Citation: Li Zhenyi, Hu Xiaoyu, Jiang Juli, Zhang Dongmei, Xiao Shoujun, Lin Chen, Wang Leyong. Recent Advances in Closed-Loop and Smart Insulin Delivery Systems[J]. Chinese Journal of Organic Chemistry, ;2018, 38(1): 29-39. doi: 10.6023/cjoc201708065 shu

Recent Advances in Closed-Loop and Smart Insulin Delivery Systems

a.
School of Chemistry and Chmeical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023
b.
State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023

Corresponding author: Lin Chen, linchen@nju.edu.cn
Received Date: 31 August 2017
Revised Date: 19 September 2017
Available Online: 26 January 2017
Fund Project: the National Natural Science Foundation of China 21572101the National Natural Science Foundation of China 21672102Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21672102, 21572101)

Figures(6)

Insulin is a commonly prescribed drug for the treatment of type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ diabetes. As for the efficiency in controlling blood glucose level, insulin therapy is one of the most effective treatments for diabetes. The current administration route of insulin is mainly through subcutaneous injection, which leads to many undesirable side effects such as pain, local tissue necrosis or infection, and nerve damage. Recently, various closed-loop and smart insulin delivery systems have been developed based on the emerging nanotechnologies. Recent progress in the construction of closed-loop and smart insulin delivery system, which mainly focuses on the response mechanism, different strategies for fabricating the carrier matrix, and the regulation principle of the smart insulin release is described. Advantages and drawbacks of the current insulin delivery systems are also discussed, along with the opportunities and challenges in future.
- diabetes,
- insulin,
- glucose-response,
- closed-loop delivery system,
- smart drug release
1. [1]
  (a) Stumvoll, M.; Goldstein, B. J.; van Haeften, T. W. Lancet 2005, 365, 1333.
  (b) Atkinson, M. A.; Eisenbarth, G. S. Lancet 2001, 358, 221.
2. [2]
  (a) Bach, J. F. Endocr. Rev. 1994, 15, 516.
  (b) Eisenbarth, G. S.; Flier, J. S.; Cahill, G. N. Engl. J. Med. 1986, 314, 1360.
  (c) Tisch, R.; McDevitt, H. Cell 1996, 85, 291.
3. [3]
  (a) Concannon, P.; Rich, S. S.; Nepom, G. T. N. Engl. J. Med. 2009, 360, 1646.
  (b) Daneman, D. Lancet 2006, 367, 847.
  (c) Davies, J. L.; Kawaguchi, Y.; Bennett, S. T.; Copeman, J. B.; Cordell, H. J.; Pritchard, L. E.; Reed, P. W.; Gough, S. C. L.; Jenkins, S. C.; Palmer, S. M.; Balfour, K. M.; Rowe, B. R.; Farrall, M.; Barnett, A. H.; Bain, S. C.; Todd, J. A. Nature 1994, 371, 130.
4. [4]
  (a) Boden, G.; Shulman, G. I. Eur. J. Clin. Invest. 2002, 32, 14.
  (b) Sturnvoll, M.; Goldstein, B. J.; van Haeften, T. W. Endocr. Res. 2007, 32, 19.
5. [5]
  (a) Hamaty, M. Cleve. Clin. J. Med. 2011, 78, 332.
  (b) Hayward, R. A.; Manning, W. G.; Kaplan, S. H.; Wagner, E. H.; Greenfield, S. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 1997, 278, 1663.
6. [6]
  (a) Owens, D. R.; Zinman, B.; Bolli, G. B. Lancet 2001, 358, 739.
  (b) Gualandi-Signorini, A. M.; Giorgi, G. Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci. 2001, 5, 73.
7. [7]
  Langguth, P.; Bohner, V.; Heizmann, J.; Merkle, H. P.; Wolffram, S.; Amidon, G. L.; Yamashita, S. J. Controlled Release 1997, 46, 39. doi: 10.1016/S0168-3659(96)01586-6
