Citation: Wang Wenxuan, Wang Jianqiu, Zheng Zhong, Hou Jianhui. Research Progress of Tandem Organic Solar Cells[J]. Acta Chimica Sinica, ;2020, 78(5): 382-396. doi: 10.6023/A20020032 shu

Research Progress of Tandem Organic Solar Cells

Wang Wenxuan ^a,b ,
Wang Jianqiu ^a ,
Zheng Zhong ^a,, ,
Hou Jianhui ^a,b,,

a.
Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
b.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Corresponding author: Zheng Zhong, zhengz@iccas.ac.cn Hou Jianhui, hjhzlz@iccas.ac.cn
Received Date: 13 February 2020
Available Online: 26 April 2020
Fund Project: the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) 51703041the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) 91633301the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) 51673201Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (Nos. 51703041, 91333204, 91633301, 51673201)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) 91333204

Figures(5)

Organic solar cells have been developing quite rapidly in the past two decades. Tang fabricated the first organic solar cell with planar heterojunction in 1986, while the power conversion efficiency (PCE) was only 1%. The PCE of single-junction organic solar cell has increased to over 17% in 2019. However, the single-junction solar cells are limited in performance by the severe energy loss. Tandem organic solar cells that use an interconnecting layer connecting two sub-cells provide the possibility of optimizing the devices performance. The two different active layers of sub-cells have non-overlapping light absorption scales, which make the light utilized more adequately. Therefore, the tandem architecture of devices can extend the light absorption within the solar spectrum and effectively reduce energy loss resulting from thermalization loss and transmission loss. According to Shockley and Queisser's calculation, the limitation of the PCE of a tandem solar cell is 42%, which is higher than 33.8% of a single-junction solar cell. In organic photovoltaics field, the developments of the tandem solar cells benefit from the optimization of active layers, interconnecting layers and construction methods. These achievements have resulted in higher PCEs and the devices approaching practical application. At present, the highest PCE of tandem organic solar cell is 17.3% obtained by Chen's group in 2018, but it is still far from the PCE limitation. According to Kirchhoff's law, the open-circuit voltage (V_OC) in series tandem cells is theoretically equal to the sum of the V_OCs of sub-cells, and the short-circuit current (J_SC) in parallel cells is equal to the sum of the J_SCs of sub-cells. Hence, the series tandem solar cells still face with the challenge of the unmatched J_SCs and the complexed processing methods. Here, this review mainly focuses on the materials used in tandem solar cells, the structure of the interconnecting layers, the processing methods, the measurement methods and the applications. The critical achievements on tandem organic solar cells in recent years and the progress of larger scale, flexible tandem devices are summarized in this review. It also presents the outlooks of the high performance tandem solar cells based on the material and structure requirements.
- tandem organic solar cell,
- interconnecting layer,
- active layer,
- processing method,
- measurement method
1. [1]
  Upama, M. B.; Mahmud, M. A.; Conibeer, G.; Uddin, A. Solar RRL 2020, 4, 1900342. doi: 10.1002/solr.201900342
2. [2]
  Inganäs, O. Adv. Mater. 2018, 30, 1800388. doi: 10.1002/adma.201800388
3. [3]
  Zhang, X.; Tang, Y.; Yang, K.; Chen, P.; Guo, X. ChemElectroChem 2019, 6, 5547. doi: 10.1002/celc.201901422
4. [4]
  Tang, C. W. Appl. Phys. Lett. 1986, 48, 183. doi: 10.1063/1.96937
5. [5]
  Di Carlo Rasi, D.; Janssen, R. A. J. Adv. Mater. 2019, 31, e1806499. doi: 10.1002/adma.201806499
6. [6]
  Ameri, T.; Dennler, G.; Lungenschmied, C.; Brabec, C. J. Energy Environ. Sci. 2009, 2, 347. doi: 10.1039/b817952b
7. [7]
  Vos, A. D. J. Phys. D:Appl. Phys. 1980, 13, 839. doi: 10.1088/0022-3727/13/5/018
8. [8]
  Shockley, W.; Queisser, H. J. J. Appl. Phys. 1961, 32, 510. doi: 10.1063/1.1736034
9. [9]
  Sista, S.; Hong, Z.; Chen, L.-M.; Yang, Y. Energy Environ. Sci. 2011, 4, 1606. doi: 10.1039/c0ee00754d
10. [10]
  Yip, H.-L.; Jen, A. K. Y. Energy Environ. Sci. 2012, 5, 5994. doi: 10.1039/c2ee02806a
11. [11]
  Yuan, Y.; Huang, J.; Li, G. Green 2011, 1, 65.
