Citation: Yang Zhonghua, Liu Lanye, Zhao Yihe, Hong Yuanlin, Ruan Hongli, Lü Chengwei. Choline Chloride as Catalyst towards the Attractive Yonemitsu Reaction of Benzaldehyde, Indole, and Malononitrile[J]. Chinese Journal of Organic Chemistry, ;2018, 38(10): 2761-2766. doi: 10.6023/cjoc201803007 shu

Choline Chloride as Catalyst towards the Attractive Yonemitsu Reaction of Benzaldehyde, Indole, and Malononitrile

College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029

Corresponding author: Lü Chengwei, chengweilv@126.com
Received Date: 5 March 2018
Revised Date: 31 May 2018
Available Online: 7 October 2018
Fund Project: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21403100), the National Students Program for Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training (No. 201710165304)the National Students Program for Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training 201710165304the National Natural Science Foundation of China 21403100

Using choline chloride as cheap and safe accelerator was efficient to promote the Yonemitsu type condensation of indole, benzaldehyde, and malononitrile. More importantly, introducing right amount of water in reaction system was crucial to get desired 3-substituted indoles in good to excellent yields. Due to the catalyst has excellent solubility in aqueous ethanol, the final concoction was easy to separate. Many desired products could be obtained after filtration and washed with cold aqueous ethanol without further purification. Catalyst could further reuse for five more reaction cycles with negligible loss in activity.
- 3-substituted indoles,
- Yonemitsu condensation,
- multicomponent reactions,
- choline chloride,
- organocatalysis,
- synthetic methods
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