Citation: Yajin Li, Huimin Liu, Lan Ma, Jiaxiong Liu, Dehua He. Photothermal Synthesis of Glycerol Carbonate via Glycerol Carbonylation with CO₂ over Au/Co₃O₄-ZnO Catalyst[J]. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, ;2024, 40(9): 230800. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202308005 shu

Photothermal Synthesis of Glycerol Carbonate via Glycerol Carbonylation with CO₂ over Au/Co₃O₄-ZnO Catalyst

Yajin Li ¹ ,
Huimin Liu ^2,, ,
Lan Ma ³ ,
Jiaxiong Liu ¹ ,
Dehua He ^1,,

1.
Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
2.
School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Liaoning University of Technology, Jinzhou 121001, Liaoning Province, China;
3.
Institute of NBC Defense, Beijing 102205, China

Corresponding author: Huimin Liu, Dehua He,
Received Date: 3 August 2023
Revised Date: 6 October 2023
Accepted Date: 10 October 2023

Fund Project: The project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21573120) and Education Department of Liaoning Province (JQL202015401).

Glycerol carbonylation with CO₂ to synthesize glycerol carbonate is a promising approach for CO₂ utilization. This reaction can be achieved through a thermally-driven catalytic pathway, but it is constrained by thermodynamic equilibrium. In the present study, we introduced solar energy into the reaction system to enable a photo-thermal synergistic catalytic reaction, breaking through the thermodynamic limitations. We developed a series of xAu/20Co₃O₄-ZnO catalysts, where Co₃O₄-ZnO, a composite of p-type semi-conductor Co₃O₄ and n-type semi-conductor ZnO, exhibited a heterojunction structure, and Au nanoparticles loaded onto the surface of Co₃O₄-ZnO revealed the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). We investigated the ability of xAu/Co₃O₄-ZnO to absorb visible light absorption, the efficiency of separating photo-generated hole-electron pairs, and the impact of Au on the photothermal synergistic catalytic performances of Au/Co₃O₄-ZnO catalysts. We also examined the effects of Au doping on the bulk and surface properties, including crystalline structures, morphologies, specific surface areas and pore structures, the binding energies of the elements, surface acid-base sites, and reduction behaviors of xAu/Co₃O₄-ZnO. Our findings revealed that the heterojunction structure of Au/20Co₃O₄-ZnO facilitated visible light absorption and hole-electron pair separation. The size of Au nano-particles (NPs) loaded on Co₃O₄-ZnO surface was approximately 50 nm. The loading of Au altered the electron density of Co and Zn, improved the reducibility of Co species, and enhanced the presence of oxygen vacancies on Co₃O₄-ZnO surface. The LSPR of Au NPs further enhanced the visible light absorption capacity of Au/20Co₃O₄-ZnO, and improved the separating of photogenerated hole-electron pairs, thus enhancing the photothermal catalytic performances. With the optimizing conditions (150 °C, 5 MPa, 6 h, and 225 W visible light irradiation), the 2%Au/20Co₃O₄-ZnO catalyst demonstrated excellent performances, yielding a glycerol carbonate yield of 6.5%. This study is expected to serve as a reference for the rational design of improved photothermal catalysts for glycerol carbonylation with CO₂ to produce glycerol carbonate in the future.
- CO₂ utilization,
- Glycerol carbonylation,
- Glycerol carbonate,
- Plasmonic metal,
- Photo-thermal catalysis
1. [1]
  (1) Hepburn, C.; Adlen, E.; Beddington, J.; Carter, E. A.; Fuss, S.; Mac Dowell, N.; Minx, J. C.; Smith, P.; Williams, C. K. Nature 2019, 575 (7781), 87. doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-1681-6
2. [2]
  (2) Jiang, X.; Nie, X. W.; Guo, X. W.; Song, C. S.; Chen, J. G. G. Chem. Rev. 2020, 120 (15), 7984. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00723
3. [3]