12. [12]
  Hadipour, A.; Boer, B. d.; Wildeman, J.; Kooistra, F. B.; Hummelen, J. C.; Turbiez, M. G. R.; Wienk, M. M.; Janssen, R. A. J.; Blom, P. W. M. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2006, 16, 1897. doi: 10.1002/adfm.200600138
13. [13]
  Kim, J. Y.; Lee, K.; Coates, N. E.; Moses, D.; Nguyen, T. Q.; Dante, M.; Heeger, A. J. Science 2007, 317, 222. doi: 10.1126/science.1141711
14. [14]
  Meng, L.; Ding, L.; Xia, R.; Cao, Y.; Chen, Y.; Zhang, Y.; Wan, X.; Li, C.; Zhang, X.; Wang, Y.; Ke, X.; Xiao, Z.; Yip, H.-L. Science 2018, 361, 1094. doi: 10.1126/science.aat2612
15. [15]
  Lu, S.; Lin, H.; Zhang, S.; Hou, J.; Choy, W. C. H. Adv. Energy Mater. 2017, 7, 1701164. doi: 10.1002/aenm.201701164
16. [16]
  Huang, F.; Wu, H.; Wang, D.; Yang, W.; Cao, Y. Chem. Mater. 2004, 16, 708. doi: 10.1021/cm034650o
17. [17]
  Chen, F. X.; Xu, J. Q.; Liu, Z. X.; Chen, M.; Xia, R.; Yang, Y.; Lau, T. K.; Zhang, Y.; Lu, X.; Yip, H. L.; Jen, A. K.; Chen, H.; Li, C. Z. Adv. Mater. 2018, 30, e1803769. doi: 10.1002/adma.201803769
18. [18]
  Mai, C. K.; Zhou, H.; Zhang, Y.; Henson, Z. B.; Nguyen, T. Q.; Heeger, A. J.; Bazan, G. C. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2013, 52, 12874. doi: 10.1002/anie.201307667
19. [19]
  Zhou, H.; Zhang, Y.; Mai, C. K.; Collins, S. D.; Bazan, G. C.; Nguyen, T. Q.; Heeger, A. J. Adv. Mater. 2015, 27, 1767. doi: 10.1002/adma.201404220
20. [20]
  Cui, Y.; Yao, H.; Gao, B.; Qin, Y.; Zhang, S.; Yang, B.; He, C.; Xu, B.; Hou, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2017, 139, 7302. doi: 10.1021/jacs.7b01493
21. [21]
  Mohd Yusoff, A. R. b.; Lee, S. J.; Kim, H. P.; Shneider, F. K.; da Silva, W. J.; Jang, J. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2014, 24, 2240. doi: 10.1002/adfm.201303471
22. [22]
  Kim, J.-H.; Shin, S. A.; Park, J. B.; Song, C. E.; Shin, W. S.; Yang, H.; Li, Y.; Hwang, D.-H. Macromolecules 2014, 47, 1613. doi: 10.1021/ma4026493
23. [23]
  Qin, Y.; Chen, Y.; Cui, Y.; Zhang, S.; Yao, H.; Huang, J.; Li, W.; Zheng, Z.; Hou, J. Adv. Mater. 2017, 29, 1606340. doi: 10.1002/adma.201606340
24. [24]
  Siddiki, M. K.; Li, J.; Galipeau, D.; Qiao, Q. Energy Environ. Sci. 2010, 3, 867. doi: 10.1039/b926255p
25. [25]
  Song, S.; Kranthiraja, K.; Heo, J.; Kim, T.; Walker, B.; Jin, S.-H.; Kim, J. Y. Adv. Energy Mater. 2017, 7, 1700782. doi: 10.1002/aenm.201700782
26. [26]
  Zhang, Y.; Kan, B.; Sun, Y.; Wang, Y.; Xia, R.; Ke, X.; Yi, Y. Q.; Li, C.; Yip, H. L.; Wan, X.; Cao, Y.; Chen, Y. Adv. Mater. 2018, 30, e1707508. doi: 10.1002/adma.201707508
27. [27]
  Mohd Yusoff, A. R. b.; Kim, D.; Schneider, F. K.; da Silva, W. J.; Jang, J. Energy Environ. Sci. 2015, 8, 1523. doi: 10.1039/C5EE00749F
28. [28]
  You, J.; Dou, L.; Yoshimura, K.; Kato, T.; Ohya, K.; Moriarty, T.; Emery, K.; Chen, C. C.; Gao, J.; Li, G.; Yang, Y. Nat. Commun. 2013, 4, 1446. doi: 10.1038/ncomms2411
29. [29]
  Hofle, S.; Schienle, A.; Bernhard, C.; Bruns, M.; Lemmer, U.; Colsmann, A. Adv. Mater. 2014, 26, 5155. doi: 10.1002/adma.201400332
30. [30]
  Qiu, M.; Zhu, D.; Bao, X.; Wang, J.; Wang, X.; Yang, R. J. Mater. Chem. A 2016, 4, 894. doi: 10.1039/C5TA08898D
31. [31]
  Li, X.; Zhang, W.; Wu, Y.; Min, C.; Fang, J. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2013, 5, 8823. doi: 10.1021/am402105d
32. [32]
  Guo, X.; Xie, H. J.; Zheng, J. W.; Xu, H.; Wang, Q. K.; Li, Y. Q.; Lee, S. T.; Tang, J. X. Nanoscale 2015, 7, 867. doi: 10.1039/C4NR04933K
33. [33]
  Tan, Z. a.; Li, L.; Wang, F.; Xu, Q.; Li, S.; Sun, G.; Tu, X.; Hou, X.; Hou, J.; Li, Y. Adv. Energy Mater. 2014, 4, 1300884. doi: 10.1002/aenm.201300884
34. [34]
  Park, S. H.; Shin, I.; Kim, K. H.; Street, R.; Roy, A.; Heeger, A. J. Adv. Mater. 2015, 27, 298. doi: 10.1002/adma.201403849
35. [35]
  Zhao, W.; Ye, L.; Zhang, S.; Fan, B.; Sun, M.; Hou, J. Sci. Rep. 2014, 4, 6570.
