruo Yuan
2026, 37(5): 111454  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111454
[摘要]  (710) [HTML全文] (710) [PDF 934KB] (710)
摘要:
The typical organic perylenetetracarboxylate (PTC) luminophore suffers from limited bio-application due to its aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) induced undesirable electrochemiluminescence (ECL) efficiency in aqueous solution. Herein, the ECL emission of PTC was highly improved through the ingenious coordination of PTC (ligand) with Tb3+ (metal ion) to prepare the Tb-PTC metal-organic framework (Tb-PTC MOF), which prevented the π-π stacking and the aggregation of PTC molecules in a homogeneous phase. Moreover, we found that the ECL emission of Tb-PTC MOF was further enhanced by regulating its morphology, pore size and electron transfer ability using different solvents during its synthesis procedure. Notably, under the mixture of DMF, EtOH, and H2O (v/v/v, 1:1:1), a mesoporous Tb-PTC MOF exhibited an outstanding ECL intensity, which may be attributed to two reasons. Firstly, the mesopore and rough surface of Tb-PTC MOF (luminophore) provided abundant active sites and enlarged contact surfaces for S2O82– (coreactant). Secondly, Tb-PTC MOF with higher electron transfer ability could accelerate electron/hole recombination to enhance its ECL emission. Additionally, Tb-PTC MOF with excellent ECL performance was applied as a luminophore to fabricate an ultrasensitive ECL immunosensor for cardiac troponin Ⅰ (cTnI) detection, related to acute myocardial infarction. The constructed ECL immunosensor exhibited a satisfactory linear range (1 fg/mL − 20 ng/mL) and a low detection limit of 0.48 fg/mL. This study provides a new trend for the preparation of PTC-based nanomaterials with highly efficient ECL performance, broadening the scope for sensitive immunoassay in disease diagnosis.
PⅢ/PⅤ-catalytic platform enabling N-fluoro-thiocarbonylation of diaryl amines for modular synthesis of tertiary N-trifluoromethylamines
Dongke Zhang, Li-Ao Ding, Qiuyu Xiang, Zhuojun Li, Qian Wu
2026, 37(5): 111461  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111461
[摘要]  (664) [HTML全文] (664) [PDF 1442KB] (664)
摘要:
Tertiary N–CF3 compounds have attracted intensive attention due to their great significance in discovery of new lead compounds, however, the synthesis of tertiary diaryl N–CF3 derivatives is still challenging. Herein, we successfully edit diaryl N–H into thiocarbamoyl fluorides with trifluoromethanesulfonyl chloride by use of a PⅢ/PⅤ redox catalyst, leading to the formation of series of diaryl N–CF3 with silver fluoride. In addition, this process is also highly efficient to dialkyl and alkylaryl secondary amines. The mechanism investigation illustrated that the use of hydrosilane is crucial to the success of this transformation. It acts as both terminal reductants to cycle the PⅢ/PⅤ couple and fluoride acceptor to promote the reaction between less reactive amine and thiocarbonyl difluoride intermediate.
γ-C(sp3)-H acylation of aliphatic amines enabled by cooperative photoredox NHC/Pd catalysis
Xin-Han Wang, Ying Huang, Chun-Lin Zhang, Song Ye
2026, 37(5): 111484  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111484
[摘要]  (708) [HTML全文] (708) [PDF 1113KB] (708)
摘要:
The site-selective C(sp3)-H functionalization is of great importance in synthetic chemistry. However, γ-amino C(sp3)-H functionalization of aliphatic amines remains challenging. Herein, we develop an efficient γ-C(sp3)-H acylation of aliphatic amines by cooperative photoredox NHC/Pd catalysis. The process entails the following key steps: (ⅰ) photoinduced palladium-promoted formation of aryl radical, (ⅰ) generation of transient γ-amino alkyl radical through aryl radical-mediated 1,7-HAT, (ⅲ) single-electron oxidation of Breslow enolate intermediate to persistent ketyl radical, and (ⅳ) radical/radical coupling of γ-amino alkyl radical with ketyl radical. The synthetic utility of this γ-amino C(sp3)-H acylation is illustrated by the conversion of readily available aliphatic amines to a diverse collection of γ-aminoketones, which serve as versatile building blocks to enable the synthesis of pyrrolines of interest in medicinal chemistry. The radical mechanism is supported by the results of various control experiments, in situ EPR analysis, radical trapping experiment, and isotopic labeling studies.
[7]Cyclophenoxathiin: A heptagonal frustum-shaped nanobelt container for fullerenes
Zhenglin Du, Weijie Zhang, Yisong Tang, Xia Li, Jialin Xie, Kelong Zhu
2026, 37(5): 111499  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111499
[摘要]  (714) [HTML全文] (714) [PDF 1024KB] (714)
摘要:
Nanobelts have attracted significant attention in both synthetic and supramolecular chemistry due to their distinctive structures and promising applications. However, their synthesis remains challenging due to the high strain inherent in their ribbon-like configurations. A promising approach to mitigate this strain involves incorporating heteroatoms, such as sulfur and oxygen, which not only alleviate strain but also introduce new functionalities. In this study, we report the synthesis of a novel C2-symmetric nanobelt, [7]cyclophenoxathiin ([7]CP), through a multi-step process. The structure of [7]CP was confirmed using NMR, mass spectrometry, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction, revealing a heptagonal frustum-shaped geometry. Host-guest interactions between [7]CP and selected fullerenes were investigated using UV–vis absorption, 1H NMR, and X-ray crystallography. Our findings demonstrate that [7]CP forms 1:1 complexes with fullerenes, exhibiting moderate binding through π−π interactions, with binding constants of 1638, 2534, and 3682 L/mol for C60, C70, and PC61BM, respectively. The reduced cavity size of [7]CP prevents the formation of dimeric complexes observed with [7]cyclophenoxathiin, while still allowing it to function effectively as a molecular container.
Red and near-infrared emissive nitrogen-sulfur co-doped carbonized nanoparticles for red laser-induced synergistic photothermal and photodynamic tumor therapy
Zhenjian Li, Xue Wu, Lingyun Li, Bingzhe Wang, Guichuan Xing, Yupeng Liu, Songnan Qu
2026, 37(5): 111501  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111501
[摘要]  (672) [HTML全文] (672) [PDF 1250KB] (672)
摘要:
Metal-free nanoparticles capable of executing synergistic photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) under the action of a single-wavelength laser have garnered considerable attention. Here, a novel type of nitrogen-sulfur co-doped carbon nanoparticles (TG-CNPs) was synthesized from taurine and genipin using a solvothermal method in dimethylformamide. The TG-CNPs, with an average size of approximately 25 nm, demonstrated red and near-infrared absorption/emission in aqueous solution. TG-CNPs exhibited negligible dark cytotoxicity, excellent biocompatibility, and remarkable lysosomal localization ability. Upon 655-nm laser irradiation, TG-CNPs exhibited strong photothermal performance with a photothermal conversion efficiency of 30% along with the efficient generation of superoxide radicals (•O2−). Leveraging the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, TG-CNPs facilitated passive targeting and accumulation at the tumor site. Notably, following a single round of 655-nm laser treatment, the tumors in the mice were completely eradicated, with no evidence of recurrence observed over the subsequent five months. This study introduces a promising metal-free, heteroatom-doped carbon nanoparticle platform for effective synergistic PTT/PDT in tumor treatment.
Divergent site-selective synthesis of deuterated pyrroles from radical initiated cyclizations of N-propargyl enamines
Baihui Zheng, Dandan Zhang, Baoping Ren, Yifei Li, Qun Liu, Ling Pan
2026, 37(5): 111544  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111544
[摘要]  (711) [HTML全文] (711) [PDF 2290KB] (711)
摘要:
Although the incorporation of deuterium has been widely researched, controlled deuterium labelling at precise sites is still very challenging. Herein, efficient catalytic synthesis of deuterated pyrroles is focused, the radical cyclizations of N-propargyl enamines were achieved from photoredox-mediated deuterated water splitting, giving deuterated pyrroles with deuterations at the C(sp2) and C(sp3) precisely. One or two-sites-deuterium incorporation as well as the controllable deuteration label at multi-H/D-exchange-sites, such as a methyl group, have been realized in high selectivity and efficiency via the solvent-controlled divergent deuterations. A halogen effect between solvents and substrates was proposed to initiate different catalytic cycles for the deuterations. The broad tolerance to substrates, the gram scale synthesis under natural sunlight irradiation and its applications in the synthesis of drug analogues further verified their practicality.
A concise asymmetric synthesis of (–)-oseltamivir phosphate via a biphasic Pd-catalyzed Heck-type cyclization
Qi Wang, Bichu Cheng, Minjie Liu, Fen-Er Chen
2026, 37(5): 111555  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111555
[摘要]  (730) [HTML全文] (730) [PDF 792KB] (730)
摘要:
A concise asymmetric synthesis of the anti-influenza drug (–)-oseltamivir phosphate (1) has been accomplished in 9 steps with an overall yield of 24%, starting from ethyl propiolate. The key features in this synthesis include an efficient biphasic Pd-catalyzed regioselectively intramolecular Heck-type cyclization to provide access to the highly valued chiral six-membered carbocyclic architecture, a regioselective and diastereoselective nitroso hetero-Diels-Alder reaction to construct the bicyclic oxazine 4 as well as a Cu(OTf)2-mediated regioselective and diastereoselective nucleophilic substitution reaction of bicyclic oxazine 4 with 3-pentanol to yield the trans-1,2-substituted diamino cyclohexyl amyl ether 16 with the correct three contiguous stereocenters. This rapid functionalization of the advanced molecular framework would offer an effective strategy for the asymmetric synthesis of other oseltamivir phosphate analogues.
Flexible two-dimensional uranium-organic framework with upgraded radiation resistant for X-ray imaging
Jueqiong Wang, Liwei Cheng, Yang Yang, Dewen He, Yingtong Fan, Zhiwei Li, Junhao Lu, Yumin Wang, Jia Lei, Zhiyong Peng, Aiping Jin, Dan Zhou, Zhizai Li, Shuaihua Wang, Lixi Chen, Yaxing Wang, Yanlong Wang, Shuao Wang
2026, 37(5): 111614  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111614
[摘要]  (802) [HTML全文] (802) [PDF 573KB] (802)
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The intrinsic scintillation property of uranium has recently endowed this heaviest naturally occurring element with new opportunities for X-ray radiation detection and visualization. However, the low radiation stability of most uranium compounds hinders their practical application, particularly in X-ray imaging. Here, we presented a flexible two-dimensional uranium-organic framework (UOF, SCU-334) as an air-stable scintillating material for X-ray detection and, for the first time, a systematic investigation of X-ray imaging in UOFs. Following continuous high dose rate X-ray irradiation exceeding 50 Gy, which equals thousands of chest X-ray diagnoses, SCU-334 retains over 90% of its initial performance, representing a significant improvement over previously reported scintillating UOFs. The upgraded radiation resistance of SCU-334 is attributed to its flexible structure that dissipates energy more efficiently under high-energy particle bombardment through conformation fluctuation and relaxation. This work offers a promising approach to improve the radiation resistance of uranium-based scintillators.