  (3) Huo, Y.; Zhang, J. F.; Dai, K.; Li, Q.; Lv, J. L.; Zhu, G. P.; Liang, C. H. Appl. Catal. B-Environ. 2019, 241, 528. doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2018.09.073
4. [4]
  (4) Chen, Y. L.; Wang, Z.; Zhong, Z. Q. Renew. Energy 2019, 131, 208. doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2018.07.047
5. [5]
  (5) Bekun, F. V.; Alola, A. A.; Sarkodie, S. A. Sci. Total Environ. 2019, 657, 1023. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.104
6. [6]
  (6) Kibria, M. G.; Edwards, J. P.; Gabardo, C. M.; Dinh, C. T.; Seifitokaldani, A.; Sinton, D.; Sargent, E. H. Adv. Mater. 2019, 31, 1807166. doi: 10.1002/adma.201807166
7. [7]
  (7) Zhao, Y. F.; Waterhouse, G. I. N.; Chen, G. B.; Xiong, X. Y.; Wu, L. Z.; Tung, C. H.; Zhang, T. R. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2019, 48 (7), 1972. doi: 10.1039/c8cs00607e
8. [8]
  (8) Aitbekova, A.; Wu, L. H.; Wrasman, C. J.; Boubnov, A.; Hoffman, A. S.; Goodman, E. D.; Bare, S. R.; Cargnello, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2018, 140 (42), 13736. doi: 10.1021/jacs.8b07615
9. [9]
  (9) Frei, M. S.; Capdevila-Cortada, M.; Garcia-Muelas, R.; Mondelli, C.; Lopez, N.; Stewart, J. A.; Ferre, D. C.; Perez-Ramirez, J. J. Catal. 2018, 361, 313. doi: 10.1016/j.jcat.2018.03.014
10. [10]
  (10) Ma, Z. Q.; Porosoff, M. D. ACS Catal. 2019, 9 (3), 2639. doi: 10.1021/acscatal.8b05060
11. [11]
  (11) Nie, X. W.; Jiang, X.; Wang, H. Z.; Luo, W. J.; Janik, M. J.; Chen, Y. G.; Guo, X. W.; Song, C. S. ACS Catal. 2018, 8 (6), 4873. doi: 10.1021/acscatal.7b04150
12. [12]
  (12) Yang, W. W.; Liu, H. M.; Li, Y. M.; Zhang, J.; Wu, H.; He, D. H. Catal. Today 2016, 259, 438. doi: 10.1016/j.cattod.2015.04.012
13. [13]
  (13) Liu, H. M.; Li, Y. J.; He, D. H. Energy Technol. 2020, 8 (8), 1900493. doi: 10.1002/ente.201900493
14. [14]
  (14) Chang, T.; Tamura, M.; Nakagawa, Y.; Fukaya, N.; Choi, J. C.; Mishima, T.; Matsumoto, S.; Hamura, S.; Tomishige, K. Green Chem. 2020, 22 (21), 7321. doi: 10.1039/d0gc02717k
15. [15]
  (15) Truong, C. C.; Mishra, D. K. J. CO₂ Util. 2020, 41, 101252. doi: 10.1016/j.jcou.2020.101252
16. [16]
  (16) Liu, J. X.; Li, Y. M.; Zhang, J.; He, D. H. Appl. Catal. A-Gen. 2016, 513, 9. doi: 10.1016/j.apcata.2015.12.030
17. [17]
  (17) Li, H. G.; Jiao, X.; Li, L.; Zhao, N.; Xiao, F. K.; Wei, W.; Sun, Y. H.; Zhang, B. S. Catal. Sci. Technol. 2015, 5 (2), 989. doi: 10.1039/c4cy01237b
18. [18]
  (18) Su, X. L. N.; Lin, W. W.; Cheng, H. Y.; Zhang, C.; Wang, Y.; Yu, X. J.; Wu, Z. J.; Zhao, F. Y. Green Chem. 2017, 19 (7), 1775. doi: 10.1039/c7gc00260b
19. [19]
  (19) Zhang, J.; He, D. H. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 2014, 419, 31. doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2013.12.049
20. [20]
  (20) Huang, X. Q.; Tang, S. H.; Mu, X. L.; Dai, Y.; Chen, G. X.; Zhou, Z. Y.; Ruan, F. X.; Yang, Z. L.; Zheng, N. F. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2011, 6 (1), 28. doi: 10.1038/nnano.2010.235
21. [21]
  (21) Wang, J.; Li, Y. Y.; Deng, L.; Wei, N. N.; Weng, Y. K.; Dong, S.; Qi, D. P.; Qiu, J.; Chen, X. D.; Wu, T. Adv. Mater. 2017, 29 (3), 1603730. doi: 10.1002/adma.201603730
22. [22]
  (22) Reithofer, M. R.; Sum, Y. N.; Zhang, Y. G. Green Chem. 2013, 15 (8), 2086. doi: 10.1039/c3gc40790j
23. [23]
  (23) Park, C. Y.; Huy, N. P.; Shin, E. W. Mol. Catal. 2017, 435, 99. doi: 10.1016/j.mcat.2017.03.025
24. [24]
  (24) Li, Y. J.; Liu, H. M.; Ma, L.; Liu, J. X.; He, D. H. Catal. Sci. Technol. 2021, 11 (3), 1007. doi: 10.1039/d0cy01821j
25. [25]
  (25) Liu, H. M.; Li, Y. J.; Ma, L.; Liu, J. X.; He, D. H. Fuel 2022, 315, 123294. doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2022.123294
26. [26]
  (26) Gelle, A.; Jin, T.; de la Garza, L.; Price, G. D.; Besteiro, L. V.; Moores, A. Chem. Rev. 2020, 120 (2), 986. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00187