36. [36]
  da Silva, W. J.; Schneider, F. K.; Yusoff, A. R.; Jang, J. Sci. Rep. 2015, 5, 18090. doi: 10.1038/srep18090
37. [37]
  Liu, J.; Xue, Y.; Gao, Y.; Yu, D.; Durstock, M.; Dai, L. Adv. Mater. 2012, 24, 2228. doi: 10.1002/adma.201104945
38. [38]
  Chen, Y.; Lin, W. C.; Liu, J.; Dai, L. Nano Lett. 2014, 14, 1467. doi: 10.1021/nl4046284
39. [39]
  Liu, J.; Kim, G. H.; Xue, Y.; Kim, J. Y.; Baek, J. B.; Durstock, M.; Dai, L. Adv. Mater. 2014, 26, 786. doi: 10.1002/adma.201302987
40. [40]
  Vasilopoulou, M.; Polydorou, E.; Douvas, A. M.; Palilis, L. C.; Kennou, S.; Argitis, P. Energy Environ. Sci. 2015, 8, 2448. doi: 10.1039/C5EE01116G
41. [41]
  Li, M.; Gao, K.; Wan, X.; Zhang, Q.; Kan, B.; Xia, R.; Liu, F.; Yang, X.; Feng, H.; Ni, W.; Wang, Y.; Peng, J.; Zhang, H.; Liang, Z.; Yip, H.-L.; Peng, X.; Cao, Y.; Chen, Y. Nature Photonics 2016, 11, 85.
42. [42]
  Xu, B.; Zheng, Z.; Zhao, K.; Hou, J. Adv. Mater. 2016, 28, 434. doi: 10.1002/adma.201502989
43. [43]
  Cui, Y.; Xu, B.; Yang, B.; Yao, H.; Li, S.; Hou, J. Macromolecules 2016, 49, 8126. doi: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01595
44. [44]
  Lu, S.; Guan, X.; Li, X.; Sha, W. E. I.; Xie, F.; Liu, H.; Wang, J.; Huang, F.; Choy, W. C. H. Adv. Energy Mater. 2015, 5, 1500631. doi: 10.1002/aenm.201500631
45. [45]
  Beliatis, M. J.; Gandhi, K. K.; Rozanski, L. J.; Rhodes, R.; McCafferty, L.; Alenezi, M. R.; Alshammari, A. S.; Mills, C. A.; Jayawardena, K. D.; Henley, S. J.; Silva, S. R. Adv. Mater. 2014, 26, 2078. doi: 10.1002/adma.201304780
46. [46]
  Kim, H. P.; Yusoff, A. R. b. M.; Kim, H. M.; Lee, H. J.; Seo, G. J.; Jang, J. Nanoscale Res. Lett. 2014, 9, 150. doi: 10.1186/1556-276X-9-150
47. [47]
  Tan, Z.; Li, S.; Wang, F.; Qian, D.; Lin, J.; Hou, J.; Li, Y. Sci. Rep. 2014, 4, 4691.
48. [48]
  Che, X.; Li, Y.; Qu, Y.; Forrest, S. R. Nat. Energy 2018, 3, 422. doi: 10.1038/s41560-018-0134-z
49. [49]
  Zuo, L.; Chang, C.-Y.; Chueh, C.-C.; Zhang, S.; Li, H.; Jen, A. K. Y.; Chen, H. Energy Environ. Sci. 2015, 8, 1712. doi: 10.1039/C5EE00633C
50. [50]
  Wang, Z.; Li, Z.; Xu, X.; Li, Y.; Li, K.; Peng, Q. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2016, 26, 4643. doi: 10.1002/adfm.201504734
51. [51]
  Zhang, Z.-G.; Qi, B.; Jin, Z.; Chi, D.; Qi, Z.; Li, Y.; Wang, J. Energy Environ. Sci. 2014, 7, 1966. doi: 10.1039/c4ee00022f
52. [52]
  Maennig, B.; Drechsel, J.; Gebeyehu, D.; Simon, P.; Kozlowski, F.; Werner, A.; Li, F.; Grundmann, S.; Sonntag, S.; Koch, M.; Leo, K.; Pfeiffer, M.; Hoppe, H.; Meissner, D.; Sariciftci, N. S.; Riedel, I.; Dyakonov, V.; Parisi, J. Appl. Phys. A 2004, 79, 1.