Photo-induced stereoselective 2-deoxyglycoside synthesis from glycals with carboxylic acids and alcohols
Xianrong Zeng, Hui-Ying Shi, Huiqian Huang, Zhaobin Wang
2026, 37(5): 111615  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111615
[摘要]  (663) [HTML全文] (663) [PDF 2036KB] (663)
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Synthesizing 2-deoxyglycosides, prevalent motifs in bioactive molecules, presents significant challenges in stereocontrol and functional group tolerance. We report a metal-free, photo-induced O-glycosylation of glycals using acridinium salts under visible light. This method effectively couples diverse glycals with both carboxylic acids and alcohols, providing facile access to α-2-deoxyglycosides under mild conditions with broad substrate scope and functional group compatibility. The protocol exhibits high α-stereoselectivity with carboxylic acids and moderate α-selectivity with alcohols, enabling late-stage functionalization of complex molecules, including amino acids, peptides, and drugs. Mechanistic experiments implicate the possible involvement of radical intermediates, potentially operating via a chain reaction. Notably, 2-deoxyglycosylation of NSAIDs using this method enhanced their neuroprotective properties in vitro. This photo-induced strategy offers a practical and versatile platform for accessing complex 2-deoxyglycans relevant to medicinal chemistry and chemical biology.
Screening of glial fibrillary acidic protein specific aptamer and application in the development of fluorescent biosensor based on isothermal amplification strategy
Yue Cao, Yue Lin, Li Chen, Huimin Niu, Renli Wei, Shuqian Qiu, Anjie Wang, Xiaoai Cao, Xiaofeng Lai, Yongshou Chen, Juanjuan Lin, Shuiliang Wang, Zhenyu Lin, Shenghang Zhang
2026, 37(5): 111616  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111616
[摘要]  (724) [HTML全文] (724) [PDF 577KB] (724)
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Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) can serve as a promising early blood biomarker for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Existing assays mostly rely on antibody-based detection technologies, the preparation of antibodies is relatively complex, costly, and requires high storage conditions. In this study, we screened an aptamer specifically targeting GFAP (KD = 0.621 µmol/L) through systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) technique for the first time and then applied which to develop a simple but sensitive fluorescent sensor by combining isothermal exponential amplification reaction (EXPAR) with hybridization chain reaction (HCR). The platform achieved a broad linear detection range (10 pg/mL to 10 µg/mL) and a low detection limit (0.24 pg/mL). The results detected by the proposed sensor were highly correlated with that detected by ELISA method (R = 0.9989, P < 0.0001). The work overcomes the limitations of antibody-based technologies and provides a promising solution for early diagnosis of AD.
Facile and regioselective B–H bond functionalization of carboranes via cage···Ⅰ(Ⅲ) interaction
Ping Zhang, Hongyuan Ren, Zhaofeng Sun, Hou-Ji Cao, Deshuang Tu, Chang-Sheng Lu, Jordi Poater, Miquel Solà, Hong Yan
2026, 37(5): 111617  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111617
[摘要]  (761) [HTML全文] (761) [PDF 1165KB] (761)
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The development of innovative strategies for inert B–H bond functionalization of carboranes and exploration of their potential applications represents a central task in organic chemistry. Here, we demonstrate the facile B–H bond functionalization in carboranes through a cage···Ⅰ(Ⅲ) interaction between a nido-carborane cluster and a hypervalent iodine(Ⅲ) unit. Both experimental and theoretical investigations reveal that the cage···Ⅰ(Ⅲ) interaction induces a charge transfer from the boron cage to the iodine moiety, which leads to a significant decrease of the negative charge at the B(9)–H site of nido-carborane. This facilitates the activation of the B–H bond and subsequent chemical transformations. The unprecedented cage···Ⅰ(Ⅲ) interaction offers a similar B–H bond activation mode as metal mediation. Furthermore, the treatment of nido-carboranes with the iodide(Ⅲ) reagent of PhI(OAc)2 affords nido-carborane-phenyl iodonium zwitterions as versatile synthons, which enable the modular construction of exopolyhedral B–O, B–N, B–P, and B–S bonds of carborane derivatives. This approach provides an efficient and scalable synthetic platform for metal-free and site-selective B–H bond functionalization of nido-carboranes under mild conditions. Notably, the developed 2D-3D fused structures can be used as ligands for the facile construction of novel boron cluster-fused hetero-polycyclic metal complexes in one step. These compounds demonstrate intriguing photophysical properties including aggregation-induced emission, tunable emission wavelength, and oxygen sensing.
Handheld integrated needle sensor based on arginine-engineered Cu-MOF with boosted enzyme-mimicking activity for sensitive detection of glyphosate
Yifei Chen, Yu Wu, Weiqing Xu, Yinjun Tang, Yujia Cai, Wenhong Yang, Wenxuan Jiang, Xin Yu, Jian Li, Ying Zhou, Yiwei Qiu, Wenling Gu, Chengzhou Zhu
2026, 37(5): 111649  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111649
[摘要]  (762) [HTML全文] (762) [PDF 1230KB] (762)
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Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with tunable structures provide a versatile platform for exploring active sites and show great potential in enzyme-like catalysis. In this study, arginine was employed as a modulator to synthesize an arginine-copper metal-organic framework (Arg-Cu-MOF), which demonstrated superior peroxidase-like activity and stability in comparison to unmodified Cu-MOF. The improved activity resulted from an increased density of Cu+ active sites, facilitating efficient •OH generation through H2O2 decomposition. Glyphosate interacts with the copper sites in a way that affects •OH generation and chromogenic substrate oxidation, leading to detectable colorimetric changes. By integrating Arg-Cu-MOF into a needle sensor, we allowed sample handling, reagent mixing, and signal readout, enabling both precise instrumental measurements and semi-quantitative visual detection of glyphosate. This sensor offers a detection range of 0.05–200 µg/mL with a detection limit of 0.049 µg/mL. This work highlights the potential of MOF modulation strategies and integrated detection platforms to enhance analytical performance, improve user-friendliness, and expand the application scope of biomimetic nanomaterials.
Enhancing the phosphorescence performance of organic doped system by carbonylation of guests
Lei Wang, Jianing Zhang, Jin Xiong, Wenbo Dai, Miaochang Liu, Xiaobo Huang, Yuye Chai, Yunxiang Lei, Zhengxu Cai, Minyu Zhu
2026, 37(5): 111706  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111706
[摘要]  (699) [HTML全文] (699) [PDF 1399KB] (699)
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The host-guest doped strategy has become the main method for constructing organic phosphorescence materials. In the doped system, guest molecules emit phosphorescence, therefore, improving the luminescence performance of guests is the key to optimizing the phosphorescence property of the doped materials. Herein, we designed to introduce the carbonyl group on the guest molecules. Carbonyl group can effectively promote n-π* transitions, thereby increasing the spin-orbit coupling (SOC) constant of the guests, ultimately improving the phosphorescence performance of the doped materials. Using the indazole derivative (IZ) as the initial guest, two other guests containing carboxyl group (IZ-CG) or ethoxycarbonyl group (IZ-EG) were successfully obtained. Further selected two small molecules and two polymers as the hosts to construct four doped systems. Among these doped systems, the phosphorescence performance of doped materials with IZ-CG or IZ-EG as the guest is significantly better than that of doped materials with IZ as the guest. The phosphorescence lifetime has increased by 2.3-5.0 times, and the phosphorescence quantum yield has increased by 3.0-5.7 times. Theoretical calculations and single crystal structures indicated that carbonyl groups can not only increase the SOC constant, but also enhance the intermolecular interactions of the guests. In addition, doped material can be effectively used for imaging subcutaneous and lymph nodes in mice, achieving a high signal-to-noise ratio.
Synergistic H2 production and tetracycline degradation: Unveiling the mechanism of a one-pot synthesized CeO2/CdS photocatalyst
Yufeng Gan, Deqian Zeng, Shunyan Ning, Ningchao Zheng, Xinpeng Wang, Yuezhou Wei, Jizhou Jiang
2026, 37(5): 111717  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111717
[摘要]  (692) [HTML全文] (692) [PDF 2717KB] (692)
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Coupling photocatalytic H2 generation with antibiotic degradation offers a promising strategy for addressing energy and environmental challenges, leveraging the synergistic benefits of these processes. Herein, a novel heterojunction photocatalyst consisting of ultrafine CeO2 nanoparticles anchored onto CdS nanosheets was prepared using a simple one-pot in-situ hydrothermal method, enabling the simultaneous photocatalytic H2 generation and tetracycline (TC) degradation. The H2 generation efficiency of the optimal CeO2/CdS (CC-0.10) is 3544 µmol g-1 h-1, which surpasses pure CdS by 29.3 times. Additionally, TC is degraded by CC-0.10 at a rate constant (k value) of 0.0352 min-1, 2.73 times faster than CdS (0.0129 min-1). The free radical quenching and electron spin resonance experiments revealed the active involvement of •OH and •O2- radicals in the TC degradation process. Moreover, the unique CeO2/CdS heterojunction photocatalyst was also effective in degrading TC wastewater with an H2 yield of 1374 µmol g-1 h-1, displaying its dual performance in simultaneously degrading antibiotic wastewater and producing H2. The CeO2/CdS type Ⅱ charge transfer mechanism is confirmed by XPS, EPR, KPFM, fs-TAS, and DFT calculations. This work introduces a promising approach to constructing rare-earth oxide/metal sulfide nanocomposites for addressing the interconnected challenges of energy production and environmental pollution.
Bioinspired underwater gas diffusion enhanced by superaerophilic stripe
Lingyao Zhang, Chunhui Zhang, Yingjia Sun, Qinglin Yang, Ziwei Guo, Xiaoqi Wang, Kang Wang, Lin Zhang, Kesong Liu, Shichao Niu, Cunming Yu, Lei Jiang
2026, 37(5): 111720  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111720
[摘要]  (677) [HTML全文] (677) [PDF 555KB] (677)
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Regulating gas diffusion is essential for a range of natural and industrial processes, including underwater breathing, aeration reactor and energy device. Natural organisms, e.g., water boatman, utilize their superaerophilic (SAL) abdomen to create a plastron underwater, enabling efficient gas exchange with dissolved oxygen. Herein, inspired by nature, we have developed a superaerophilic stripe that can form an air film underwater to enhance gas diffusion. Increasing the width (w) of the superaerophilic stripe and height (h) of water, along with decreasing the distance between the bubble and the stripe (d), can improve gas diffusion. Due to the improved dissolved gas diffusion, an efficient hydrogen evolution reaction driven by enhanced H2 diffusion was successfully achieved, resulting in an electrode potential decrease ~13 mV at the same current density of 1 mA/cm2 compared to that without the SAL stripe. This research offers important theoretical insights into the dynamics of gas diffusion and presents practical methods for enhancing gas mass transfer.
Molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor arrays combined with machine learning for simultaneous determination of three neonicotinoid insecticides
Dongshi Feng, Jiangdong Dai, Zhi Zhu, Pengwei Huo, Yongsheng Yan, Chunxiang Li
2026, 37(5): 111789  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111789
[摘要]  (757) [HTML全文] (757) [PDF 1063KB] (757)
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Exposure to different neonicotinoid insecticides (NNIs) can cause varying degrees of harm to mammals and may even be carcinogenic. Due to their similar molecular structures, it is not only difficult to distinguish NNIs in analysis, but also cross-reactions can also occur. These cross-reactions cause the calibration curves to exhibit strong nonlinearities that cannot be fitted by usual mathematical models. Here, we present an electrochemical sensor array comprising three sensing units for the simultaneous determination of imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, and nitenpyram. The method eliminates cross-reaction with the aid of machine learning. The machine learning model comprises three components: the Douglas-Peucker algorithm for data compression, principal component analysis for classification, and an artificial neural network for quantification. The randomly assigned validation set showed a classification accuracy of 96.3% for the model. The prediction accuracy was 98.77%. The limit of detection was < 0.037 µmol/L, with a detection range from 0.1 µmol/L to 200 µmol/L. Finally, the spiked tea samples were tested, and a satisfactory agreement was obtained between the expected and predicted values.