27. [27]
  (27) Xu, Y.; Bai, P.; Zhou, X. D.; Akimov, Y.; Png, C. E.; Ang, L. K.; Knoll, W.; Wu, L. Adv. Opt. Mater. 2019, 7 (9), 1801433. doi: 10.1002/adom.201801433
28. [28]
  (28) Kim, M.; Lee, J. H.; Nam, J. M. Adv. Sci. 2019, 6 (17), 1900471. doi: 10.1002/advs.201900471
29. [29]
  (29) Madhumitha, G.; Fowsiya, J.; Gupta, N.; Kumar, A.; Singh, M. J. Phys. Chem. Solids 2019, 127, 43. doi: 10.1016/j.jpcs.2018.12.005
30. [30]
  (30) Reddy, K.; Reddy, A. J.; Krishna, R. H.; Nagabhushana, B. M.; Gopal, R. J. Asian Ceram. Soc. 2017, 5 (3), 350. doi: 10.1016/j.jascer.2017.06.008
31. [31]
  (31) Karimi-Maleh, H.; Yola, M. L.; Atar, N.; Orooji, Y.; Karimi, F.; Kumar, P. S.; Rouhi, J.; Baghayeri, M. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 2021, 592, 174. doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.02.066
32. [32]
  (32) Lukashuk, L.; Yigit, N.; Rameshan, R.; Kolar, E.; Teschner, D.; Havecker, M.; Knop-Gericke, A.; Schlogl, R.; Fottinger, K.; Rupprechter, G. ACS Catal. 2018, 8 (9), 8630. doi: 10.1021/acscatal.8b01237
33. [33]
  (33) Aparna, T. K.; Sivasubramanian, R.; Dar, M. A. J. Alloy. Compd. 2018, 741, 1130. doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.01.205
34. [34]
  (34) Yang, Y. T.; Jiang, K. D.; Guo, J.; Li, J.; Peng, X. L.; Hong, B.; Wang, X. Q.; Ge, H. L. Chem. Eng. J. 2020, 381, 122596. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2019.122596
35. [35]
  (35) Wang, C.; Lin, G.; Zhao, J. L.; Wang, S. X.; Zhang, L. B.; Xi, Y. H.; Li, X. T.; Ying, Y. Chem. Eng. J. 2020, 380, 122511. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2019.122511
36. [36]
  (36) Wang, J. P.; Wang, Z. Y.; Huang, B. B.; Ma, Y. D.; Liu, Y. Y.; Qin, X. Y.; Zhang, X. Y.; Dai, Y. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2012, 4 (8), 4024. doi: 10.1021/am300835p
37. [37]
  (37) Zheng, Y. H.; Chen, C. Q.; Zhan, Y. Y.; Lin, X. Y.; Zheng, Q.; Wei, K. M.; Zhu, J. F. J. Phys. Chem. C 2008, 112 (29), 10773. doi: 10.1021/jp8027275
38. [38]
  (38) Lin, X. T.; Li, S. J.; He, H.; Wu, Z.; Wu, J. L.; Chen, L. M.; Ye, D. Q.; Fu, M. L. Appl. Catal. B-Environ. 2018, 223, 91. doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2017.06.071
39. [39]
  (39) Chen, L. W.; Ding, D. H.; Liu, C.; Cai, H.; Qu, Y.; Yang, S. J.; Gao, Y.; Cai, T. M. Chem. Eng. J. 2018, 334, 273. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2017.10.040
40. [40]
  (40) Gomes, J. R. B.; Ramalho, J. P. P.; Illas, F. Surf. Sci. 2010, 604 (3–4), 428. doi: 10.1016/j.susc.2009.12.009
41. [41]
  (41) Liu, H. M.; Meng, X. G.; Dao, T. D.; Zhang, H. B.; Li, P.; Chang, K.; Wang, T.; Li, M.; Nagao, T.; Ye, J. H. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2015, 54 (39), 11545. doi: 10.1002/anie.201504933
42. [42]
  (42) Liu, H. M.; Li, M.; Dao, T. D.; Liu, Y. Y.; Zhou, W.; Liu, L. Q.; Meng, X. G.; Nagao, T.; Ye, J. H. Nano Energy 2016, 26, 398. doi: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2016.05.045
43. [43]
  (43) Ashokkumar, M.; Muthukumaran, S. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 2015, 374, 61. doi: 10.1016/j.jmmm.2014.08.023
44. [44]
  (44) Kulal, N.; Vetrivel, R.; Krishna, N. S. G.; Shanbhag, G. V. ACS Appl. Nano Mater. 2021, 4 (5), 4388. doi: 10.1021/acsanm.0c03166
45. [45]
  (45) Hu, C. C.; Chang, C. W.; Yoshida, M.; Wang, K. H. J. Mater. Chem. A 2021, 9 (11), 7048. doi: 10.1039/d0ta12413c
46. [46]
  (46) Zhang, J.; He, D. H. J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 2015, 90 (6), 1077. doi: 10.1002/jctb.4414
47. [47]
  (47) Li, H. G.; Xin, C. L.; Jiao, X.; Zhao, N.; Xiao, F. K.; Li, L.; Wei, W.; Sun, Y. H. J. Mol. Catal. A-Chem. 2015, 402, 71. doi: 10.1016/j.molcata.2015.03.012
48. [48]
  (48) Liu, J. X.; Li, Y. J.; Liu, H. M.; He, D. H. Appl. Catal. B-Environ. 2019, 244, 836. doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2018.12.018