53. [53]
  Martínez-Otero, A.; Liu, Q.; Mantilla-Perez, P.; Bajo, M. M.; Martorell, J. J. Mater. Chem. A 2015, 3, 10681. doi: 10.1039/C5TA02205C
54. [54]
  Adams, J.; Spyropoulos, G. D.; Salvador, M.; Li, N.; Strohm, S.; Lucera, L.; Langner, S.; Machui, F.; Zhang, H.; Ameri, T.; Voigt, M. M.; Krebs, F. C.; Brabec, C. J. Energy Environ. Sci. 2015, 8, 169. doi: 10.1039/C4EE02582B
55. [55]
  Chang, S.-Y.; Lin, Y.-C.; Sun, P.; Hsieh, Y.-T.; Meng, L.; Bae, S.-H.; Su, Y.-W.; Huang, W.; Zhu, C.; Li, G.; Wei, K.-H.; Yang, Y. Solar RRL 2017, 1, 1700139. doi: 10.1002/solr.201700139
56. [56]
  Kang, R.; Park, S.; Jung, Y. K.; Lim, D. C.; Cha, M. J.; Seo, J. H.; Cho, S. Adv. Energy Mater. 2018, 8, 1702165. doi: 10.1002/aenm.201702165
57. [57]
  Gilot, J.; Wienk, M. M.; Janssen, R. A. J. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2007, 90, 143512. doi: 10.1063/1.2719668
58. [58]
  Gao, Y.; Le Corre, V. M.; Gaitis, A.; Neophytou, M.; Hamid, M. A.; Takanabe, K.; Beaujuge, P. M. Adv. Mater. 2016, 28, 3366. doi: 10.1002/adma.201504633
59. [59]
  Sista, S.; Park, M. H.; Hong, Z.; Wu, Y.; Hou, J.; Kwan, W. L.; Li, G.; Yang, Y. Adv. Mater. 2010, 22, 380. doi: 10.1002/adma.200901624
60. [60]
  Sakai, J.; Kawano, K.; Yamanari, T.; Taima, T.; Yoshida, Y.; Fujii, A.; Ozaki, M. Sol. Energy Meter. Sol. Cells 2010, 94, 376. doi: 10.1016/j.solmat.2009.08.008
61. [61]
  Tan, H.; Furlan, A.; Li, W.; Arapov, K.; Santbergen, R.; Wienk, M. M.; Zeman, M.; Smets, A. H.; Janssen, R. A. Adv. Mater. 2016, 28, 2170. doi: 10.1002/adma.201504483
62. [62]
  Liu, Y.; Chen, C. C.; Hong, Z.; Gao, J.; Yang, Y. M.; Zhou, H.; Dou, L.; Li, G.; Yang, Y. Sci. Rep. 2013, 3, 3356. doi: 10.1038/srep03356
63. [63]
  Zuo, L.; Chang, C.-Y.; Chueh, C.-C.; Xu, Y.; Chen, H.; Jen, A. K.-Y. J. Mater. Chem. A 2016, 4, 961. doi: 10.1039/C5TA09247G
64. [64]
  Shim, H.-S.; Lin, F.; Kim, J.; Sim, B.; Kim, T.-M.; Moon, C.-K.; Wang, C.-K.; Seo, Y.; Wong, K.-T.; Kim, J.-J. Adv. Energy Mater. 2015, 5, 1500228. doi: 10.1002/aenm.201500228
65. [65]
  Liu, G.; Jia, J.; Zhang, K.; Jia, X. e.; Yin, Q.; Zhong, W.; Li, L.; Huang, F.; Cao, Y. Adv. Energy Mater. 2019, 9, 1803657. doi: 10.1002/aenm.201803657
66. [66]
  Zhang, K.; Xia, R.; Fan, B.; Liu, X.; Wang, Z.; Dong, S.; Yip, H. L.; Ying, L.; Huang, F.; Cao, Y. Adv. Mater. 2018, e1803166.