8. [8]
  (a) Heinemann, L.; Pfutzner, A.; Heise, T. Curr. Pharm. Des. 2001, 7, 1327.
  (b) Owens, D. R. Nat. Rev. Drug Discovery 2002, 1, 529.
9. [9]
  (a) Buzasi, K.; Sapi, Z.; Jermendy, G. Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract. 2011, 94, E34.
  (b) Chantelau, E.; Spraul, M.; Muhlhauser, I.; Gause, R.; Berger, M. Diabetologia 1989, 32, 421.
  (c) Richardson, T.; Kerr, D. Am. J. Clin. Dermatol. 2003, 4, 661.
10. [10]
  (a) Jeandidier, N.; Boivin, S. Adv. Drug Delivery Rev. 1999, 35, 179.
  (b) Wu, W.; Zhou, S. Macromol. Biosci. 2013, 13, 1464.
  (c) Bratlie, K. M.; York, R. L.; Invernale, M. A.; Langer, R.; Anderson, D. G. Adv. Healthcare Mater. 2012, 1, 267.
  (d) Ravaine, V.; Ancla, C.; Catargi, B. J. Controlled Release 2008, 132, 2.
11. [11]
12. [12]
  Gao, L.; Wang, T.; Jia, K.; Wu, X.; Yao, C.; Shao, W.; Zhang, D.; Hu, X.-Y.; Wang, L. Chem.-Eur. J. 2017, 23, 6605. doi: 10.1002/chem.v23.27
13. [13]
  Mo, R.; Jiang, T.; Di, J.; Tai, W.; Gu, Z. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2014, 43, 3595. doi: 10.1039/c3cs60436e
14. [14]
  Bankar, S. B.; Bule, M. V.; Singhal, R. S.; Ananthanarayan, L. Biotechnol. Adv. 2009, 27, 489. doi: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2009.04.003
15. [15]
  (a) Steiner, M.-S.; Duerkop, A.; Wolfbeis, O. S. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2011, 40, 4805.
  (b) Wu, Q.; Wang, L.; Yu, H.; Wang, J.; Chen, Z. Chem. Rev. 2011, 111, 7855.
16. [16]
  (a) Gordijo, C. R.; Koulajian, K.; Shuhendler, A. J.; Bonifacio, L. D.; Huang, H. Y.; Chiang, S.; Ozin, G. A.; Giacca, A.; Wu, X. Y. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2011, 21, 73.
  (b) Zhao, W.; Zhang, H.; He, Q.; Li, Y.; Gu, J.; Li, L.; Li, H.; Shi, J. Chem. Commun. 2011, 47, 9459.
17. [17]
  Gordijo, C. R.; Shuhendler, A. J.; Wu, X. Y. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2010, 20, 1404. doi: 10.1002/adfm.200901581
18. [18]
  Kim, M. Y.; Kim, J. ACS Biomater. Sci Eng. 2017, 3, 572. doi: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00716
19. [19]
  Gu, Z.; Dang, T. T.; Ma, M.; Tang, B. C.; Cheng, H.; Jiang, S.; Dong, Y.; Zhang, Y.; Anderson, D. G. ACS Nano 2013, 7, 6758. doi: 10.1021/nn401617u
20. [20]
  Tai, W.; Mo, R.; Di, J.; Subramanian, V.; Gu, X.; Buse, J. B.; Gu, Z. Biomacromolecules 2014, 15, 3495. doi: 10.1021/bm500364a
21. [21]
  Discher, D. E.; Ahmed, F. Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. 2006, 8, 323. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bioeng.8.061505.095838
22. [22]
  Napoli, A.; Boerakker, M. J.; Tirelli, N.; Nolte, R. J. M.; Sommerdijk, N.; Hubbell, J. A. Langmuir 2004, 20, 3487. doi: 10.1021/la0357054
23. [23]
  (a) Kohen, R. Biomed. Pharmacother. 1999, 53, 181.
  (b) Liu, Y.; Du, J.; Yan, M.; Lau, M. Y.; Hu, J.; Han, H.; Yang, O. O.; Liang, S.; Wei, W.; Wang, H.; Li, J.; Zhu, X.; Shi, L.; Chen, W.; Ji, C.; Lu, Y. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2013, 8, 187.
24. [24]
  Hu, X.; Yu, J.; Qian, C.; Lu, Y.; Kahkoska, A. R.; Xie, Z.; Jing, X.; Buse, J. B.; Gu, Z. ACS Nano 2017, 11, 613. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.6b06892
25. [25]
  Veiseh, O.; Tang, B. C.; Whitehead, K. A.; Anderson, D. G.; Langer, R. Nat. Rev. Drug Discovery 2015, 14, 45.
