Citation: Li Ran, Lu Yanying, Lei Kaixiang, Li Fujun, Cheng Fangyi, Chen Jun. Resumption of the Discharged Li-AgVO₃ Primary Batteries for Rechargeable Li-O₂ Batteries[J]. Acta Chimica Sinica, ;2017, 75(2): 199-205. doi: 10.6023/A16070329 shu

Resumption of the Discharged Li-AgVO₃ Primary Batteries for Rechargeable Li-O₂ Batteries

Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry(Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University;Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300071, China

Corresponding author: Cheng Fangyi, fycheng@nankai.edu.cn.Tel
Received Date: 7 July 2016
Revised Date: 30 September 2016

Fund Project: Ministry of Education 113016AProject supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China 21322101, 21231005111 Project B12015

Figures(9)

Recycling use is one of the energy and resource saving strategies to dispose depleted batteries, especially primary lithium batteries that employ electrode materials based on expensive and low-abundance elements. In this study, we report in detail the recycling use of discharged Li-AgVO₃ primary battery for rechargeable Li-O₂ battery. We demonstrate that the discharged Li-AgVO₃ cell, in which metallic silver nanoparticles in-situ generated in the vanadium oxide nanowires cathode efficiently catalyze the oxygen reduction/evolution reactions (ORR/OER), can be resumed as rechargeable Li-O₂ cells when they are exposed at O₂ atmosphere. By controlling the discharge depths, we obtained different cathodes that were composed of vanadium oxide nanowires and silver nanoparticles. As the electrode was discharged to a lower voltage, more silver nanoparticles with larger particle size were distributed on the surface of vanadium oxides, as a result of the sequential reduction of Ag⁺ to Ag⁰ and V⁵⁺ to V⁴⁺. Specifically, the average size of formed Ag nanoparticles was 15 nm and 70 nm at ceased discharge voltage of 2.9 V and 2.0 V, respectively, while the formation of V⁴⁺ was observed at discharge voltage lower than 2.3 V. Electrochemical tests indicated that the Li-O₂ cells assembled with the AgVO₃ cathode discharged to 2.3 V (AgVO₃-2.3) exhibited the highest specific capacity (9000 mAh·g_carbon^-1), the lowest overpotential and robust cycling performance (up to 95 cycles at the current density of 300 mA·g_carbon^-1). The remarkable electrochemical performance of the Li-O₂ battery with the AgVO₃-2.3 cathode is attributed to the optimization of amount, size and distribution of generated silver nanoparticles that contribute to high electronic conductivity and abundant active sites for the ORR/OER. A combined analysis of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed that the AgVO₃-2.3 cathode enables the reversible formation and decomposition of Li₂O₂ with lower charge transfer resistance on discharge and charge. The results presented here would provide new insight into the promising recycling application of depleted primary Li-AgVO₃ batteries in rechargeable high-capacity Li-O₂ batteries.
- silver vanadium oxide,
- silver nanoparticles,
- lithium primary battery,
- Li-oxygen battery,
- recycling use,
- oxygen reduction/evolution
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Resumption of the Discharged Li-AgVO₃ Primary Batteries for Rechargeable Li-O₂ Batteries