49. [49]
  (49) Ingram, D. B.; Christopher, P.; Bauer, J. L.; Linic, S. ACS Catal. 2011, 1 (10), 1441. doi: 10.1021/cs200320h
50. [50]
  (50) Aguado, E. R.; Cecilia, J. A.; Infantes-Molina, A.; Talon, A.; Storaro, L.; Moretti, E.; Rodriguez-Castellon, E. Dalton Trans. 2020, 49 (13), 3946. doi: 10.1039/c9dt04243a
51. [51]
  (51) Du, H.; Williams, C. T.; Ebner, A. D.; Ritter, J. A. Chem. Mater. 2010, 22 (11), 3519. doi: 10.1021/cm100703e
52. [52]
  (52) Stevens, R. W.; Siriwardane, R. V.; Logan, J. Energy Fuels 2008, 22 (5), 3070. doi: 10.1021/ef800209a
53. [53]
  (53) Reinoso, D. M.; Damiani, D. E.; Tonetto, G. M. Appl. Catal. B- Environ. 2014, 144, 308. doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2013.07.026
54. [54]
  (54) Rakibuddin, M.; Ananthakrishnan, R. RSC Adv. 2015, 5 (83), 68117. doi: 10.1039/c5ra07799k
1. [1]
  Wenlong LI , Xinyu JIA , Jie LING , Mengdan MA , Anning ZHOU . Photothermal catalytic CO₂ hydrogenation over a Mg-doped In₂O_3-x catalyst. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(5): 919-929. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20230421
2. [2]
  Xuejiao Wang , Suiying Dong , Kezhen Qi , Vadim Popkov , Xianglin Xiang . Photocatalytic CO₂ Reduction by Modified g-C₃N₄. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(12): 2408005-. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202408005
3. [3]
  Kexin Dong , Chuqi Shen , Ruyu Yan , Yanping Liu , Chunqiang Zhuang , Shijie Li . Integration of Plasmonic Effect and S-Scheme Heterojunction into Ag/Ag₃PO₄/C₃N₅ Photocatalyst for Boosted Photocatalytic Levofloxacin Degradation. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(10): 2310013-. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202310013
4. [4]
  Zhuoming Liang , Ming Chen , Zhiwen Zheng , Kai Chen . Multidimensional Studies on Ketone-Enol Tautomerism of 1,3-Diketones By ¹H NMR. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(7): 361-367. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202311029
5. [5]
  Zhanggui DUAN , Yi PEI , Shanshan ZHENG , Zhaoyang WANG , Yongguang WANG , Junjie WANG , Yang HU , Chunxin LÜ , Wei ZHONG . Preparation of UiO-66-NH₂ supported copper catalyst and its catalytic activity on alcohol oxidation. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(3): 496-506. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20230317
6. [6]
  Yingran Liang , Fei Wang , Jiabao Sun , Hongtao Zheng , Zhenli Zhu . Construction and Application of a New Experimental Device for Determination of Alkaline Metal Elements by Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry Based on Solution Cathode Glow Discharge: An Alternative Approach for Fundamental Teaching Experiments in Emission Spectroscopy. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(5): 380-387. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202312024
7. [7]
  Kun WANG , Wenrui LIU , Peng JIANG , Yuhang SONG , Lihua CHEN , Zhao DENG . Hierarchical hollow structured BiOBr-Pt catalysts for photocatalytic CO₂ reduction. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(7): 1270-1278. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240037
8. [8]
  Peiran ZHAO , Yuqian LIU , Cheng HE , Chunying DUAN . A functionalized Eu³⁺ metal-organic framework for selective fluorescent detection of pyrene. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(4): 713-724. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20230355
9. [9]
  Yuejiao An , Wenxuan Liu , Yanfeng Zhang , Jianjun Zhang , Zhansheng Lu . Revealing Photoinduced Charge Transfer Mechanism of SnO₂/BiOBr S-Scheme Heterostructure for CO₂ Photoreduction. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(12): 2407021-. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202407021
10. [10]