Bis-trimethylammonium pillar[5]arene and biphenyldisulfonic acid-based ionic pair assembled single crystals for iodine adsorption
Ting Zhang, Jia Chen, Mingxia Sun, Juanjuan Wang, Lulu Wang, Shuzhe Guan, Hongdeng Qiu
2026, 37(5): 111790  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111790
[摘要]  (665) [HTML全文] (665) [PDF 975KB] (665)
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In this work, bis-trimethylammonium pillar[5]arene (TP5) was synthesized for ionic pair assembly with 4,4′-biphenyldisulfonic acid (BA) to prepare a new kind of ionic single crystals (TP5-BA). The single crystal structure revealed that TP5-BA adopted an ordered cross-stacked arrangement under the combined influence of electrostatic interactions and π-π stacking forces. It is worth noting that TP5-BA exhibited exceptional performance in the adsorption of iodine vapor, with an adsorption capacity as high as 3.27 g/g. After 6 days, its retention rate remained at a high level of 99.71%. This finding may open up a new direction in supramolecular chemistry with ionic pair self-assembly, not only for the development of novel iodine adsorbent materials but also for many other potential applications such as catalysis and energy.
Fenton-like catalysis of single-atom Co-N4 for polymeric transformation and recovery of benzohydroxamic acid in mineral processing wastewater
Wensheng Li, Zhiqiang Sun, Yidi Chen, Xiaoguang Duan, Chuling Guo, Zhi Dang, Shih-Hsin Ho, Shishu Zhu
2026, 37(5): 111791  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111791
[摘要]  (710) [HTML全文] (710) [PDF 1206KB] (710)
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Benzohydroxamic acid (BHA) occurs as recalcitrant organic pollutant discharged from mining industry. While Fenton-like oxidation based on peroxymonosulfate (PMS) has been extensively applied for organic contamination mitigation, its conventional reaction pathway dependent on free radicals needs high energy input with elevated carbon emission. Here, we meticulously developed a novel single-atom catalyst featuring Co-N4 coordination (Cox@NC) to initiate a non-radical Fenton-like oxidation for BHA treatment. Results showed single-atom Co-N4 with the considerable Co content (>2 wt%) and quantitative N coordination displayed exceptional reactivity to activate PMS for BHA degradation with a turnover frequency > 16 min−1. Such single-atom Co-N4 formed a surface-reactive complexes with mild oxidation potential by coordinating with PMS to mediate electron transfer for oxidation of BHA. The mediated ETP further triggered polymerization transformation pathway of BHA through formation and coupling of phenoxy-like radicals, resulting in a considerable recovery yield of BHA polymers (~43%) and superior utilization efficiency of PMS (~434%). Combined with ultrahigh-resolution mass analysis, the identified polymerized products illustrated the related polymerization mechanisms of BHA including hydroxylation, monomer radical generation, dimerization, and chain extension. Such Fenton-like catalysis of single-atom Co-N4 exhibited more remarkable application potentials in mineral processing wastewater treatment compared to traditional Fenton reaction, reducing oxidant consumption and increasing organic carbon recovery. This study enhances development of resource-efficient Fenton-like oxidation technologies for mineral processing wastewater treatment.
Metallocene-based molecule junctions: Electron transport across Au||Au and Au||graphene electrodes
Chang Liu, Jianbo Li, Yijia Wang, Chenguang Liu, Sylvain Pitie, Mahamadou Seydou, Chun Zhao, Paul J. Low, Yannick J. Dappe, Li Yang
2026, 37(5): 111811  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111811
[摘要]  (749) [HTML全文] (749) [PDF 787KB] (749)
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Metallocenes are a wide family of organometallic compounds, in which two cyclopentadienyl ligands "sandwich" a metal ion, M(η5-C5R5)2, and have considerable potential for use as components in molecular electronics applications. Here we have studied the electronic transport properties of the matallocenes MCp2 (M = V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Ru; Cp = η5-C5H5) and MCp*2 (M = Mn, Fe, Co; Cp* = η5-C5Me5). Molecular junctions have been fabricated using either two gold, or one gold and one graphene electrode(s), giving rise to single-molecule conductance values of the order of -4 to -3 log(G/G0)) depending on both the nature of the metallocene and the electrode materials. Calculations on model junctions at the density functional theory level of theory reveal significant charge transfer from the metallocene to the junction electrodes and changes in the nature of the primary charge transport pathways in response to the nature of the metal, supporting ligands, molecular oxidation state and electrode composition.
High-performance bifunctional electrocatalyst (NiFe-LDH/MoNi4) with enhanced chloride corrosion resistance for achieving seawater overall-splitting at industrial temperature
Gang Zhao, Wenbo Liao, Lan Mu, Baojie Zhang, Ning Zhao, Tianyong Zhang, Xijin Xu
2026, 37(5): 111825  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111825
[摘要]  (800) [HTML全文] (800) [PDF 1406KB] (800)
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Nickel-iron double hydroxides are corroded by Cl− during seawater electrolysis, which reduces their catalytic activity and stability. Here, a high-performance bifunctional electrocatalyst (NiFe-LDH/MoNi4) with enhanced chloride corrosion resistance was synthesized. In the OER process, Mo element in the catalyst was reconstructed to form MoO42−, which repelled Cl− to prevent the catalyst from being corroded. Besides, the heterostructure of NiFe-LDH/MoNi4 decreased the reduction of HER active site during HER process (Mo element dissolves easily in alkaline media due to thermodynamic instability). Therefore, based on in-situ self-reconstruction of Mo element and heterostructure in alkaline seawater, NiFe-LDH/MoNi4 delivered a current density of 10 mA/cm2 for the HER (OER) at industrial temperatures (80 ℃) with an overpotential of merely 32 mV (139 mV). Additionally, when NiFe-LDH/MoNi4 is employed as both the anode and cathode, a battery voltage of just 1.39 V (3.13 V) is sufficient to attain a current density of 10 mA/cm2 (1 A/cm2). The system is also capable of sustained operation at a high current density of 500 mA/cm2 for a period of 50 h.
Amorphous-boron boosted Fenton-like activation of periodate for water remediation: Multiple routes for generating reactive oxygen species
Shuo Chen, Yuxuan Xiang, Qiulin Yang, Shuang Meng, Chuanshu He, Yang Liu, Jing Zhang, Zhaokun Xiong, Peng Zhou, Bo Lai
2026, 37(5): 111838  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111838
[摘要]  (708) [HTML全文] (708) [PDF 1050KB] (708)
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Although periodate (PI) activation via iron-based Fenton-like reactions effectively generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) for pollutant degradation, Fe(Ⅲ) accumulation poses a major challenge to sustained ROS generation. Here, amorphous-boron (AB) was employed as a co-catalyst for boosting Fenton-like activation of PI (primarily Fe(Ⅲ)/PI) towards water decontamination, and the AB/Fe(Ⅲ)/PI process can promptly and steadily oxidize sulfamethoxazole (SMX) during 5 cycling tests. Through integrated qualitative and semi-quantitative analyses of ROS, including EPR, quenching, and chemical probes, AB can directly activate PI to produce hydroxyl radical and indirectly accelerate Fenton-like activation of PI to produce Fe(Ⅳ) by reducing Fe(Ⅲ). The synergetic routes of radical (hydroxyl radical) and non-radical (Fe(Ⅳ)) ensure the high capability of AB/Fe(Ⅲ)/PI for degrading a wide variety of contaminants with diversiform molecular structures. Moreover, characterizations (XPS, EPR, HAADF-STEM, HRTEM, Raman, and XRD) reveals the stepwise boron oxidation via B-B bond cleavage can sustainably donate electron for direct and indirect activation of PI. The self-cleaning surface caused by the synergetic stepwise oxidation of boron and dissolution of boron oxide maintains the high stability of AB for co-catalyzing Fenton-like activation of PI during long-term operation. Therefore, this study proposes a novel Fenton-like technique for eliminating organic contaminants with low iron sludge output and long-term stability.
Ag3PO4/g-C3N4 S-scheme heterojunction photoanode coupled with natural air diffusion electrode for efficient organic pollutants degradation and H2O2 generation
Jiangli Sun, Chaohui Zhang, Yican Zhang, Chunhong Fu, Ruiheng Liang, Zhongzheng Hu, Ge Song, Minghua Zhou
2026, 37(5): 111839  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111839
[摘要]  (735) [HTML全文] (735) [PDF 1531KB] (735)
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The utilization of photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) technology for water pollution treatment and value-added chemical production is important in sustainable development strategies. A system combining Ag3PO4/g-C3N4 S-scheme heterojunction photoanodic oxidation with natural air diffusion electrode (NADE) reduction was designed. The PEC system could remove 94.5% of tetracycline (TC) with the first-order kinetic rate constant of 0.148 min-1, while the H2O2 yield in the cathodic chamber reached 4.3 µmol-1 h-1 cm-2 under 2.0 V cell voltage. The rate constant of TC degradation by the Ag3PO4/g-C3N4 coupled NADE PEC system was 4.4 times that of Ag3PO4/g-C3N4 coupled Pt PEC system (0.034 min-1). This was attributed to the synergistic effect between accelerated photoanode carrier transfer and increased H2O2 yield. The production of H2O2 in the cathode chamber of the PEC system with the presence of TC was 2.3 times that of absence of TC (1.9 µmol-1 h-1 cm-2). The active substances playing a major role in this PEC system were mainly h+ followed by •OH. Significantly, the efficient operation of the PEC system under actual sunlight will be conducive to the exploration of practical applications in the future. This study provides new insights for constructing efficient cathode-anode coupled PEC systems for water purification and simultaneous H2O2 production.
Peroxymonosulfate activation by Fe(Ⅲ)-phytate co-precipitation for efficient water treatment at circumneutral pH: The critical role of direct electron transfer
Lijuan Huang, Rui Gan, Xin Han, Meilin Sun, Li Chen, Wen Liu, Xiaoxin Zhang, Fei Pan
2026, 37(5): 111840  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111840
[摘要]  (747) [HTML全文] (747) [PDF 947KB] (747)
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Improving the reactivity of Fe(Ⅲ) is the bottleneck in the catalytic activity of persulfate-based Fenton-like chemistry. In this study, the Fe(Ⅲ)-PA catalyst was prepared for the activation of persulfate (PMS) by co-precipitation of phytate with iron ions. In particular, the Fe(Ⅲ)-PA/PMS system achieved efficient degradation of the target pollutant TCH under a wide range of pH conditions from 3.0 to 9.0. In the Fe(Ⅲ) PA/PMS/TCH system, the oxidative degradation of TCH was mainly via the direct electron transfer pathway. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed the mechanism of PMS activation potentiation, that is, phytate reduced the adsorption energy of the catalyst for PMS from -0.43 eV to -2.72 eV by coordination with the ferrihydrite. Moreover, Fe(Ⅲ)-PA functions as an electron shuttle and accelerates the electron transfer process between TCH and PMS. The removal of TCH under the electron transfer process (ETP) mediated by Fe(Ⅲ)-PA was selective, thereby demonstrating less sensitivity to the presence of co-existing ions and natural organic matter (NOMs). This work provides a viable case for ligand-enhanced Fe(Ⅲ) activation of PMS and reveals the critical role of direct electron transfer in pollutant elimination.