67. [67]
  Hadipour, A.; Boer, B. d.; Blom, P. W. M. J. Appl. Phys. 2007, 102, 074506. doi: 10.1063/1.2786024
68. [68]
  Kim, T.; Firdaus, Y.; Kirmani, A. R.; Liang, R.-Z.; Hu, H.; Liu, M.; Labban, A. E.; Hoogland, S.; Beaujuge, P. M.; Sargent, E. H.; Amassian, A. ACS Energy Lett. 2018, 3, 1307. doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.8b00460
69. [69]
  Zuo, L.; Shi, X.; Jo, S. B.; Liu, Y.; Lin, F.; Jen, A. K. Adv. Mater. 2018, 30, e1706816. doi: 10.1002/adma.201706816
70. [70]
  Zheng, Z.; Zhang, S.; Zhang, M.; Zhao, K.; Ye, L.; Chen, Y.; Yang, B.; Hou, J. Adv. Mater. 2015, 27, 1189. doi: 10.1002/adma.201404525
71. [71]
  Chang, C.-Y.; Zuo, L.; Yip, H.-L.; Li, C.-Z.; Li, Y.; Hsu, C.-S.; Cheng, Y.-J.; Chen, H.; Jen, A. K. Y. Adv. Energy Mater. 2014, 4, 1301645. doi: 10.1002/aenm.201301645
72. [72]
  Yuan, J.; Gu, J.; Shi, G.; Sun, J.; Wang, H. Q.; Ma, W. Sci. Rep. 2016, 6, 26459. doi: 10.1038/srep26459
73. [73]
  Xu, X.; Yu, T.; Bi, Z.; Ma, W.; Li, Y.; Peng, Q. Adv. Mater. 2018, 30, 1703973. doi: 10.1002/adma.201703973
74. [74]
  Scharber, M. C.; Mühlbacher, D.; Koppe, M.; Denk, P.; Waldauf, C.; Heeger, A. J.; Brabec, C. J. Adv. Mater. 2006, 18, 789. doi: 10.1002/adma.200501717
75. [75]
  Dennler, G.; Scharber, M. C.; Ameri, T.; Denk, P.; Forberich, K.; Waldauf, C.; Brabec, C. J. Adv. Mater. 2008, 20, 579. doi: 10.1002/adma.200702337
76. [76]
  Zhao, C.; Wang, Z.; Zhou, K.; Ge, H.; Zhang, Q.; Jin, L.; Wang, W.; Yin, S. Acta Chimica Sinica 2016, 74, 251(in Chinese). doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-2409.2016.02.017
77. [77]
  Fu, H.; Wang, Z.; Sun, Y. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2019, 58, 4442. doi: 10.1002/anie.201806291
78. [78]
  Meng, L.; Yi, Y. Q.; Wan, X.; Zhang, Y.; Ke, X.; Kan, B.; Wang, Y.; Xia, R.; Yip, H. L.; Li, C.; Chen, Y. Adv. Mater. 2019, 31, e1804723. doi: 10.1002/adma.201804723
79. [79]
  Hou, J.; Inganas, O.; Friend, R. H.; Gao, F. Nat. Mater. 2018, 17, 119. doi: 10.1038/nmat5063
80. [80]
  Cheng, P.; Li, G.; Zhan, X.; Yang, Y. Nature Photonics 2018, 12, 131. doi: 10.1038/s41566-018-0104-9
81. [81]
  Shao, R.; Yang, X.; Yin, S.; Wang, W. Acta Chimica Sinica 2016, 74, 676(in Chinese).
82. [82]
  Liu, W.; Li, S.; Huang, J.; Yang, S.; Chen, J.; Zuo, L.; Shi, M.; Zhan, X.; Li, C. Z.; Chen, H. Adv. Mater. 2016, 28, 9729. doi: 10.1002/adma.201603518
83. [83]
  Chen, S.; Yao, H.; Hu, B.; Zhang, G.; Arunagiri, L.; Ma, L.-K.; Huang, J.; Zhang, J.; Zhu, Z.; Bai, F.; Ma, W.; Yan, H. Adv. Energy Mater. 2018, 8, 1800529. doi: 10.1002/aenm.201800529
84. [84]
  Lin, Y.; Wang, J.; Zhang, Z. G.; Bai, H.; Li, Y.; Zhu, D.; Zhan, X. Adv. Mater. 2015, 27, 1170. doi: 10.1002/adma.201404317
85. [85]
  Wang, G.; Melkonyan, F. S.; Facchetti, A.; Marks, T. J. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2019, 58, 4129. doi: 10.1002/anie.201808976
86. [86]
  Yan, H.; Chen, Z.; Zheng, Y.; Newman, C.; Quinn, J. R.; Dotz, F.; Kastler, M.; Facchetti, A. Nature 2009, 457, 679. doi: 10.1038/nature07727
87. [87]
  Cheng, P.; Liu, Y.; Chang, S.-Y.; Li, T.; Sun, P.; Wang, R.; Cheng, H.-W.; Huang, T.; Meng, L.; Nuryyeva, S.; Zhu, C.; Wei, K.-H.; Sun, B.; Zhan, X.; Yang, Y. Joule 2019, 3, 432. doi: 10.1016/j.joule.2018.11.011
88. [88]
  Yue, Q.; Zhou, Z.; Xu, S.; Zhang, J.; Zhu, X. J. Mater. Chem. A 2018, 6, 13588. doi: 10.1039/C8TA04405H
89. [89]