26. [26]
  (a) Donnelly, R. F.; Singh, T. R. R.; Woolfson, A. D. Drug Delivery 2010, 17, 187.
  (b) Yang, S.; Wu, F.; Liu, J.; Fan, G.; Welsh, W.; Zhu, H.; Jin, T. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2015, 25, 4633.
27. [27]
  (a) Harvey, A. J.; Kaestner, S. A.; Sutter, D. E.; Harvey, N. G.; Mikszta, J. A.; Pettis, R. J. Pharm. Res. 2011, 28, 107.
  (b) Heo, Y. J.; Shibata, H.; Okitsu, T.; Kawanishi, T.; Takeuchi, S. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2011, 108, 13399.
28. [28]
  (a) Krohn, K. A.; Link, J. M.; Mason, R. P. J. Nucl. Med. 2008, 49, 129S.
  (b) Nunn, A.; Linder, K.; Strauss, H. W. Eur. J. Nucl. Med. 1995, 22, 265.
29. [29]
  (a) Edwards, D. I. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 1993, 31, 9.
  (b) Takasawa, M.; Moustafa, R. R.; Baron, J.-C. Stroke 2008, 39, 1629.
30. [30]
  Yu, J.; Zhang, Y.; Ye, Y.; DiSanto, R.; Sun, W.; Ranson, D.; Ligler, F. S.; Buse, J. B.; Gu, Z. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2015, 112, 8260. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1505405112
31. [31]
  Yu, J.; Qian, C.; Zhang, Y.; Cui, Z.; Zhu, Y.; Shen, Q.; Ligler, F. S.; Buse, J. B.; Gu, Z. Nano Lett. 2017, 17, 733. doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b03848
32. [32]
  Ye, T.; Bai, X.; Jiang, X.; Wu, Q.; Chen, S.; Qu, A.; Huang, J.; Shen, J.; Wu, W. Polym. Chem. 2016, 7, 2847. doi: 10.1039/C6PY00179C
33. [33]
  Lorand, J. P.; Edwards, J. O. J. Org. Chem. 1959, 24, 769. doi: 10.1021/jo01088a011
34. [34]
  Preinerstorfer, B.; Laemmerhofer, M.; Lindner, W. J. Sep. Sci. 2009, 32, 1673. doi: 10.1002/jssc.v32:10
35. [35]
  (a) Miyake, K.; Tanaka, T.; McNeil, P. L. PLoS One 2007, 2.
  (b) Vaz, A. F. M.; Souza, M. P.; Vieira, L. D.; Aguiar, J. S.; Silva, T. G.; Medeiros, P. L.; Melo, A. M. M. A.; Silva-Lucca, R. A.; Santana, L. A.; Oliva, M. L. V.; Perez, K. R.; Cuccovia, I. M.; Coelho, L. C. B. B.; Correia, M. T. S. Radiat. Phys. Chem. 2013, 85, 218.
36. [36]
  Huang, Y.-J.; Ouyang, W.-J.; Wu, X.; Li, Z.; Fossey, J. S.; James, T. D.; Jiang, Y.-B. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135, 1700. doi: 10.1021/ja311442x
37. [37]
  (a) Van den Berghe, G.; Wilmer, A.; Hermans, G.; Meersseman, W.; Wouters, P. J.; Milants, I.; Van Wijngaerden, E.; Bobbaers, H.; Bouillon, R. N. Engl. J. Med. 2006, 354, 449.
  (b) Van den Berghe, G.; Wouters, P.; Weekers, F.; Verwaest, C.; Bruyninckx, F.; Schetz, M.; Vlasselaers, D.; Ferdinande, P.; Lauwers, P.; Bouillon, R. N. Engl. J. Med. 2001, 345, 1359.
38. [38]
  Wu, W.; Mitra, N.; Yan, E. C. Y.; Zhou, S. ACS Nano 2010, 4, 4831. doi: 10.1021/nn1008319
39. [39]
  (a) Alexeev, V. L.; Sharma, A. C.; Goponenko, A. V.; Das, S.; Lednev, I. K.; Wilcox, C. S.; Finegold, D. N.; Asher, S. A. Anal. Chem. 2003, 75, 2316.
  (b) Zhang, C.; Losego, M. D.; Braun, P. V. Chem. Mater. 2013, 25, 3239.
40. [40]
  Shiino, D.; Murata, Y.; Kataoka, K.; Koyama, Y.; Yokoyama, M.; Okano, T.; Sakurai, Y. Biomaterials 1994, 15, 121. doi: 10.1016/0142-9612(94)90261-5
41. [41]
  Zhang, C.; Cano, G. G.; Braun, P. V. Adv. Mater. 2014, 26, 5678. doi: 10.1002/adma.201401710
42. [42]
  Holtz, J. H.; Asher, S. A. Nature 1997, 389, 829. doi: 10.1038/39834
43. [43]
  Goponenko, A. V.; Asher, S. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 10753. doi: 10.1021/ja051456p