Aqueously dispersed homopolypeptide nanotoroids with tunable circularly polarized luminescence
Yuanpeng Ye, Xinke Hu, Dong Yang, Qianxi Gu, Shangning Liu, Jinhui Jiang, Guofeng Liu, Jianzhong Du
2026, 37(5): 111844  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111844
[摘要]  (745) [HTML全文] (745) [PDF 845KB] (745)
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Aqueously dispersed nanomaterials exhibiting circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) hold great potentials in biological fields due to the inherent chirality of biological systems and its excellent biocompatibility. However, the limited availability of biodegradable CPL nanoparticles in aqueous media has severely constrained the development of biomedical CPL. Here, we present a facile strategy for achieving tunable CPL of aqueously dispersed nanotoroids through the co-assembly of a homopolypeptide with three achiral triphenylamine derivatives, showing a CPL performance depending on the architecture and doping content of small molecules. Remarkably, a deep-red CPL can be achieved with a record luminescence dissymmetry factor (glum = 1.1 × 10−2) among aqueously polypeptide-based nanoparticles. Furthermore, the densely packed nanostructure completely suppressed the intrinsic reactive oxygen species generation of the chromophores by restricting oxygen diffusion and quenching exciton-energy transfer, thereby eliminating phototoxic risks while preserving imaging fidelity. Overall, this work not only provides a facile method for achieving aqueous CPL from achiral molecules but also establishes a structure-property relationship between chromophore geometry and supramolecular CPL performance, advancing their potential in biological fields.
Boosting the photodynamic therapy efficiency by modulating lactate-fueled respiration using a hollow MOF nanostructure
Bei Liu, Weizhe Xu, Wenfei Xu, Lirong Sun, Fanling Zhang, Zhaogang Sun, Yucheng Cheng, Hongqian Chu
2026, 37(5): 111851  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111851
[摘要]  (683) [HTML全文] (683) [PDF 1428KB] (683)
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Lactate (LA) is now recognized as a critical carbon source for tumor metabolism, making its transport blockade a promising anticancer therapeutic strategy. In this study, we incorporated α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamate (CHC) into hollow-structured CuS@PCN nanoparticles to inhibit LA influx by suppressing the expression of the monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) in tumor cells. This intervention shifted tumor cell metabolism from LA-fueled oxidative phosphorylation towards anaerobic glycolysis, consequently elevating intratumoral oxygen (O2) levels. The photosensitizer-based metal-organic framework (PCN) component was then able to efficiently convert this elevated O2 into abundant reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby enhancing photodynamic therapy (PDT) efficacy. Notably, the hollow mesoporous CuS nanoparticle core functioned dually as a high-capacity CHC carrier and a photothermal agent that enables CHC release under near-infrared (NIR) irradiation. Further surface conjugation with folic acid-polyethylene glycol (FA-PEG) imparted tumor-targeting specificity via folate receptor recognition and prolonged systemic circulation. Both in vitro and in vivo evaluations demonstrated the excellent biocompatibility and significantly improved PDT performance of the synthesized CHC-CuS@PCN-FA (CHC-CP-FA) nanoplatform. These findings underscore the considerable potential of CHC-CP-FA for future cancer treatment applications.
Beyond the bench: Evaluating the reliability of chemical scavengers in radical-based advanced oxidation processes
Ruiyang Xiao, Zonghao Luo, Zongsu Wei, Daisuke Minakata, Richard Spinney, Stanisław Wacławek, Weizhi Zeng, Chongjian Tang
2026, 37(5): 111853  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111853
[摘要]  (794) [HTML全文] (794) [PDF 1044KB] (794)
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Chemical scavengers are frequently used to quantify the contribution of target radicals to contaminant removal in natural and engineered waters. While favored for their ease of use and versatility across systems, improper selection can lead to significant kinetic and mechanistic misinterpretations. This study presents a critical evaluation of chemical scavengers in radical-induced reactions across various environmental scenarios. Specifically, we demonstrate that in systems containing both target and coexisting radicals, commonly used scavengers can react with both species, complicating the measurement of reaction kinetics and leading to misinterpretation of target radical contributions. In addition, we discuss the challenges associated with applying scavengers in heterogeneous systems, where the distribution of scavengers and target compounds across interfaces significantly impacts the evaluation of radical contributions. Further, our insights from non-steady-state systems into radicals' dynamic behavior and transient phenomena are often overlooked in other steady-state conditions. We address interactions between scavengers and triplet excited-state compounds in photochemical systems, emphasizing the importance of selecting appropriate scavengers to ensure accurate kinetic profiling and radical quantification. These findings hold significant implications for advancing scavenger research across a broad range of chemical research and practical applications.
Interlaced nanosheet-structured Co3O4/Ti anode for efficient chlorine evolution for in-situ environmental remediation
Yican Zhang, Jiangli Sun, Shasha Li, Xueying Ren, Jiana Jing, Jiatong Zhang, Yujie Chen, Minghua Zhou
2026, 37(5): 111857  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111857
[摘要]  (756) [HTML全文] (756) [PDF 2894KB] (756)
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Chlorine is not only widely used as an important basic chemical, but also shows promising in-situ electrochemical remediation. Unfortunately, its electrochemical production usually relies on expensive noble-metal dimensionally stable anode (DSA). Herein, a high-performance non-noble metal Co3O4/Ti anode was developed by a simple electrodeposition-calcination method, demonstrating a high efficiency in producing active chlorine in a wide pH range (3–11) and at relatively low Cl- concentration close to different real environmental requirements due to its abundant surface area and active sites provided by the interlaced nanosheet structure anode. Compared with commercial DSA, the Co3O4/Ti anode offered significant advantages in terms of Faraday efficiency, electric energy consumption and economic cost, achieving the rate of active chlorine production of 14.97 mg L-1 min-1 in 0.5 mol/L NaCl electrolyte solution (pH 6) with a Faraday efficiency of 96.8% and low energy consumption of 2.49 kWh/kg. Moreover, the robust backbone structure of the anode enabled the Faraday efficiency to be maintained at about 92.2% without deactivation after ten cycles of reaction. In addition, this Co3O4/Ti electrode demonstrated effectiveness in treating organic pollutants and mariculture wastewater and seawater rapid sterilization. This study provides new inspirations for the construction of highly efficient, low-cost, and low energy consumption non-noble metal cobalt-based anode for the in-situ environmental remediation application.
Enhanced PFOA removal via defect engineering in NH2-UiO-66
Shiyu Wei, Xiang Li, Chao Huang, Dongmei Chen, Shunlin Zhang, Bixue Zhu
2026, 37(5): 111858  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111858
[摘要]  (881) [HTML全文] (881) [PDF 1257KB] (881)
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Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), especially perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), pose a significant threat to ecosystems and human health due to their extreme persistence and bioaccumulative properties. Although metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) show potential for adsorption, their efficiency is limited by insufficient active sites and the inability to control the design of adsorption centers, which is a key bottleneck for practical application. In this study, defect engineering was employed to synthesize NH2-UiO-66 derivatives with gradient defect densities (NH2-UiO-66, -LD, -HD), exposing unsaturated Zr sites to enhance PFOA capture. The optimized NH2-UiO-66-HD exhibited ultrafast kinetics, achieving 95% removal within 30 min and a theoretical adsorption capacity of up to 739.31 mg/g, surpassing most MOFs and traditional adsorbents. Mechanistic studies revealed that defect-induced unsaturated Zr sites act as high-affinity anchors, strongly coordinating with the -COO- group of PFOA, while forming a triple interaction mechanism with N–H···F hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions (-NH3+), a synergy not previously reported. The material maintained over 90% efficiency through seven cycles, addressing long-standing regenerability challenges in PFAS remediation. This research pioneers a programmable defect-control approach to create hierarchical active sites in MOFs and first demonstrates the synergy of Zr coordination, hydrogen bonding, and electrostatic attraction for ultra-efficient PFAS removal.
Vanadium nitride-assisted electronic engineering of platinum for enhanced electrocatalytic hydrogen oxidation and CO tolerance
Xu Zhang, Bin Cai, Tianyu Han, Ziyun Li, Ying Xie, Lei Wang
2026, 37(5): 111860  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111860
[摘要]  (739) [HTML全文] (739) [PDF 1165KB] (739)
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The high sensitivity of platinum (Pt)-based catalysts to CO during the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) at the anode is one of the key issues for the long-term stable development of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Modulating the electronic structure of Pt is considered an effective approach to enhancing HOR activity and improving CO tolerance. Herein, we utilized the synergistic effect between the transition metal interstitial compounds (TMICs) of VN and Pt to develop a Pt-VN heterojunction-loaded carbon nanofiber catalyst (Pt-VN/NCNF) for CO tolerance in HOR. The introduction of VN causes electronic orbitals rearrangement of Pt, thereby optimizing the adsorption of H on the Pt surface. Meanwhile, the overlap of the d-band of the electron-deficient Pt with the 1π and 5σ bonding orbitals of CO was significantly reduced, which suppresses the strong CO adsorption on Pt surfaces and leave more active sites for H2 adsorption and oxidation. As a result, Pt-VN/NCNF exhibits a mass activity of 1.26 mA/µgPt, 41 times higher than that of commercial Pt/C. Encouragingly, Pt-VN/NCNF maintains 96.7% of its original activity even in the presence of 1000 ppm CO. As anticipated, Pt-VN/NCNF-based PEMFCs demonstrate superior CO tolerance to Pt/C in H2/CO mixtures with CO concentrations ranging from 10 ppm to 1000 ppm.
Influence of the interlayer properties on the thin-film composite membrane performance based on UiO-66 and its derivatives
Hao Liu, Pin Zhao, Yao Jiang, Subo Xu, Weilong Song, Xinhua Wang
2026, 37(5): 111862  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111862
[摘要]  (780) [HTML全文] (780) [PDF 925KB] (780)
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To elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of interlayers on interfacial polymerization (IP) dynamics and thin-film composite (TFC) membrane performance, UiO-66 and its derivatives with tailored properties were synthesized and employed as interlayers to fabricate TFC membranes. The influence of interlayer's charge and porosity on IP reaction was systematically investigated based on the forward osmosis (FO) system. Results showed that the introduction of the UiO-66 interlayer promoted the diffusion of the reactive monomer during the initial stage of the IP reaction, resulting in a wrinkled and thin polyamide (PA) layer. Compared to the pristine TFC membrane, the UiO-66–0% interlayered TFC membrane exhibited 2.7-fold enhanced water permeability (21.67 L m−2 h−1 (LMH)) but reduced salt rejection (3.69 g m−2 h−1 (gMH)). Incorporation of amino-functionalized UiO-66–30% with enhanced positive charge induced a double-layer PA structure, reducing water flux to 15.13 LMH. Engineering hierarchically porous UiO-66 (HP-UiO-66–30%) achieved balanced performance, maintaining high flux (21.04 LMH) while significantly improving rejection (1.39 gMH). This study demonstrates that strategic modulation of nanomaterial functionality and porosity enables precise PA layer engineering for high-performance TFC membranes with simultaneously enhanced permeability and selectivity.
