电催化两电子水氧化制备过氧化氢的研究进展

引用本文: 林柳, 孙泽民, 陈华添, 赵莲, 孙明月, 杨逸涛, 廖振升, 吴鑫宇, 李欣欣, 唐城. 电催化两电子水氧化制备过氧化氢的研究进展[J]. 物理化学学报, 2024, 40(4): 230501. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202305019 shu

Citation: Liu Lin, Zemin Sun, Huatian Chen, Lian Zhao, Mingyue Sun, Yitao Yang, Zhensheng Liao, Xinyu Wu, Xinxin Li, Cheng Tang. Recent Advances in Electrocatalytic Two-Electron Water Oxidation for Green H₂O₂ Production[J]. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(4): 230501. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202305019 shu

电催化两电子水氧化制备过氧化氢的研究进展

林柳 ^1, ,
孙泽民 ^{1,
,} ,
陈华添 ^1, ,
赵莲 ^1, ,
孙明月 ^1, ,
杨逸涛 ^1, ,
廖振升 ^1, ,
吴鑫宇 ^1, ,
李欣欣 ^2, ,
唐城 ^{2,
,}

1.
北京师范大学文理学院, 先进材料研究中心, 广东珠海 519087;
2.
清华大学化学工程系, 绿色反应工程与工艺北京市重点实验室, 北京 100084

通讯作者: 孙泽民,Email:zmsun@mail.bnu.edu.cn; 唐城,Email:cheng-net0@tsinghua.edu.cn

基金项目:
广东省自然科学基金(2023A1515010554)资助项目

摘要: 过氧化氢(H₂O₂)是一种环境友好的化学氧化剂，广泛应用于水处理、医疗消毒、化学合成等工业领域。电催化两电子水氧化反应(2e⁻ WOR)是一种可以在温和条件下直接从水中生产H₂O₂的方法。然而，受限于反应机理认识和催化材料设计的不足，2e⁻ WOR的催化选择性和活性仍然较低。本文综述了近年来通过2e⁻ WOR反应路径电合成H₂O₂的研究进展，首先介绍了2e⁻ WOR的催化机理和研究方法，强调了理论计算加速高选择性、高活性和高稳定性催化剂研究的作用，并讨论了电合成H₂O₂的不同定量方法和原位表征手段；然后详细总结了高性能2e⁻ WOR电催化剂的调控策略，包括缺陷、掺杂、晶面和界面工程，同时指出了反应器创新设计的重要性；最后展望了电合成H₂O₂的研究挑战和机遇。

关键词:

English

Recent Advances in Electrocatalytic Two-Electron Water Oxidation for Green H₂O₂ Production

Liu Lin ^1, ,
Zemin Sun ^{1,
,} ,
Huatian Chen ^1, ,
Lian Zhao ^1, ,
Mingyue Sun ^1, ,
Yitao Yang ^1, ,
Zhensheng Liao ^1, ,
Xinyu Wu ^1, ,
Xinxin Li ^2, ,
Cheng Tang ^{2,
,}

1.
Center for Advanced Materials Research, College of Arts and Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, Guangdong Province, China;
2.
Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

Corresponding author: Zemin Sun, ; Cheng Tang,

Received Date: 09 May 2023
Accepted Date: 07 June 2023
Revised Date: 05 June 2023
Available Online: 14 June 2023
Fund Project:
The project was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province, China (2023A1515010554).