  Kim, J.-H.; Park, J. B.; Xu, F.; Kim, D.; Kwak, J.; Grimsdale, A. C.; Hwang, D.-H. Energy Environ. Sci. 2014, 7, 4118. doi: 10.1039/C4EE02318H
90. [90]
  Li, K.; Li, Z.; Feng, K.; Xu, X.; Wang, L.; Peng, Q. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135, 13549. doi: 10.1021/ja406220a
91. [91]
  Glaser, K.; Beu, P.; Bahro, D.; Sprau, C.; Pütz, A.; Colsmann, A. J. Mater. Chem. A 2018, 6, 9257. doi: 10.1039/C8TA00590G
92. [92]
  Zuo, L.; Yu, J.; Shi, X.; Lin, F.; Tang, W.; Jen, A. K. Adv. Mater. 2017, 29, 1702547. doi: 10.1002/adma.201702547
93. [93]
  Li, W.; Furlan, A.; Hendriks, K. H.; Wienk, M. M.; Janssen, R. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135, 5529. doi: 10.1021/ja401434x
94. [94]
  Qin, Y.; Uddin, M. A.; Chen, Y.; Jang, B.; Zhao, K.; Zheng, Z.; Yu, R.; Shin, T. J.; Woo, H. Y.; Hou, J. Adv. Mater. 2016, 28, 9416. doi: 10.1002/adma.201601803
95. [95]
  Duan, C.; Furlan, A.; van Franeker, J. J.; Willems, R. E. M.; Wienk, M. M.; Janssen, R. A. J. Adv. Mater. 2015, 27, 4461. doi: 10.1002/adma.201501626
96. [96]
  Hagemann, O.; Bjerring, M.; Nielsen, N. C.; Krebs, F. C. Sol. Energy Meter. Sol. Cells 2008, 92, 1327. doi: 10.1016/j.solmat.2008.05.005
97. [97]
  Tang, Z.; George, Z.; Ma, Z.; Bergqvist, J.; Tvingstedt, K.; Vandewal, K.; Wang, E.; Andersson, L. M.; Andersson, M. R.; Zhang, F.; Inganäs, O. Adv. Energy Mater. 2012, 2, 1467. doi: 10.1002/aenm.201200204
98. [98]
  Li, N.; Baran, D.; Forberich, K.; Machui, F.; Ameri, T.; Turbiez, M.; Carrasco-Orozco, M.; Drees, M.; Facchetti, A.; Krebs, F. C.; Brabec, C. J. Energy Environ. Sci. 2013, 6, 3407. doi: 10.1039/c3ee42307g
99. [99]
  Dou, L.; Gao, J.; Richard, E.; You, J.; Chen, C. C.; Cha, K. C.; He, Y.; Li, G.; Yang, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 10071. doi: 10.1021/ja301460s
100. [100]
  Zuo, L.; Shi, X.; Fu, W.; Jen, A. K. Adv. Mater. 2019, 31, e1901683. doi: 10.1002/adma.201901683
101. [101]
  Liu, F.; Zhou, Z.; Zhang, C.; Zhang, J.; Hu, Q.; Vergote, T.; Liu, F.; Russell, T. P.; Zhu, X. Adv. Mater. 2017, 29, 1606574. doi: 10.1002/adma.201606574
102. [102]
  Li, Y.; Lin, J. D.; Liu, X.; Qu, Y.; Wu, F. P.; Liu, F.; Jiang, Z. Q.; Forrest, S. R. Adv. Mater. 2018, 30, e1804416. doi: 10.1002/adma.201804416
103. [103]
  Zuo, L.; Chueh, C. C.; Xu, Y. X.; Chen, K. S.; Zang, Y.; Li, C. Z.; Chen, H.; Jen, A. K. Adv. Mater. 2014, 26, 6778. doi: 10.1002/adma.201402782
104. [104]
  Dou, L.; Chen, C.-C.; Yoshimura, K.; Ohya, K.; Chang, W.-H.; Gao, J.; Liu, Y.; Richard, E.; Yang, Y. Macromolecules 2013, 46, 3384. doi: 10.1021/ma400452j
105. [105]
  Zheng, Z.; Zhang, S.; Zhang, J.; Qin, Y.; Li, W.; Yu, R.; Wei, Z.; Hou, J. Adv. Mater. 2016, 28, 5133. doi: 10.1002/adma.201600373
106. [106]
  Peng, Q.; Huang, Q.; Hou, X.; Chang, P.; Xu, J.; Deng, S. Chem. Commun. 2012, 48, 11452. doi: 10.1039/c2cc36324k
107. [107]
  Yuan, J.; Ford, M. J.; Xu, Y.; Zhang, Y.; Bazan, G. C.; Ma, W. Adv. Energy Mater. 2018, 8, 1703291. doi: 10.1002/aenm.201703291
108. [108]
  Chen, C. C.; Chang, W. H.; Yoshimura, K.; Ohya, K.; You, J.; Gao, J.; Hong, Z.; Yang, Y. Adv. Mater. 2014, 26, 5670. doi: 10.1002/adma.201402072
109. [109]
  Yusoff, A. R. b. M.; Kim, D.; Kim, H. P.; Shneider, F. K.; da Silva, W. J.; Jang, J. Energy Environ. Sci. 2015, 8, 303. doi: 10.1039/C4EE03048F
110. [110]
  Di Carlo Rasi, D.; Hendriks, K. H.; Wienk, M. M.; Janssen, R. A. J. Adv. Mater. 2018, e1803836.