Chiral porous liquid D-his-ZIF-8-[Bpy][NTf2] for capillary gas chromatographic separation
Xiao-Yan Ran, Tian-Jian Xiong, Yu-Ping Yang, Zong-Hong Luo, Cheng Liu, Yu-Lan Zhu, Jun-Hui Zhang, Bang-Jin Wang, Sheng-Ming Xie, Li-Ming Yuan
2026, 37(5): 111864  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111864
[摘要]  (765) [HTML全文] (765) [PDF 551KB] (765)
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Porous liquids (PLs), as a new class of porous materials with permanent porosity and liquid fluidity, have attracted extensive research interest due to their excellent physical and chemical properties. Herein, we synthesized a chiral porous liquid D-his-ZIF-8-[Bpy][NTf2] based on a metal-organic framework (MOF) and used it as a new stationary phase to investigate its separation performance by high-resolution gas chromatography. The porosity of this porous liquid system was verified through Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and positron (e+) annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS). The results showed that the D-his-ZIF-8-[Bpy][NTf2] coated capillary column (column A) exhibited excellent separation performance for n-alkanes, n-alcohols, alkylbenzens, isomers, and racemic compounds. Among them, fifteen pairs of enantiomers including alcohols, esters, epoxides, ketones, haloalkanes, and amino acid derivatives were well separated on column A with good reproducibility and stability. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) of the retention time and peak area of two analytes (3-butyne-2-ol and dichlorobenzene) were <1.80% and 0.80%, respectively. By comparing the chiral recognition ability of D-his-ZIF-8-[Bpy][NTf2] coated column A with D-his-ZIF-8 coated column B, the column A has better separation efficiency for chiral compounds than column B. In addition, the chiral recognition ability of column A is complementary to that of commercially available β-DEX 120 column (column C). Compared with the commercial HP-35 column and the previously reported P5A-C10–2NH2 column for the separation of organic mixtures and/or isomers, column A exhibits similar separation performance and has a good separation complementarity to these two columns. Hence, this work opens up a new way for the practical application of porous framework solid materials in gas chromatography.
Disorder–order transition of two-dimensional molecular networks by selenium doping
Liangliang Cai, Xinyi Zhang, Jiayi Lu, Juan Xiang, Qiang Sun, Andrew T.S. Wee
2026, 37(5): 111874  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111874
[摘要]  (703) [HTML全文] (703) [PDF 1088KB] (703)
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Geometrical configurations at the nanometer scale are inherently linked to electronic properties, offering exciting opportunity to engineer the latter through precise structural control. The honeycomb structure, a prominent geometry in two-dimensional materials like graphene, has become a versatile platform for advancing energy technologies, quantum computing, and nanoscale sensing. Achieving a perfect honeycomb network at large scale remains challenging but desired, especially when atomic defects and disorder can severely impact materials' properties and performances. Intrinsic topological defects often persist due to the conformational flexibility of the precursor skeletons, which allows precursor monomers to deform despite variations in preparation parameters. To address this challenge, we employ a tripod molecular precursor, pTBPT, combined with ultrahigh vacuum on-surface synthesis. Networks comprising rings of different edges are initially formed after deposition of pTBPT on Cu (111) at room temperature to 420 K. At low coverage (~0.015 monolayer) selenium doping, we achieve the fabrication of ordered honeycomb networks with much improved structural homogeneity. Selenium doping facilitated the formation of ordered two-dimensional metal-organic nanostructure from 360 K to 480 K. The disorder−order transition of molecular networks through selenium doping on Cu (111) is explored through high-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). A persistent homology method is resorted to quantify the degree of order of our patterns. The regulation of energy diagrams in the absence or presence of the selenium atom is revealed by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. These findings can enrich the on-surface synthesis toolbox of conformationally flexible precursors, for the design of ordered nanoarchitectures, and for future development of engineered honeycomb nanomaterials.
Synergy between Si-O-C bonding and graphitic N enables exceptional Fenton-like activity rivaling single-atom catalysis
Lifei Hou, Siyuan You, Rui Li, Haoyun Lu, Yanan Shang, Xing Xu
2026, 37(5): 111903  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111903
[摘要]  (673) [HTML全文] (673) [PDF 1515KB] (673)
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In light of the prevalent issues associated with metal ion dissolution, secondary pollution, and poor stability in traditional metal-based Fenton catalysts, this study innovatively developed a metal-free carbon-based catalyst co-doped with Si-O bonds and graphitic nitrogen using natural diatomite as the precursor. By leveraging the synergistic effects of Si-O bonds and graphitic nitrogen, the electronic structure of the carbon matrix was effectively modulated, establishing an efficient electron transport channel for peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation. Results showed that the Fenton-like performance of the resulting catalysts was far superior to those of traditional metal catalysts and can be comparable to various single-atom catalysts. Both the radical and 1O2 pathways exhibited a negligible role in the metal-free Si-O/N@DM/PMS systems. In contrast, electron transfer process (ETP) was the predominate oxidation pathway for acetaminophen (PCM) degradation in the Si-O/N@DM/PMS systems. To facilitate engineering applications, we further designed a proton membrane reactor integrated with a four-channel PMS system, which could introduce an enlarged ETP pathway for pollutant degradation; this addresses the key issues of both sulfate pollution and metal leaching in water caused by traditional metal-based Fenton systems.
Efficient copper sorption from saline wastewater using citrate-modified biochar with robust anti-salt interferences
Xianxin Luo, Jianhao Xu, Qi Luo, Yan Xiao, Feng Wei, Meitong Li, Wenjiao Yuan, Penghui Shao, Shenglian Luo
2026, 37(5): 111914  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111914
[摘要]  (688) [HTML全文] (688) [PDF 716KB] (688)
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Eliminating heavy metals from industrial high-salinity wastewater is imperative for sustainable industrial development and environmental protection. Herein, a citrate-modified biochar that demonstrated robust anti-salt interference was developed. The sorbent achieved an adsorption capacity of 252.14 mg/g in 4.1 mol/L NaCl solution and 232.55 mg/g in 1.4 mol/L Na2SO4 solution, maintaining efficient Cu(Ⅱ) adsorption over four cycles. It retained an adsorption capacity of 236.89 mg/g in real waste salt-derived brine. Adsorption followed pseudo-first-order kinetics (k = 0.0901 min-1) and conformed to the Langmuir isotherm (qmax = 251.21 mg/g) model, indicating that physical adsorption on a homogeneous surface primarily governs the adsorption mechanisms. Thermodynamic analysis revealed that the adsorption is spontaneous and endothermic, with enhanced affinity for Cu(Ⅱ) at higher temperatures. Oxygen-containing groups, especially the hydroxyl group, drove adsorption via surface precipitation/complexation, ultimately generating posnjakite (Cu4(SO4)(OH)6·2H2O). Cost analysis showed that the total expenditure for treating 1000 L of wastewater (300 mgCu/L) was ＄28.89 (＄0.0963/gCu(Ⅱ)) and the treatment capacity using fixed-bed columns was 120 L/kg. These findings offer a viable and cost-effective strategy for Cu(Ⅱ) elimination from high-salinity wastewater.
Surface engineering of perovskite oxides via in-situ cobalt exsolution for catalytic toluene oxidation
Mudi Wu, Selvi Mushina, Mingwu Tan
2026, 37(5): 111923  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111923
[摘要]  (744) [HTML全文] (744) [PDF 1456KB] (744)
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Non-noble metal catalysts have garnered significant attention as sustainable alternatives to precious metal catalysts for the abatement of hydrocarbon emissions and mitigating environmental pollution. In this study, we employed an in-situ exsolution strategy coupled with oxidation stabilization to engineer the surface of cobalt-doped LaFeO3-δ catalysts, successfully extending their application in an oxygen-rich scenario. The formed unique socket-like structure facilitates the exposure of highly reactive CoOx particles with superior homogeneity in both size and distribution. The optimized catalyst, CoOx@LFCO-3, achieved 90% toluene conversion at a notably lower temperature of 237 ℃ with a space velocity of 20,000 mL g−1 h−1. Mechanistic studies revealed that the enhanced interaction between exsolved cobalt oxides and the perovskite support, along with abundant active sites, significantly improved the catalyst's performance in low-temperature toluene oxidation. This work presents a scalable approach for developing cost-effective, high-performance perovskite oxide catalysts for environmental applications.
Construction of porous molecularly imprinted polymer on amylose for selective adsorption of estradiol
Xu Guo, Dandan Yang, Zhongyu He, Jie Ding, Lan Ding, Daqian Song
2026, 37(5): 111927  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111927
[摘要]  (686) [HTML全文] (686) [PDF 841KB] (686)
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The preparation of porous molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) from starch, a natural product, presents significant challenges. In this study, we developed a straightforward method for preparing porous MIPs (DFP-MIPs) by crosslinking short amylose as a functional monomer with decafluorobiphenyl (DFP) as a cross-linker. Experimental results indicated that DFP-MIPs exhibited a larger specific surface area (14.06 m2/g) and adsorption capacity (26.3 mg/g), and a high imprinting factor of 3.14 for estradiol (E2), compared to MIPs prepared using tetrafluorobenzenediamine with a single benzene ring as the cross-linker. A method for detecting E2 in milk and meat samples was also established using DFP-MIPs as the adsorbent in conjunction with high-performance liquid chromatography. Under optimal conditions, this method demonstrated a linear range of 0.0200–0.400 µg/g, a detection limit of 0.00300 µg/g, and a recovery rate of 85.2% to 101.4%. The proposed method for preparing DFP-MIPs is expected to provide a new pathway for the development of porous and highly selective MIPs using amylose.
A universal strategy based carbonized polymer dots self-assembled supramolecular oleogel lubricants via chain entanglement for friction reduction and anti-wear
Pai Yu, Chenchen Wang, Hualin Lin, Sheng Han
2026, 37(5): 111931  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111931
[摘要]  (740) [HTML全文] (740) [PDF 1087KB] (740)
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Developing a supramolecular polymer gel based on carbonized polymer dots with highly efficient lubrication properties is very challenging. Here, we obtained a kind of carbonized polymer dots (CPDs) by thermal reflux of long-chain aliphatic amines in halogenated benzene solvents. The CPDs nano-gel achieved high lubrication performance due to entangling effect of long chain and reversible thixotropic behavior after gel formation. Two-dimensional correlation synchronous (2D-COS) showed the CPDs connect small carbon dots into large hydrophobic structures through their own dense chain entanglement, thus trapping oil to form gel. Chain entanglement, as a non-permanent crosslinking, can slide under stress, and this flexible and dynamic characteristic allows it to maintain efficient and long-lasting lubrication without hysteresis during friction. The tribological test results showed a significant reduction of 38.14% in the coefficient of friction and 93.71% in wear scar diameter after lubrication with CPDs nano-gel. Moreover, the serial analysis for the friction interface and computational methodologies revealed that the formation of tribochemical film between friction pairs is the key to reduce wear. This study underscored the possibility of utilizing carbonized polymer dots for self-assembly applications, and we anticipate that supramolecular carbonized polymer dots gels have great potential in lubrication and emission reduction, ultimately contributing to the development of a sustainable society.