Abstract: Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) is an environmentally friendly oxidant that has been widely used in water treatment, medical disinfection, chemical synthesis, and other industrial applications. However, traditional methods used to produce H₂O₂ consume significant amounts of energy and generate hazardous by-products, which limit their scope. On-site and on-demand electrocatalytic two-electron water oxidation chemistry is an attractive option for directly producing H₂O₂ from water; it also avoids the hazardous anthraquinone method, has fewer transportation costs and risks, and is integratable with renewable electricity. Despite these advantages, the two-electron water oxidation reaction (2e^– WOR) still suffers from poor selectivity and activity due to a lack of mechanistic, material-design, and reactor-engineering understanding. This study summarizes recent advances in H₂O₂ electrosynthesis technology using the 2e^– WOR. The catalytic 2e^– WOR mechanism is first introduced with a focus on selectivity, activity, and stability. This reaction involves the electrocatalytic oxidation of water to produce H₂O₂, which can be further oxidized to O₂. Selectivity is influenced by a variety of factors, including the electrocatalyst, pH, and electrolyte. Various quantitative H₂O₂ methods are discussed along with in situ characterization studies into the 2e^– WOR aimed at better understanding the reaction process. Such methods include in situ Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and in situ Raman spectroscopy. Researchers are able to identify reaction intermediates and understand reaction mechanisms better using these techniques, thereby providing guidance for the design of more efficient electrocatalysts. In turn, various strategies for preparing high-performance electrocatalysts are summarized, including defect, doping, facet, and interfacial engineering methods. Mechanism-guided multiscale materials engineering can improve the activities and selectivities of electrocatalysts, thereby increasing H₂O₂ yields. In addition, device-level engineering, especially in relation to reactor and system innovations, is emphasized, which is important for improving reaction efficiency and reducing the cost of the 2e^– WOR. Finally, current challenges and future opportunities in the 2e^– WOR H₂O₂ electrosynthesis field are discussed. More effort directed at improving reaction selectivity, activity, and durability is required, along with exploring suitable application scenarios. The 2e^– WOR is expected to become a more sustainable and efficient method for producing H₂O₂ facilitated by continuing progress in the materials science and electrochemical technology fields.

Key words:

1. [1]
  (1) Xia, C.; Xia, Y.; Zhu, P.; Fan, L.; Wang, H. Science 2019, 366 (6462), 226. doi: 10.1126/science.aay1844(1) Xia, C.; Xia, Y.; Zhu, P.; Fan, L.; Wang, H. Science 2019, 366 (6462), 226. doi: 10.1126/science.aay1844
2. [2]
  (2) Siahrostami, S.; Verdaguer-Casadevall, A.; Karamad, M.; Deiana, D.; Malacrida, P.; Wickman, B.; Escudero-Escribano, M.; Paoli, E. A.; Frydendal, R.; Hansen, T. W.; et al. Nat. Mater. 2013, 12 (12), 1137. doi: 10.1038/nmat3795(2) Siahrostami, S.; Verdaguer-Casadevall, A.; Karamad, M.; Deiana, D.; Malacrida, P.; Wickman, B.; Escudero-Escribano, M.; Paoli, E. A.; Frydendal, R.; Hansen, T. W.; et al. Nat. Mater. 2013, 12 (12), 1137. doi: 10.1038/nmat3795
3. [3]
  (3) Shi, X.; Siahrostami, S.; Li, G. L.; Zhang, Y.; Chakthranont, P.; Studt, F.; Jaramillo, T. F.; Zheng, X.; Nørskov, J. K. Nat. Commun. 2017, 8 (1), 701. doi: 10.1038/s41467-017-00585-6(3) Shi, X.; Siahrostami, S.; Li, G. L.; Zhang, Y.; Chakthranont, P.; Studt, F.; Jaramillo, T. F.; Zheng, X.; Nørskov, J. K. Nat. Commun. 2017, 8 (1), 701. doi: 10.1038/s41467-017-00585-6
4. [4]
  (4) Park, S. Y.; Abroshan, H.; Shi, X.; Jung, H. S.; Siahrostami, S.; Zheng, X. ACS Energy Lett. 2018, 4 (1), 352.(4) Park, S. Y.; Abroshan, H.; Shi, X.; Jung, H. S.; Siahrostami, S.; Zheng, X. ACS Energy Lett. 2018, 4 (1), 352.
5. [5]
  doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.8b02303doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.8b02303
6. [6]
  (5) Campos-Martin, J. M.; Blanco-Brieva, G.; Fierro, J. L. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2006, 45 (42), 6962. doi: 10.1002/anie.200503779(5) Campos-Martin, J. M.; Blanco-Brieva, G.; Fierro, J. L. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2006, 45 (42), 6962. doi: 10.1002/anie.200503779
7. [7]
  (6) Tang, C.; Zheng, Y.; Jaroniec, M.; Qiao, S. Z. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2021, 60 (36), 19572. doi: 10.1002/anie.202101522(6) Tang, C.; Zheng, Y.; Jaroniec, M.; Qiao, S. Z. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2021, 60 (36), 19572. doi: 10.1002/anie.202101522
8. [8]
  (7) Tang, C.; Chen, L.; Li, H.; Li, L.; Jiao, Y.; Zheng, Y.; Xu, H.; Davey, K.; Qiao, S. Z. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2021, 143 (20), 7819. doi: 10.1021/jacs.1c03135(7) Tang, C.; Chen, L.; Li, H.; Li, L.; Jiao, Y.; Zheng, Y.; Xu, H.; Davey, K.; Qiao, S. Z. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2021, 143 (20), 7819. doi: 10.1021/jacs.1c03135
9. [9]
  (8) Chen, Z.; Chen, S.; Siahrostami, S.; Chakthranont, P.; Hahn, C.; Nordlund, D.; Dimosthenis, S.; Nørskov, J. K.; Bao, Z.; Jaramillo, T. F. React. Chem. Eng. 2017, 2 (2), 239. doi: 10.1039/c6re00195e(8) Chen, Z.; Chen, S.; Siahrostami, S.; Chakthranont, P.; Hahn, C.; Nordlund, D.; Dimosthenis, S.; Nørskov, J. K.; Bao, Z.; Jaramillo, T. F. React. Chem. Eng. 2017, 2 (2), 239. doi: 10.1039/c6re00195e
10. [10]
  (9) Tang, C.; Jiao, Y.; Shi, B.; Liu, J. N.; Xie, Z.; Chen, X.; Zhang, Q.; Qiao, S. Z. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2020, 59 (23), 9171. doi: 10.1002/anie.202003842(9) Tang, C.; Jiao, Y.; Shi, B.; Liu, J. N.; Xie, Z.; Chen, X.; Zhang, Q.; Qiao, S. Z. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2020, 59 (23), 9171. doi: 10.1002/anie.202003842
11. [11]