111. [111]
  Machui, F.; Hösel, M.; Li, N.; Spyropoulos, G. D.; Ameri, T.; Søndergaard, R. R.; Jørgensen, M.; Scheel, A.; Gaiser, D.; Kreul, K.; Lenssen, D.; Legros, M.; Lemaitre, N.; Vilkman, M.; Välimäki, M.; Nordman, S.; Brabec, C. J.; Krebs, F. C. Energy Environ. Sci. 2014, 7, 2792. doi: 10.1039/C4EE01222D
112. [112]
  Gu, X.; Shaw, L.; Gu, K.; Toney, M. F.; Bao, Z. Nat. Commun. 2018, 9, 534. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-02833-9
113. [113]
  Li, N.; Brabec, C. J. Energy Environ. Sci. 2015, 8, 2902. doi: 10.1039/C5EE02145F
114. [114]
  Guo, F.; Li, N.; Radmilović, V. V.; Radmilović, V. R.; Turbiez, M.; Spiecker, E.; Forberich, K.; Brabec, C. J. Energy Environ. Sci. 2015, 8, 1690. doi: 10.1039/C5EE00184F
115. [115]
  Andersen, T. R.; Dam, H. F.; Hösel, M.; Helgesen, M.; Carlé, J. E.; Larsen-Olsen, T. T.; Gevorgyan, S. A.; Andreasen, J. W.; Adams, J.; Li, N.; Machui, F.; Spyropoulos, G. D.; Ameri, T.; Lemaître, N. e.; Legros, M.; Scheel, A.; Gaiser, D.; Kreul, K.; Berny, S.; Lozman, O. R.; Nordman, S.; Välimäki, M.; Vilkman, M.; Søndergaard, R. R.; Jørgensen, M.; Brabec, C. J.; Krebs, F. C. Energy Environ. Sci. 2014, 7, 2925. doi: 10.1039/C4EE01223B
116. [116]
  Dam, H. F.; Andersen, T. R.; Pedersen, E. B. L.; Thydén, K. T. S.; Helgesen, M.; Carlé, J. E.; Jørgensen, P. S.; Reinhardt, J.; Søndergaard, R. R.; Jørgensen, M.; Bundgaard, E.; Krebs, F. C.; Andreasen, J. W. Adv. Energy Mater. 2015, 5, 1400736. doi: 10.1002/aenm.201400736
117. [117]
  Di Carlo Rasi, D.; Hendriks, K. H.; Wienk, M. M.; Janssen, R. A. J. Adv. Energy Mater. 2017, 7, 1701664. doi: 10.1002/aenm.201701664
118. [118]
  Gilot, J.; Wienk, M. M.; Janssen, R. A. J. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2010, 20, 3904. doi: 10.1002/adfm.201001167
119. [119]
  Alemu, D.; Wei, H.-Y.; Ho, K.-C.; Chu, C.-W. Energy Environ. Sci. 2012, 5, 9662. doi: 10.1039/c2ee22595f
120. [120]
  Na, S.-I.; Kim, S.-S.; Jo, J.; Kim, D.-Y. Adv. Mater. 2008, 20, 4061. doi: 10.1002/adma.200800338
121. [121]
  Spyropoulos, G. D.; Kubis, P.; Li, N.; Baran, D.; Lucera, L.; Salvador, M.; Ameri, T.; Voigt, M. M.; Krebs, F. C.; Brabec, C. J. Energy Environ. Sci. 2014, 7, 3284. doi: 10.1039/C4EE02003K
122. [122]
  Du, X.; Zeng, Q.; Zhang, H.; Yang, B. Chin. J. Chem. 2017, 35, 551. doi: 10.1002/cjoc.201600733
1. [1]
  Qiuyang LUO , Xiaoning TANG , Shu XIA , Junnan LIU , Xingfu YANG , Jie LEI . Application of a densely hydrophobic copper metal layer in-situ prepared with organic solvents for protecting zinc anodes. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(7): 1243-1253. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240110
2. [2]
  Yixuan Gao , Lingxing Zan , Wenlin Zhang , Qingbo Wei . Comprehensive Innovation Experiment: Preparation and Characterization of Carbon-based Perovskite Solar Cells. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(4): 178-183. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202311091
3. [3]
  Hongwei Ma , Hui Li . Three Methods for Structure Determination from Powder Diffraction Data. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(3): 94-102. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202310035
4. [4]
  Feng Liang , Desheng Li , Yuting Jiang , Jiaxin Dong , Dongcheng Liu , Xingcan Shen . Method Exploration and Instrument Innovation for the Experiment of Colloid ζ Potential Measurement by Electrophoresis. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(5): 345-353. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202312009
5. [5]
  Yuting Zhang , Zhiqian Wang . Methods and Case Studies for In-Depth Learning of the Aldol Reaction Based on Its Reversible Nature. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(7): 377-380. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202311037
6. [6]
  Sifang Zhang , Yanli Tan , Yu Tao , Jiaoyan Zhao , Haihong Zhu . Exploration and Practice of Ideological and Political Cases in the Course of Chemistry History and Methodology. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(10): 377-388. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202312067
7. [7]
  Yuyang Xu , Ruying Yang , Yanzhe Zhang , Yandong Liu , Keyi Li , Zehui Wei . Research Progress of Aflatoxins Removal by Modern Optical Methods. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(11): 174-181. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202402064