Heteroatom synergy in N/O dual-doped biochar enhances non-radical degradation in Fenton-like reactions: Mechanisms, practical performance and ecological sustainability
Enyu Zhao, Xin Tan, Ran Liu, Zihan Yu, Runbin Zeng, Wei Hong, Haiqiang Qi, Xuguang Li, Liangguo Yan, Xing Xu, Wen Song
2026, 37(5): 111935  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111935
[摘要]  (763) [HTML全文] (763) [PDF 1856KB] (763)
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Rational design of nonmetallic heteroatom-doped biochar catalysts for peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation faces dual challenges in regulating electronic structures and clarifying non-radical pathways. This study addressed this through a nitrogen-oxygen co-doped biochar (NOBCBM) synthesized via mechanochemical ball milling and chemical doping. Co-doping of C=O, pyridinic N, and graphitic N synergistically enhanced electron transfer and PMS activation efficiency compared to single N-doped biochar systems. The optimized NOBCBM removed 94% oxytetracycline (OTC) (20 mg/L) in 30 min, with a kinetic constant (kobs = 0.1523 min−1) over twice that of NSBCBM (0.0664 min−1). Radical quenching and electron paramagnetic resonance identified singlet oxygen (1O2) and electron transfer as dominant non-radical pathways. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed oxygen doping elevates local electrostatic potential and redistributes electron density at N-active sites, amplifying catalytic activity. The system demonstrated robust catalytic performance across pH 3–11, high salinity, and complex water matrices, maintaining > 80% OTC removal over 72 h. Plant growth assays and life cycle assessment (LCA) confirmed minimal ecological impacts, with purified water supporting normal seedling development. This work elucidates the critical role of N/O co-doping in steering PMS activation toward non-radical mechanisms while establishing a sustainable paradigm for metal-free biochar catalysis in water remediation.
Recyclable construction of chiral hydrogen-bonded frameworks via inducer-modulated spontaneous resolution for enantioselective sensing
Bin Zhao, Wenyue Cui, Wenhao Huang, Zongsu Han, Zhonghang Chen, Peng Cheng, Wei Shi
2026, 37(5): 111975  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111975
[摘要]  (736) [HTML全文] (736) [PDF 689KB] (736)
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Spontaneous resolution is a way for constructing chiral compounds from achiral modules, but the products are usually stochastic, which is unsuitable for enantioselective applications. Herein, a pair of chiral hydrogen-bonded frameworks assembled from achiral modules was reported. By introducing reusable chiral inducers, enantiomerically enriched NKU-777-xD/xL were obtained and exhibited superior enantioselective sensing performance. Notably, the amount of chiral inducer shows a positive correlation with the enantioselective sensing function, reflecting the degree of enantiomeric excess of NKU-777-xD/xL. Molecular-level mechanism studies reveal that competitive absorption governs the sensing functions of NKU-777-xD/xL, and the enantioselectivity is due to the enantioselective interactions of the hydrogen-bonded frameworks with targeting chiral molecules. This work not only provides a facile way to synthesize enantiomerically enriched chiral hydrogen-bonded frameworks from achiral modules using reusable chiral inducer but also gains insights into the inducer-controlled enantiomerically enriched chiral compounds for enantioselective applications.
Development of visible-light photocaged molecular glues (vc-MGs) for B-cell malignancies therapy with improved safety and pharmacokinetic profiles in vivo
Wei Yan, Naizhen Zhang, Xiao Liu, Qiyu He, Xucheng Lv, Jianghui Sun, Lili Zhuang, Yuexin Zou, Yajie Zhang, Yuhang Liang, Yanjie Wang, Siyuan Li, Yonghui Sun
2026, 37(5): 112064  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.112064
[摘要]  (739) [HTML全文] (739) [PDF 1192KB] (739)
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Molecular glues (MGs) represent a promising approach in protein regulation, especially for "undruggable" targets. Despite the advantages over traditional protein inhibitors and proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs), MGs show various off-target effects, inducing general toxicities in patients. Herein, we describe a structure-guided design of visible-light photocaged MGs (vc-MGs), which precisely and spatiotemporally control the G1 to S phase transition 1 (GSPT1) protein level and Burkitt's lymphoma through visible-light irradiation in vitro and in vivo. Notably, activated VL-MG-9 showed a potent antitumor effect in the RAMOS xenograft mouse model, while VL-MG-9 alone has no GSPT1 degradation activity or general toxicity in various organs even at high dose. Furthermore, proteomics assay and apoptosis analysis confirmed the selectivity and safety of VL-MG-9. Significantly, pharmacokinetic results demonstrated the enhanced permeability and bioavailability (F%) of VL-MG-9. These data clearly reveal the practicality and importance of vc-MGs as preliminary tool for the targeted therapy of malignancies with reduced systemic toxicity and improved druggability.
Photocatalytic free radical geminal carboamination of α-diazo esters toward chromone-derived α-amino acids
Jingyan Liu, Wanting Liang, Changfeng Wan, Jie-Ping Wan
2026, 37(5): 112202  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.112202
[摘要]  (768) [HTML全文] (768) [PDF 870KB] (768)
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The visible light photocatalytic gem‑carboamination reactions of α-diazo esters by using o-hydroxyaryl enaminones and amines as reaction partners have been realized, leading to the straightforward synthesis of chromone derived α-amino esters which could be easily hydrolyzed to functionalized α-amino acids. The reactions mediated by molecular iodine proceed via free radical pathway under metal-free conditions. Unlike the conventional carbene-based functionalization of diazo compounds involving nucleophilic/electrophilic or two electron neutral groups, the current protocol allows the installation of two nucleophilic functional structures to the carbon center, providing practical new tool for the synthesis of amino acids.
Construction of stabilizing solid electrolyte interphase with rapid Na+ transport kinetics via flame retardant for safe and high-performance sodium-ion batteries
Yan Meng, Yuanheng Wang, Qingjiang Liu, Xingyu Chen, Hongji Pan, Jinghao Zhao, Lin Han, Xin Li, Jia-Yan Liang
2026, 37(5): 112348  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.112348
[摘要]  (791) [HTML全文] (791) [PDF 886KB] (791)
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The unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) characterized by sluggish ion transport kinetics and consecutive side reactions poses a major challenge to the commercialization of sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). Here, ethoxy (pentafluoro) cyclotriphosphazene (PFPN) as a multifunctional electrolyte additive is reported to construct stable and highly ion-conductive SEI. PFPN decomposes preferentially to form the NaF, Na3N-rich SEI with fast Na+ migration kinetics due to its low lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy and strong adsorption on hard carbon (HC) anode. Meanwhile, the incorporation of PFPN effectively suppresses exothermic reactions at the electrode/electrolyte interface, thereby reducing the risk of thermal runaway. As expected, the HCNa cell with PFPN additive demonstrates homogeneous sodium deposition on HC anode and delivers a high reversible capacity of 248.5 mAh/g with negligible capacity decay after 1000 cycles at 0.1 A/g. The NaNi0.33Fe0.33Mn0.33O2 (NFM)HC full cell also yields enhanced cycling stability under -20 ℃. This study proposes a simple and effective SEI regulation strategy for high-performance and safe SIBs.
Synergistic homogeneous photochemical and halogen-bond catalysis toward antitumor sulfonylated fused (hetero)arenes
Jia-Sheng Wang, Lin-Heng He, Yan-Ting Liu, Yu-Ting Wu, Hai-Tao Zhu, Sheng-Hua Wang, Yu-Yu Tan, Wei-Min He, Yong-Hong Zhang
2026, 37(5): 112373  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2026.112373
[摘要]  (714) [HTML全文] (714) [PDF 880KB] (714)
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A homogeneous dual catalytic system that synergistically merges photochemical and halogen-bond catalysis has been developed for the radical sulfonylation-annulation of (hetero)arene-tethered alkynes and alkenes with RSO2Cl. This protocol efficiently constructs a variety of sulfonylated fused-(hetero)arenes with good functional group compatibility under mild and eco-friendly conditions. The process is initiated by halogen-bond activation of RSO2Cl, which facilitates subsequent photocatalyzed heterolytic S-Cl cleavage via a SET pathway to generate RSO2 radicals; an alternative EnT pathway for radical generation was also identified.
Enhanced Na+ adsorption by S-N Co-doped porous carbon from sodium gallate toward high-performance dual-carbon sodium-ion hybrid capacitors
Haoyang Peng, Rumeng Ji, Zehui Liu, Yongjie Bai, Minjie Wang, Xiaodan Huang
2026, 37(5): 112417  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2026.112417
[摘要]  (685) [HTML全文] (685) [PDF 1327KB] (685)
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Despite the enormous potential of heteroatom-doped carbon materials for sodium storage applications, direct doping strategies still face two critical unresolved challenges: Elucidating the modulation mechanism of heteroatom doping on the hybrid energy storage behavior of sodium-ion hybrid capacitors (SIHCs), and maintaining structural integrity while achieving high sulfur-nitrogen (S, N) co-doping levels. Herein, we report a facile and controllable synthetic approach for preparing highly S, N co-doped porous carbon (denoted as SNGN-1), using sodium gallate, pre-synthesized via the neutralization reaction of gallic acid with sodium hydroxide, as the precursor. The as-fabricated SNGN-1 possesses a high nitrogen content of 4.02 at% and a sulfur content of 1.31 at%, coupled with abundant structural defects, a large specific surface area, superior electronic conductivity, exceptional sodium storage capability and robust cycling stability. Computational results demonstrate that the Na+ adsorption energy (Ead) of SNGN-1 is -1.936 eV, corresponding to a substantial increase in the absolute value relative to its undoped counterpart; additionally, the incorporation of heteroatoms leads to a marked intensification of the valence and conduction band peaks near the Fermi level. When employed as the anode for sodium-ion half-cells, SNGN-1 delivers a high reversible capacity of 585 mAh/g at a current density of 0.1 A/g, and retains stable cycling performance even after 1000 cycles at 2 A/g. More impressively, the SIHC device assembled with SNGN-1 as the anode achieves remarkable energy/power density metrics, delivering a high energy density of 165.2 Wh/kg at a power density of 218.6 W/kg. These findings highlight the great potential of SNGN-1 as a high-performance anode material for advanced sodium-ion batteries and SIHCs, thereby paving the way for the development of next-generation low-cost energy storage systems.
Corrigendum to "Enhancing the stability of 68Ga-labeled RNA aptamers for pancreatic β-cell and insulinoma imaging through nucleoside modifications" [Chinese Chemical Letters 36 (2025) 110804]
Zhe Li, Haozhi Lei, Zhiqiang Ren, Cheng Wang, Qian Xia, Weihong Tan
2026, 37(5): 112514  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2026.112514
[摘要]  (670) [HTML全文] (670) [PDF 414KB] (670)
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Review
Porous carbon derived from biomass-based polymers: Innovative applications in supercapacitors
Qiqi Lv, Zhiwei Tian, Weijun Li, Gaigai Duan, Xiaoshuai Han, Chunmei Zhang, Shuijian He, Haimei Mao, Chunxin Ma, Shaohua Jiang
2026, 37(5): 110860  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.110860
[摘要]  (760) [HTML全文] (760) [PDF 4060KB] (760)
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In the context of the continuously increasing energy demand, the ongoing advancement of innovative energy storage technologies is regarded as an important strategy to alleviate the energy crisis. Among various energy storage technologies, supercapacitors (SCs) demonstrate significant potential in the future energy storage sector due to their exceptional high-power density and long cycle life. As the core component of SCs, the choice of electrode materials is crucial to their performance, with carbon materials being favored for their excellent electrical conductivity and large specific surface area. In particular, porous carbon materials derived from biomass-based polymers have become a research hotspot due to their unique advantages. Through chemical modification and high-temperature carbonization, these materials can form more stable and optimized porous structures, significantly enhancing their electrochemical performance while meeting environmental protection requirements, thereby highlighting their superiority as electrode materials. This article aims to review the sources, production, and applications of carbon materials derived from biomass-based polymers. We have deeply summarized the preparation and activation methods of carbon from different biomass-based polymer sources. In addition, a comprehensive analysis and systematic comparison of novel modification techniques, such as heteroatom doping, copolymerization, and the incorporation of nanomaterials, were performed to enhance the performance of SCs. Finally, according to the technical challenges to be solved, the goal of large-scale development of biomass-based polymer-derived porous carbon in the field of energy storage is proposed, which is crucial for coping with the global energy crisis and reducing environmental impact.