  (10) Shi, X.; Back, S.; Gill, T. M.; Siahrostami, S.; Zheng, X. Chem 2021, 7 (1), 38. doi: 10.1016/j.chempr.2020.09.013(10) Shi, X.; Back, S.; Gill, T. M.; Siahrostami, S.; Zheng, X. Chem 2021, 7 (1), 38. doi: 10.1016/j.chempr.2020.09.013
12. [12]
  (11) Siahrostami, S.; Villegas, S. J.; Bagherzadeh Mostaghimi, A. H.; Back, S.; Farimani, A. B.; Wang, H.; Persson, K. A.; Montoya, J. ACS Catal. 2020, 10 (14), 7495. doi: 10.1021/acscatal.0c01641(11) Siahrostami, S.; Villegas, S. J.; Bagherzadeh Mostaghimi, A. H.; Back, S.; Farimani, A. B.; Wang, H.; Persson, K. A.; Montoya, J. ACS Catal. 2020, 10 (14), 7495. doi: 10.1021/acscatal.0c01641
13. [13]
  (12) Hu, X.; Sun, Z.; Mei, G.; Zhao, X.; Xia, B. Y.; You, B. Adv. Energy Mater. 2022, 12 (32), 2201466. doi: 10.1002/aenm.202201466(12) Hu, X.; Sun, Z.; Mei, G.; Zhao, X.; Xia, B. Y.; You, B. Adv. Energy Mater. 2022, 12 (32), 2201466. doi: 10.1002/aenm.202201466
14. [14]
  (13) Edwards, J. K.; Hutchings, G. J. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2008, 47 (48), 9192. doi: 10.1002/anie.200802818(13) Edwards, J. K.; Hutchings, G. J. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2008, 47 (48), 9192. doi: 10.1002/anie.200802818
15. [15]
  (14) Gao, M.; Wang, W.-K.; Zheng, Y.-M.; Zhao, Q.-B.; Yu, H.-Q. Chem. Eng. J. 2020, 402, 126171. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2020.126171(14) Gao, M.; Wang, W.-K.; Zheng, Y.-M.; Zhao, Q.-B.; Yu, H.-Q. Chem. Eng. J. 2020, 402, 126171. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2020.126171
16. [16]
  (15) Zhang, J.; Zhang, H.; Cheng, M. J.; Lu, Q. Small 2020, 16 (15), e1902845. doi: 10.1002/smll.201902845(15) Zhang, J.; Zhang, H.; Cheng, M. J.; Lu, Q. Small 2020, 16 (15), e1902845. doi: 10.1002/smll.201902845
17. [17]
  (16) Zhao, X.; Yang, H.; Xu, J.; Cheng, T.; Li, Y. ACS Mater. Lett. 2021, 3 (7), 996. doi: 10.1021/acsmaterialslett.1c00263(16) Zhao, X.; Yang, H.; Xu, J.; Cheng, T.; Li, Y. ACS Mater. Lett. 2021, 3 (7), 996. doi: 10.1021/acsmaterialslett.1c00263
18. [18]
  (17) Jiang, Y.; Ni, P.; Chen, C.; Lu, Y.; Yang, P.; Kong, B.; Fisher, A.; Wang, X. Adv. Energy Mater. 2018, 8 (31), 1801909. doi: 10.1002/aenm.201801909(17) Jiang, Y.; Ni, P.; Chen, C.; Lu, Y.; Yang, P.; Kong, B.; Fisher, A.; Wang, X. Adv. Energy Mater. 2018, 8 (31), 1801909. doi: 10.1002/aenm.201801909
19. [19]
  (18) Zhang, J.-Y.; Xia, C.; Wang, H.-F.; Tang, C. J. Energy Chem. 2022, 67, 432. doi: 10.1016/j.jechem.2021.10.013(18) Zhang, J.-Y.; Xia, C.; Wang, H.-F.; Tang, C. J. Energy Chem. 2022, 67, 432. doi: 10.1016/j.jechem.2021.10.013
20. [20]
  (19) Zhao, X.; Yin, Q.; Mao, X.; Cheng, C.; Zhang, L.; Wang, L.; Liu, T. F.; Li, Y.; Li, Y. Nat. Commun. 2022, 13 (1), 2721. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-30523-0(19) Zhao, X.; Yin, Q.; Mao, X.; Cheng, C.; Zhang, L.; Wang, L.; Liu, T. F.; Li, Y.; Li, Y. Nat. Commun. 2022, 13 (1), 2721. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-30523-0
21. [21]
  (20) Jung, E.; Shin, H.; Lee, B. H.; Efremov, V.; Lee, S.; Lee, H. S.; Kim, J.; Hooch Antink, W.; Park, S.; Lee, K. S.; et al. Nat. Mater. 2020, 19 (4), 436. doi: 10.1038/s41563-019-0571-5(20) Jung, E.; Shin, H.; Lee, B. H.; Efremov, V.; Lee, S.; Lee, H. S.; Kim, J.; Hooch Antink, W.; Park, S.; Lee, K. S.; et al. Nat. Mater. 2020, 19 (4), 436. doi: 10.1038/s41563-019-0571-5
22. [22]