44. [44]
  Wang, B.; Ma, R.; Liu, G.; Liu, X.; Gao, Y.; Shen, J.; An, Y.; Shi, L. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 2010, 31, 1628. doi: 10.1002/marc.201000164
45. [45]
  Ma, R.; Yang, H.; Li, Z.; Liu, G.; Sun, X.; Liu, X.; An, Y.; Shi, L. Biomacromolecules 2012, 13, 3409. doi: 10.1021/bm3012715
46. [46]
  Yang, H.; Sun, X.; Liu, G.; Ma, R.; Li, Z.; An, Y.; Shi, L. Soft Matter 2013, 9, 8589. doi: 10.1039/c3sm51538a
47. [47]
  Yao, Y.; Zhao, L.; Yang, J.; Yang, J. Biomacromolecules 2012, 13, 1837. doi: 10.1021/bm3003286
48. [48]
  (a) Cao, Y.; Zou, X.; Xiong, S.; Li, Y.; Shen, Y.; Hu, X.; Wang, L. Chin. J. Chem. 2015, 33, 329.
  (b) Hu, X.-Y.; Jia, K.; Cao, Y.; Li, Y.; Qin, S.; Zhou, F.; Lin, C.; Zhang, D.; Wang, L. Chem.-Eur. J. 2015, 21, 1208.
  (c) Jie, K.; Zhou, Y.; Yao, Y.; Huang, F. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2015, 44, 3568.
49. [49]
  (a) Chi, X.; Yu, G.; Ji, X.; Li, Y.; Tang, G.; Huang, F. ACS Macro Lett. 2015, 4, 996.
  (b) Li, B.; Meng, Z.; Li, Q.; Huang, X.; Kang, Z.; Dong, H.; Chen, J.; Sun, J.; Dong, Y.; Li, J.; Jia, X.; Sessler, J. L.; Meng, Q.; Li, C. Chem. Sci. 2017, 8, 4458.
50. [50]
  (a) Li, C.; Shu, X.; Li, J.; Chen, S.; Han, K.; Xu, M.; Hu, B.; Yu, Y.; Jia, X. J. Org. Chem. 2011, 76, 8458.
  (b) Li, C.; Xu, Q.; Li, J.; Yao, F.; Jia, X. Org. Biomol. Chem. 2010, 8, 1568.
51. [51]
  (a) Cheng, C.; Zhang, X.; Xiang, J.; Wang, Y.; Zheng, C.; Lu, Z.; Li, C. Soft Matter 2012, 8, 765.
  (b) Wang, Y.; Zhang, X.; Han, Y.; Cheng, C.; Li, C. Carbohydr. Polym. 2012, 89, 124.
52. [52]
  Guo, Q.; Wu, Z.; Zhang, X.; Sun, L.; Li, C. Soft Matter 2014, 10, 911. doi: 10.1039/c3sm52485j
53. [53]
  Chang, Y.-J.; Liu, X.-Z.; Zhao, Q.; Yang, X.-H.; Wang, K.-M.; Wang, Q.; Lin, M.; Yang, M. Chin. Chem. Lett. 2015, 26, 1203. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2015.08.005
54. [54]
  (a) Lee, C.-H.; Cheng, S.-H.; Wang, Y.; Chen, Y.-C.; Chen, N.-T.; Souris, J.; Chen, C.-T.; Mou, C.-Y.; Yang, C.-S.; Lo, L.-W. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2009, 19, 215.
  (b) Slowing, I. I.; Wu, C.-W.; Vivero-Escoto, J. L.; Lin, V. S. Y. Small 2009, 5, 57.
  (c) Taylor, K. M. L.; Kim, J. S.; Rieter, W. J.; An, H.; Lin, W.; Lin, W. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 2154.
55. [55]
  (a) Charles, M. A.; Fanska, R.; Schmid, F. G.; Forsham, P. H.; Grodsky, G. M. Science 1973, 179, 569.
  (b) Dyachok, O.; Idevall-Hagren, O.; Sagetorp, J.; Tian, G.; Wuttke, A.; Arrieumerlou, C.; Akusjarvi, G.; Gylfe, E.; Tengholm, A. Cell Metabolism 2008, 8, 26.
56. [56]
  Tengholm, A. Upsala J. Med. Sci. 2012, 117, 355. doi: 10.3109/03009734.2012.724732
57. [57]
  Zhao, Y.; Trewyn, B. G.; Slowing, I. I.; Lin, V. S. Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 8398. doi: 10.1021/ja901831u
58. [58]
  Geijtenbeek, T. B. H.; Gringhuis, S. I. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 2009, 9, 465. doi: 10.1038/nri2569
59. [59]
  Sharon, N.; Lis, H. Science 1972, 177, 949. doi: 10.1126/science.177.4053.949
60. [60]
  (a) Brownlee, M.; Cerami, A. Science 1979, 206, 1190.
  (b) Seminoff, L. A.; Gleeson, J. M.; Zheng, J.; Olsen, G. B.; Holmberg, D.; Mohammad, S. F.; Wilson, D.; Kim, S. W. Int. J. Pharm. 1989, 54, 251.
61. [61]