A review of multiscale characterization methods of ion transport in solid-state electrolytes
Shanyan Huang, Shijie Li, Zheng Huang, Kailun Zhang, Wei-Li Song, Shuqiang Jiao
2026, 37(5): 110973  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.110973
[摘要]  (728) [HTML全文] (728) [PDF 3132KB] (728)
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Solid-state batteries that present lower risk factors and higher energy density are promising for advanced energy storage and applications. In particular, solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) are the critical components that responsible for ionic transport between negative electrodes and positive electrodes. It is crucial to fundamentally understand the ionic transport models and behaviors in the SSEs, with purpose of enhancing ion transport rate and stability of SSEs. To rationally improve the solid-state ion transport behavior of electrolytes, this review summarizes recent progresses on the transport principles and multiscale characterization methods of ion transport in SSEs, including traditional electrochemical methods, frequency-dependent spectroscopy, two-dimensional morphological imaging and three-dimensional morphological imaging. It is emphasized that combination of multiscale and multiple methods would be a developing trend for fundamentally understanding the mechanism of ion transport in SSEs. According to comprehensive transport principle and behaviors, hierarchical fillers are designed for composite electrolytes with fast ionic transport abilities. The remaining challenges for establishing advanced multiscale characterization methods are also discussed.
Nanotechnology-based natural remedies: Advancing inflammatory bowel disease treatment through targeted drug delivery
Luqing Zhao, Dan Dou, Di Zhang, Shuqing Wang, Xihan Zhu, Ning Ding, Shengsheng Zhang, Chao Li
2026, 37(5): 111262  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111262
[摘要]  (745) [HTML全文] (745) [PDF 358KB] (745)
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Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, represents a significant health challenge due to its intricate interplay of genetic, environmental, and immunological factors. While current treatments are effective at managing symptoms, they are not without drawbacks, such as potential side effects, the financial strain on patients, and the risk of complications. Nanotechnology presents an innovative solution to these challenges, offering the potential to improve the bioavailability, stability, and precise delivery of natural compounds with potent anti-inflammatory properties. This review examines the array of nanoparticle (NP) delivery systems that are revolutionizing IBD treatment, including lipid-based NPs, polymeric NPs, metallic NPs, plant-derived exosomes, and mesoporous silica NPs. Furthermore, the review explores the various responsive mechanisms of NPs, including pH-responsive, reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive, enzyme-responsive, charge-mediated, ligand-receptor targeted, and multi-responsive systems. The therapeutic potential of nanomedicines derived from natural products is highlighted, with a focus on their roles in immunomodulation, reducing inflammation, repairing the intestinal barrier, and modulating the gut microbiota. Nanotechnology boosts IBD treatment with novel natural NPs. NPs delivery systems offer notable benefits, such as improving drug solubility, increasing the efficiency of absorption, alongside providing a controlled and sustained release of therapeutic agents directly at the inflammation site. Despite the promising capabilities of nanotechnology in IBD treatment, obstacles remain. These include the necessity for comprehensive toxicological assessments, formulating strategies to guarantee the safety and effectiveness of these innovative treatments. Therefore, this review provides a systematic analysis that provides guidance for the research and development of NPs based natural products.
Targeting the immune microenvironment: A novel strategy for treating infected bone defects with hydrogels
Peizhang Zhao, Mengmeng Li, Jingwen Wang, Jun Li, Yunfeng Lin
2026, 37(5): 111319  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111319
[摘要]  (696) [HTML全文] (696) [PDF 754KB] (696)
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Infected bone defects (IBD) are intricate and formidable conditions characterized by elevated rates of infection recurrence and delayed healing, resulting from dysregulation of the bone immune microenvironment (IME) mediated by microbes. The conventional approaches including surgical intervention and antibiotic therapy encounter challenges such as antibiotic resistance and susceptibility to postoperative infections. Considering the diverse impacts of various immune cells (ICs) and cytokines, the investigations into the IME have been conducted to offer potential strategies for treating IBD by addressing the requirements of infection eradication and bone regeneration (BREG). However, there is still a lack of review discussing the impacts of IME on IBD in light of its diverse components. Hydrogels, as promising materials in the treatment of IBD, can mimic the extracellular matrix of natural tissues, providing an optimal environment for cell growth and tissue regeneration. Recent studies have focused on investigating immune modulation through hydrogel delivery for treating IBD. This review aims to discuss the effects of different types of ICs and cytokines on the IME in IBD while summarizing current progress and strategies targeting this microenvironment using hydrogels. The insights gained from this review will aid the development of future immunomodulatory approaches for IBD treatment.
Micro-nanomaterials-engineered delivery systems for reshaping the tumor immune microenvironment in hepatocellular carcinoma
Mengmeng Miao, Yisheng Peng, Hui Liu, Hu Chen, Xu Cheng, Shangqing Chen, Kaifei Yan, Hongwei Cheng, Gang Liu
2026, 37(5): 111390  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111390
[摘要]  (729) [HTML全文] (729) [PDF 453KB] (729)
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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer and is among the leading causes of cancer-related mortality. Immunotherapy strategies targeting HCC are widely used in clinical practice. However, the pronounced immunosuppressive characteristics of the tumor microenvironment in HCC significantly hinder the efficacy of immunotherapy, often leading to suboptimal therapeutic outcomes. Innovative immunomodulatory delivery systems offer a promising path for HCC therapy by enabling precise targeting of tumor sites and significantly reducing the chances of systemic toxicity and side effects. This study describes the immune microenvironment of HCC and the mechanisms leading to immune evasion. This study then explores the issues and restrictions of current mainstream immunotherapies, highlighting the breakthroughs achieved through drug delivery systems crafted with innovative micro-nanomaterials for HCC immunotherapy. Besides, the application scenarios and challenges encountered by micro-nanomaterials in clinical translational applications were also discussed, and future development trends in this field were prospected, offering a theoretical foundation for the design of efficient HCC treatment strategies.
Nanotherapeutics for ocular posterior segment diseases therapy: Towards its advances and challenges
Mengdie Li, Shundong Cai, Hongjin Li, Yuhang Cheng, Jinfa Ye, Lang Ke, Yun Han, Min Su, Gang Liu, Chengchao Chu
2026, 37(5): 111392  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111392
[摘要]  (765) [HTML全文] (765) [PDF 2219KB] (765)
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Ocular posterior segment diseases (OPSDs), including uveitis, glaucoma, retinitis pigmentosa (RP), fundus neovascular diseases (FNDs), and age-related macular degeneration (AMD), are major causes of global blindness. The eye's biological barriers often prevent conventional drugs from reaching the posterior segment effectively, while potentially causing adverse effects. Nanocarrier-based drug delivery systems (DDS) offer promising solutions, with their small size, tunable properties, and high biocompatibility enhancing drug permeability, stability, and targeted delivery. These systems may reduce administration frequency, prolong therapeutic effects, minimize side effects, and improve patient compliance. Unlike previous reviews, this article comprehensively examines novel nanocarriers for OPSD treatment. We first analyze small molecules, their nanocarriers, and administration methods based on recent two-decade research. Next, we compare nanocarrier stability, biocompatibility, ocular penetration, drug release kinetics, and formulation ease, emphasizing recent advances in design, preparation, and functional modification. Finally, by evaluating clinical applications and challenges, we discuss translational hurdles and future prospects for OPSD nanotherapeutics. Greater research efforts are needed to realize nanocarriers' full potential in OPSD treatment.
Multi-scale delivery dynamics of tetrahedral framework nucleic acids: From organ accumulation to subcellular targeting and precision engineering strategies
Wen Chen, Hao Wang, Qiang Sun, Shaojingya Gao, Yunfeng Lin, Yun Wang, Xiaoxiao Cai
2026, 37(5): 111396  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111396
[摘要]  (895) [HTML全文] (895) [PDF 395KB] (895)
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Tetrahedral framework nucleic acids (tFNAs), a novel class of nanodelivery carriers, demonstrate significant potential due to their well-defined topological structure, programmable molecular recognition capabilities, and exceptional biocompatibility. This article systematically reviews the dynamic behavior of tFNAs across multi-scale delivery processes. At the macroscale, it elucidates the organ accumulation and metabolism of tFNAs following various routes of administration. At the microscale, it delves into the transmembrane transport mechanisms and subcellular localization characteristics of tFNAs. Furthermore, this review discusses the current research status of strategies aimed at improving the delivery efficiency of tFNAs through active targeted modifications and proposes cutting-edge approaches to developing precision delivery systems leveraging engineering modifications and intelligent response designs.
Crystal hydrogels: Strategies, properties, and applications
Qianwei Liu, Xinhong Xiong, Numan Ahmed, Peisong Tang, Jiaxi Cui
2026, 37(5): 111707  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111707
[摘要]  (784) [HTML全文] (784) [PDF 2554KB] (784)
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Hydrogels, soft materials made from polymer networks capable of absorbing water, demonstrate remarkable compatibility in diverse hybridizations. When the fillers that can undergo reversible crystallization are used for incorporation, the materials’ mechanical properties and functions would be significantly improved. Therefore, these hydrogels, named crystal hydrogels, are emerging as a class of new advanced functional materials. This review offers a comprehensive examination of these materials from five distinct angles. We first discuss their fundamental characteristics and then elaborate on the synthesis methods of crystal hydrogels, categorizing them into three types based on their crystal formation mechanisms. The third section is dedicated to describing the properties of crystal hydrogels. Furthermore, we explore the diverse and remarkable applications that have emerged with the advancement of crystal hydrogels. The review concludes by summarizing the core concepts and assessing the recent opportunities and challenges faced by crystal hydrogels.