8. [8]
  Zeyuan WANG , Songzhi ZHENG , Hao LI , Jingbo WENG , Wei WANG , Yang WANG , Weihai SUN . Effect of I₂ interface modification engineering on the performance of all-inorganic CsPbBr₃ perovskite solar cells. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(7): 1290-1300. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240021
9. [9]
  Jizhou Liu , Chenbin Ai , Chenrui Hu , Bei Cheng , Jianjun Zhang . 六氯锡酸铵促进钙钛矿太阳能电池界面电子转移及其飞秒瞬态吸收光谱研究. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(11): 2402006-. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202402006
10. [10]
  Yipeng Zhou , Chenxin Ran , Zhongbin Wu . Metacognitive Enhancement in Diversifying Ideological and Political Education within Graduate Course: A Case Study on “Solar Cell Performance Enhancement Technology”. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(6): 151-159. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202312096
11. [11]
  Jingfeng Lan , Li Wu , Guangnong Lu , Liu Yang , Xiaolong Li , Xiangyang Xu , Yongwen Shen , E Yu . Application of 3E Method in the Negative List Management System in Teaching Laboratory. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(4): 54-61. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202310130
12. [12]
  Haiping Wang . A Streamlined Method for Drawing Lewis Structures Using the Valence State of Outer Atoms. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(8): 383-388. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202401073
13. [13]
  Jingjing QING , Fan HE , Zhihui LIU , Shuaipeng HOU , Ya LIU , Yifan JIANG , Mengting TAN , Lifang HE , Fuxing ZHANG , Xiaoming ZHU . Synthesis, structure, and anticancer activity of two complexes of dimethylglyoxime organotin. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(7): 1301-1308. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240003
14. [14]
  Qilong Fang , Yiqi Li , Jiangyihui Sheng , Quan Yuan , Jie Tan . Magical Pesticide Residue Detection Test Strips: Aptamer-based Lateral Flow Test Strips for Organophosphorus Pesticide Detection. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(5): 80-89. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202310004
15. [15]
  Yang Chen , Peng Chen , Yuyang Song , Yuxue Jin , Song Wu . Application of Chemical Transformation Driven Impurity Separation in Experiments Teaching: A Novel Method for Purification of α-Fluorinated Mandelic Acid. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(6): 253-263. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202310077
16. [16]
  Jiao CHEN , Yi LI , Yi XIE , Dandan DIAO , Qiang XIAO . Vapor-phase transport of MFI nanosheets for the fabrication of ultrathin b-axis oriented zeolite membranes. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(3): 507-514. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20230403
17. [17]
  Shengjuan Huo , Xiaoyan Zhang , Xiangheng Li , Xiangning Li , Tianfang Chen , Yuting Shen . Unveiling the Marvels of Titanium: Popularizing Multifunctional Colored Titanium Product Films. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(5): 184-192. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202310127
18. [18]
  Yiying Yang , Dongju Zhang . Elucidating the Concepts of Thermodynamic Control and Kinetic Control in Chemical Reactions through Theoretical Chemistry Calculations: A Computational Chemistry Experiment on the Diels-Alder Reaction. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(3): 327-335. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202309074
19. [19]
  Yingying Chen , Di Xu , Congmin Wang . Exploration and Practice of the “Four-Level, Three-Linkage” General Chemistry Course System. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(8): 119-125. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202401057
20. [20]
  Qiuyu Ming , Huijun Jiang , Zhihao Zhang . A Sightseeing Tour of Folic Acid Processing Plant. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(9): 11-15. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202404092

Get Citation

PDF

XML

Metrics

PDF Downloads(124)
Abstract views(4518)
HTML views(1416)

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142