  Wen YANG , Didi WANG , Ziyi HUANG , Yaping ZHOU , Yanyan FENG . La promoted hydrotalcite derived Ni-based catalysts: In situ preparation and CO₂ methanation performance. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(3): 561-570. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20230276
11. [11]
  Ruolin CHENG , Haoran WANG , Jing REN , Yingying MA , Huagen LIANG . Efficient photocatalytic CO₂ cycloaddition over W₁₈O₄₉/NH₂-UiO-66 composite catalyst. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(3): 523-532. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20230349
12. [12]
  Yi YANG , Shuang WANG , Wendan WANG , Limiao CHEN . Photocatalytic CO₂ reduction performance of Z-scheme Ag-Cu₂O/BiVO₄ photocatalyst. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(5): 895-906. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20230434
13. [13]
  Xiutao Xu , Chunfeng Shao , Jinfeng Zhang , Zhongliao Wang , Kai Dai . Rational Design of S-Scheme CeO₂/Bi₂MoO₆ Microsphere Heterojunction for Efficient Photocatalytic CO₂ Reduction. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(10): 2309031-. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202309031
14. [14]
  Yufang GAO , Nan HOU , Yaning LIANG , Ning LI , Yanting ZHANG , Zelong LI , Xiaofeng LI . Nano-thin layer MCM-22 zeolite: Synthesis and catalytic properties of trimethylbenzene isomerization reaction. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(6): 1079-1087. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240036
15. [15]
  Jiaming Xu , Yu Xiang , Weisheng Lin , Zhiwei Miao . Research Progress in the Synthesis of Cyclic Organic Compounds Using Bimetallic Relay Catalytic Strategies. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(3): 239-257. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202309093
16. [16]
  Jie ZHAO , Sen LIU , Qikang YIN , Xiaoqing LU , Zhaojie WANG . Theoretical calculation of selective adsorption and separation of CO₂ by alkali metal modified naphthalene/naphthalenediyne. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(3): 515-522. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20230385
17. [17]
  Jiaxing Cai , Wendi Xu , Haoqiang Chi , Qian Liu , Wa Gao , Li Shi , Jingxiang Low , Zhigang Zou , Yong Zhou . 具有0D/2D界面的InOOH/ZnIn₂S₄空心球S型异质结用于增强光催化CO₂转化性能. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(11): 2407002-. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202407002
18. [18]
  Bing LIU , Huang ZHANG , Hongliang HAN , Changwen HU , Yinglei ZHANG . Visible light degradation of methylene blue from water by triangle Au@TiO₂ mesoporous catalyst. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(5): 941-952. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20230398
19. [19]
  Jinghua Wang , Yanxin Yu , Yanbiao Ren , Yesheng Wang . Integration of Science and Education: Investigation of Tributyl Citrate Synthesis under the Promotion of Hydrate Molten Salts for Research and Innovation Training. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(11): 232-240. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202402057
20. [20]
  Muhammad Humayun , Mohamed Bououdina , Abbas Khan , Sajjad Ali , Chundong Wang . Designing single atom catalysts for exceptional electrochemical CO2 reduction. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2024, 43(1): 100193-100193. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2023.100193

Get Citation

PDF

XML

Metrics

PDF Downloads(0)
Abstract views(536)
HTML views(30)

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

Photothermal Synthesis of Glycerol Carbonate via Glycerol Carbonylation with CO2 over Au/Co3O4-ZnO Catalyst

Metrics

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

Photothermal Synthesis of Glycerol Carbonate via Glycerol Carbonylation with CO₂ over Au/Co₃O₄-ZnO Catalyst