  Yin, R.; Tong, Z.; Yang, D.; Nie, J. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2011, 49, 1137. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2011.09.014
62. [62]
  Wu, S.; Huang, X.; Du, X. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2013, 52, 5580. doi: 10.1002/anie.201300958
63. [63]
  (a) Brogden, R. N.; Heel, R. C. Drugs 1987, 34, 350.
  (b) Reichard, P.; Nilsson, B. Y.; Rosenqvist, U. N. Engl. J. Med. 1993, 329, 304.
64. [64]
  Jain, S.; Hreczuk-Hirst, D. H.; McCormack, B.; Mital, M.; Epenetos, A.; Laing, P.; Gregoriadis, G. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, Gen. Subj. 2003, 1622, 42. doi: 10.1016/S0304-4165(03)00116-8
65. [65]
  Bergenstal, R. M.; Rosenstock, J.; Arakaki, R. F.; Prince, M. J.; Qu, Y.; Sinha, V. P.; Howey, D. C.; Jacober, S. J. Diabetes Care 2012, 35, 2140. doi: 10.2337/dc12-0060
1. [1]
  Sirui Xin , Jiayin Zhou , Kin Shing Chan . Smelling Disease: E-nose. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(9): 141-145. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202309051
2. [2]
  Hongling Liu , Yue Xia , Guang Xu , Yafei Yang , Chunhua Qu . Bitter Cold Medicine, Good for Healing. University Chemistry, 2025, 40(3): 328-332. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202405039
3. [3]
  Xiyuan Su , Zhenlin Hu , Ye Fan , Xianyuan Liu , Xianyong Lu . Change as You Want: Multi-Responsive Superhydrophobic Intelligent Actuation Material. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(5): 228-237. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202311059
4. [4]
  Wenjun Yang , Qiaoling Tan , Wenjiao Xie , Xiaoyu Pan , Youyong Yuan . Construction and Characterization of Calcium Alginate Microparticle Drug Delivery System: A Novel Design and Teaching Practice in Polymer Experiments. University Chemistry, 2025, 40(3): 371-380. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202405150
5. [5]
  Liwei Wang , Guangran Ma , Li Wang , Fugang Xu . A Comprehensive Analytical Chemistry Experiment: Colorimetric Detection of Vitamin C Using Nanozyme and Smartphone. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(8): 255-262. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202312094
6. [6]
  Yuena Yang , Xufang Hu , Yushan Liu , Yaya Kuang , Jian Ling , Qiue Cao , Chuanhua Zhou . The Realm of Smart Hydrogels. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(5): 172-183. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202310125
7. [7]
  Jing Du , Xi Yu , Xiaofei Ma , Wentao Zhao . Artificial Intelligence & Chemistry Course Construction. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(11): 65-71. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202403072
8. [8]
  Tongqi Ye , Qi Wang , Yuewen Ye , Yanqing Wang , Hongyang Zhou , Xianghua Kong . Reflection on the Reform of Physical Chemistry Teaching under the Background of “Intelligent Chemical Engineering”. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(3): 167-173. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202308116
9. [9]
  Tianlong Zhang , Rongling Zhang , Hongsheng Tang , Yan Li , Hua Li . Exploration on the Integration Mode of Instrumental Analysis with Science and Education under the Background of Artificial Intelligence Era. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(8): 365-374. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202403014