Research progress on nanobiomedicine targeting mitochondrial homeostasis for improving myocardial ischemia
Jing Qian, Guoxing Ling, Yue Li, Yan Liu, Xiaoxuan Guan, Zuyuan Huang, Ming Gao, Cheng Luo, Baoshi Zheng
2026, 37(5): 111843  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111843
[摘要]  (750) [HTML全文] (750) [PDF 662KB] (750)
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Myocardial infarction (MI) is a disease with a very high mortality rate among cardiovascular diseases. It causes extensive damage to myocardial cells due to prolonged and repeated ischemia and hypoxia. Early coronary revascularization is the best method for treating MI. However, the reperfusion process in MI can produce reactive oxygen species, further damaging myocardial tissue, and triggering MI-reperfusion injury (MI/RI). Although various traditional treatment strategies exist, the treatment of myocardial ischemia including MI and MI/RI remain a significant challenge. Mitochondrial dysfunction plays an important role in the emergence and development of myocardial ischemia. In recent years, with the advancement of nanobiomedicine, therapeutic strategies for targeting mitochondria have gained increasing attentions in diseases' therapy. Thus, nanobiomedicine targeting mitochondria has shown great promise in the treatment of myocardial ischemia. This review first comprehensively elaborates on the mechanisms of mitochondrial homeostasis in MI and MI/RI, and then focuses on the application progress of nanomaterials targeting mitochondrial homeostasis (oxidative stress, mitophagy, mitochondrial fusion and fission, etc.) in improving myocardial ischemia. Ultimately, this article looks forward to the prospects of nanomaterials in the targeting treatment of MI and MI/RI, aiming to provide more effective and innovative ideas for clinical treatments.
Mitigating the carbonate issues in electrochemical CO2 reduction: Fundamental understanding and design strategies
Yan Qiao, Yanan Wang, Mengfan Li, Dun Li, Wenchuan Lai, Hongwen Huang
2026, 37(5): 111861  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111861
[摘要]  (816) [HTML全文] (816) [PDF 1935KB] (816)
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The electrochemical CO2 reduction (CO2R) holds the potential to manufacture carbon-based chemicals and fuels while advancing toward carbon neutrality. On the path to achieving practical CO2R, a significant challenge lies in the formation of carbonate salts due to the interplay between CO2, local alkalinity and metal cations. The carbonate issue leads to the wastage of CO2 reactant, thus resulting in low carbon utilization efficiency and high costs for carbonate regeneration. Additionally, such salt formation can threaten the operation stability of the CO2R in electrolyzers equipped with gas diffusion electrodes (GDE). These challenges motivate us to conduct the present review, aiming to provide a comprehensive understanding and propose solution strategies for the carbonate problem. We start from the mechanism insights into carbonate formation with specific analysis on the kinetics of carbonate formation, mass transfer process, and the influence of interfacial pH, followed by the exposition of advanced techniques to monitor the carbonate accumulation. Next, the design strategies to solve the carbonate problem including the optimization of electrolyte, electrode, membranes and operation conditions, are presented, with a highlight on acidic CO2 electrolysis system without introducing metal cations into electrolyte systems. We finally end up by offering future opportunities in this evolving field. These timely and inspiring perspectives can guide researchers in addressing carbonate-related issues and advance CO2R toward practical feasibility.
Recent development in fluorescent probes for monitoring organophosphorus pollutants
Kun Song, Lijia Zhang, Yunhui Meng, Jiantong Ding, Xiaobai Li, Yongpeng Liu, Hongwei Ma
2026, 37(5): 111902  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111902
[摘要]  (842) [HTML全文] (842) [PDF 2813KB] (842)
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Organophosphorus (OPs) compounds are extensively utilized in pesticides, chemical warfare agents, pharmaceuticals, and industrial applications due to their distinctive chemical properties, including biological activity, persistence, and hydrophobicity. However, their excessive use has led to significant environmental toxicity and pollution concerns, underscoring the urgent need for sustainable methods to monitor OPs pollutants. Traditional detection relies on bulky instruments, whereas organic fluorescent probes present advantages such as high selectivity, sensitivity, and portability. This review summarizes recent advancements in these probes for OPs detection, outlines characterization strategies based on underlying mechanisms, discusses challenges and future directions, and introduces OPs’ features, probe mechanisms, and design guidelines, providing theoretical insights and technical references for the development of novel organic fluorescent probes.
Bismuth-based architectures engineering for selective CO2 electroreduction to formate
Xiaoli Zhao, Lijuan Yang, Yong Hao, Yi Cheng, Fei Li, Xinghua Zhu, Ming Huang
2026, 37(5): 111904  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111904
[摘要]  (804) [HTML全文] (804) [PDF 4086KB] (804)
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Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to formate using renewable energy offers a promising route for sustainable chemical production and carbon utilization. Bismuth-based catalysts stand out for their exceptional selectivity towards formate, combining intrinsic advantages with practical viability. This review critically examines recent advances in strategically tailoring bismuth-based catalysts for selective CO2-to-formate conversion. Moving beyond conventional material classifications, we emphasize mechanistic understanding of the reaction pathways and active sites governing formate generation. Crucially, we dissect the synthesis strategies enabling precise control over catalyst properties—ranging from metallic bismuth nanostructures and single atoms to tailored compounds, heterostructures, and alloys—and link these design principles to performance optimization. In addition, we incorporate operando characterization and computational insights within catalyst-specific case studies to examine selected dynamic reaction mechanisms and key enhancement mechanisms under operational conditions. Finally, we outline forward-looking research trajectories, addressing critical challenges like achieving industrially relevant performance and stability, and proposing innovative pathways focused on advanced catalyst architectures, microenvironment engineering, and predictive frameworks for scalable implementation.
Recent advances of analytical methods for intermediates of reactive oxygen species in electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reactions
Mengyi Xi, Kaiqing Wu, Jingjing Chen, Yanfei Shen, Songqin Liu, Ran Chen, Yuanjian Zhang
2026, 37(5): 111915  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111915
[摘要]  (821) [HTML全文] (821) [PDF 1985KB] (821)
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Electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is a key sustainable energy process, but its efficiency and durability are severely affected by reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydroxyl radicals and superoxide anions. Understanding the kinetics of these transient intermediates is crucial for revealing the ORR mechanism and designing novel electrocatalysts. Many new in situ and operando characterization techniques have emerged in ROS detection. This article reviews recent progress in the detection and quantification methods for ROS during the electrocatalytic ORR, including fluorescence spectroscopy, UV–vis absorption spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic spectroscopy, scanning electrochemical microscopy, and electrochemiluminescence related technologies. The aim is to provide latest references for researchers in this field and promote further development of electrocatalytic ORR related research.
Recent advances on asymmetric reduction via dynamic kinetic resolution
Ao Zhou, Mostafa M.K. Amer, Qin Yin
2026, 37(5): 111929  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111929
[摘要]  (874) [HTML全文] (874) [PDF 11180KB] (874)
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Asymmetric reduction of unsaturated compounds via dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR) has significantly enhanced the efficiency and selectivity of synthesizing enantiomerically pure compounds from racemic substrates. This approach combines the simultaneous racemization of substrates with enantioselective reduction, enabling quantitative yields and high enantiomeric excess. In the past several years, remarkable advances in this field have been achieved, ranging from the development of innovative catalytic systems, novel synthetic strategies, expansion of substrate scope, deeper mechanistic understanding, and their applications. These advancements offer alternative and efficient methods in the asymmetric synthesis of chiral molecules bearing multiple consecutive stereogenic centers, particularly beneficial for the synthesis of natural products or chiral intermediates in pharmaceuticals and fine chemicals. In this review, we summarize the recent advances during the last several years according to the substrate types in this powerful and productive field, with an emphasis on the development of new catalytic systems and the insight into the DKR process.
Current advances in heterogeneous catalysts based on hypercrosslinked polymers for transesterification in biodiesel production: A comprehensive review
Yuheng Wen, Zeyu Wang, Jingli Li, Chengyao Xue, Haobo Wang, Xingrui Li, Hao Zhang, Yang Lu, Yu Zhang, Qing Hou, Wenliang Song
2026, 37(5): 111960  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111960
[摘要]  (692) [HTML全文] (692) [PDF 1912KB] (692)
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The growing global demand for sustainable energy makes biodiesel an important renewable alternative to alleviate the energy crisis and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop efficient, environmentally friendly and economically viable biodiesel production methods. Hypercrosslinked polymers (HCPs), as aromatic porous organic polymers, are solid frameworks that can be used as heterogeneous catalyst, and they are a promising platform for biodiesel catalytic conversion due to their low cost, highly accessible active site, tunable catalytic site types. In addition, innovative green synthesis strategies make environmentally begin production of HCPs possible. In recent years, HCPs has developed rapidly in the field of biomass catalysis. Unfortunately, to the best of our knowledge, there are no publications focusing on the green synthesis and application of HCPs-based materials for biodiesel production. This review provides an update on the synthesis and utilisation of green and efficient HCPs for catalytic biodiesel production. Initially, the green routes for HCPs synthesis are described, followed by a comprehensive summary of the various approaches to biodiesel production. The primary focus is on the utilisation of HCPs as carriers of active sites in the catalytic conversion of biodiesel, with particular emphasis on catalyst design, morphology control, and intelligent management in terms of application extension. Ultimately, thought-provoking recommendations are proposed to utilize improved green HCPs in combination with advanced production processes to achieve more efficient and sustainable development.
Understanding hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks in the separation of noble gases and lighter hydrocarbons
Brij Mohan, Rakesh Kumar Gupta, Matlab Khamiyev, Xiaoping Zhang, Ismayil M. Garazade, M. Fátima C. Guedes da Silva, Armando J.L. Pombeiro, Wei Sun
2026, 37(5): 112142  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.112142
[摘要]  (727) [HTML全文] (727) [PDF 841KB] (727)
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Hydrogen-bonded frameworks (HOFs) are attracting interest for industrial and environmental applications. This review emphasizes recent developments in HOFs, concentrating on their structural characteristics, types of hydrogen bonding, and the connections that affect their mechanical properties and environmental responsiveness. It highlights hinge-like flexibility, rigidity, and framework retention, which enhance adaptability and structural integrity while trapping gases. A proposed mechanism for the selective adsorption of noble gases and light hydrocarbons emphasizes their potential in gas storage and environmental remediation. Overall, HOFs are presented as versatile materials ready to tackle emerging industrial challenges.
Chemical strategies for the stereoselective construction of 1,2-cis-galacturonic and aminogalacturonic acid glycosides
Juntao Cai, Qian Wang, Xu Shen, Lifeng Zhu, Shiqing Jiang, Jian Yin, Chunhong Dong
2026, 37(5): 112235  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.112235
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The stereoselective synthesis of 1,2-cis-galacturonic acid and 2-amino-2-deoxy-galacturonic acid glycosides remains a critical challenge in carbohydrate chemistry owing to the electronic and steric effects imposed by the C5-carboxyl group and C2 substituents. The available synthetic strategies can be divided into two divergent pathways: the construction of the glycan backbone before introducing the carboxyl group and the use of pre-formed uronic acid donors during glycosylation. Key advances include the use of remotely participating acyl groups, conformational control via 3,6-lactone intermediates, chelation-directed anomerisation and steric shielding by bulky protecting groups such as 4,6-O-di-tert-butylsilylene and 4,6-O-benzylidene. This review comprehensively overviews the current strategies that overcome stereo-chemical challenges in the synthesis of 1,2-cis-galacturonic and aminogalacturonic acid–containing glycans. In addition, the application of these methodologies to the synthesis of biologically relevant carbohydrates is examined.
Editorial
Decoding Nipah virus polymerase: Cryo-EM reveals key targets for antiviral drug discovery
Xiaoyi Hu, Shenghua Gao, Peng Zhan
2026, 37(5): 111876  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111876
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Photoexcited Ni-catalyzed regioselective cross-coupling of aryl chlorides with multifluoroarenes
Jie Liu, Jialin Ming, Da-Gang Yu
2026, 37(5): 112260  doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.112260
[摘要]  (725) [HTML全文] (725) [PDF 484KB] (725)
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