10. [10]
  Meirong Cui , Mo Xie , Jie Chao . Design and Reflections on the Integration of Artificial Intelligence in Physical Chemistry Laboratory Courses. University Chemistry, 2025, 40(5): 291-300. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202412015
11. [11]
  Hongmei Chai , Yixia Ren , Xiangyang Hou , Long Tang , Jiawei Xie . 智能手机光传感的“丙酮碘化反应”实验改进. University Chemistry, 2025, 40(6): 193-200. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202407086
12. [12]
  Yixuan Zhu , Qingtong Wang , Jin Li , Lin Chen , Junlong Zhao . Blog of Oxytocin. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(9): 134-140. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202310090
13. [13]
  Yiling Wu , Peiyao Jin , Shenyue Tian , Ji Zhang . The Star of Sugar Substitutes: An Interview of Erythritol. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(9): 22-27. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202404034
14. [14]
  Yuhao SUN , Qingzhe DONG , Lei ZHAO , Xiaodan JIANG , Hailing GUO , Xianglong MENG , Yongmei GUO . Synthesis and antibacterial properties of silver-loaded sod-based zeolite. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(4): 761-770. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20230169
15. [15]
  Ping Li , Chao Yin . Teaching Exploration and Practical Innovation of General Education Courses in the Context of Artificial Intelligence. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(10): 402-407. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202403075
16. [16]
  Yifan Liu , Haonan Peng . AI-Assisted New Era in Chemistry: A Review of the Application and Development of Artificial Intelligence in Chemistry. University Chemistry, 2025, 40(7): 189-199. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202405182
17. [17]
  Jiangjuan Shao , Xuan Li , Jingdan Weng , Xiaolei Chen , Fei Xu , Yulu Ma , Nianguang Li , Shizhong Zheng . Improvement in the Experimental Teaching Design of Physical and Chemical Identification and Quantification of Mineral Drugs. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(10): 137-142. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202312079
18. [18]
  Fa Wang , Yu Chen , Hui Chao . Ruthenium(II) Complexes as Photoactivated Chemo-Prodrugs for Hypoxic Tumor Therapy. University Chemistry, 2025, 40(7): 200-212. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202410024
19. [19]
  Hongyun Liu , Jiarun Li , Xinyi Li , Zhe Liu , Jiaxuan Li , Cong Xiao . Course Ideological and Political Design of a Comprehensive Chemistry Experiment: Constructing a Visual Molecular Logic System Based on Intelligent Hydrogel Film Electrodes. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(2): 227-233. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202309070
20. [20]
  Yuhang Jiang , Weijie Liu , Jiaqi Cai , Jiayue Chen , Yanping Ren , Pingping Wu , Liulin Yang . A Journey into the Science and Art of Sugar: “Dispersion of Light and Optical Rotation of Matter” Science Popularization Experiment. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(9): 288-294. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202401054

Get Citation

PDF

XML

Metrics

PDF Downloads(13)
Abstract views(5096)
HTML views(254)

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142