  (21) Wen, Y.; Zhang, T.; Wang, J.; Pan, Z.; Wang, T.; Yamashita, H.; Qian, X.; Zhao, Y. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2022, 61 (35), e202205972. doi: 10.1002/anie.202205972(21) Wen, Y.; Zhang, T.; Wang, J.; Pan, Z.; Wang, T.; Yamashita, H.; Qian, X.; Zhao, Y. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2022, 61 (35), e202205972. doi: 10.1002/anie.202205972
23. [23]
  (22) Zheng, Y. R.; Hu, S.; Zhang, X. L.; Ju, H.; Wang, Z.; Tan, P. J.; Wu, R.; Gao, F. Y.; Zhuang, T.; Zheng, X.; et al. Adv. Mater. 2022, 34 (43), e2205414. doi: 10.1002/adma.202205414(22) Zheng, Y. R.; Hu, S.; Zhang, X. L.; Ju, H.; Wang, Z.; Tan, P. J.; Wu, R.; Gao, F. Y.; Zhuang, T.; Zheng, X.; et al. Adv. Mater. 2022, 34 (43), e2205414. doi: 10.1002/adma.202205414
24. [24]
  (23) Sun, Y.; Han, L.; Strasser, P. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2020, 49 (18), 6605. doi: 10.1039/d0cs00458h(23) Sun, Y.; Han, L.; Strasser, P. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2020, 49 (18), 6605. doi: 10.1039/d0cs00458h
25. [25]
  (24) Jing, L.; Tang, C.; Tian, Q.; Liu, T.; Ye, S.; Su, P.; Zheng, Y.; Liu, J. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2021, 13 (33), 39763. doi: 10.1021/acsami.1c11765(24) Jing, L.; Tang, C.; Tian, Q.; Liu, T.; Ye, S.; Su, P.; Zheng, Y.; Liu, J. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2021, 13 (33), 39763. doi: 10.1021/acsami.1c11765
26. [26]
  (25) Zhang, Q.; Zhou, M.; Lang, Z.; Du, X.; Cai, J.; Han, L. Chem. Eng. J. 2021, 413, 127564. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2020.127564(25) Zhang, Q.; Zhou, M.; Lang, Z.; Du, X.; Cai, J.; Han, L. Chem. Eng. J. 2021, 413, 127564. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2020.127564
27. [27]
  (26) Chen, Z.; Geng, S.; Wang, Y.; Wang, Y.; Song, S. Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 2022, 317, 121756. doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2022.121756(26) Chen, Z.; Geng, S.; Wang, Y.; Wang, Y.; Song, S. Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 2022, 317, 121756. doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2022.121756
28. [28]
  (27) Siahrostami, S.; Li, G. L.; Viswanathan, V.; Nørskov, J. K. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2017, 8 (6), 1157. doi: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b02924(27) Siahrostami, S.; Li, G. L.; Viswanathan, V.; Nørskov, J. K. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2017, 8 (6), 1157. doi: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b02924
29. [29]
  (28) Fuku, K.; Miyase, Y.; Miseki, Y.; Gunji, T.; Sayama, K. RSC Adv. 2017, 7 (75), 47619. doi: 10.1039/c7ra09693c(28) Fuku, K.; Miyase, Y.; Miseki, Y.; Gunji, T.; Sayama, K. RSC Adv. 2017, 7 (75), 47619. doi: 10.1039/c7ra09693c
30. [30]
  (29) Liu, Y.; Niu, Z.; Lu, Y.; Zhang, L.; Yan, K. J. Alloy. Compd. 2018, 735, 654. doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.11.181(29) Liu, Y.; Niu, Z.; Lu, Y.; Zhang, L.; Yan, K. J. Alloy. Compd. 2018, 735, 654. doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.11.181
31. [31]
  (30) Zhang, C.; Lu, J.; Liu, C.; Zou, Y.; Yuan, L.; Wang, J.; Yu, C. Environ. Res. 2022, 206, 112290. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112290(30) Zhang, C.; Lu, J.; Liu, C.; Zou, Y.; Yuan, L.; Wang, J.; Yu, C. Environ. Res. 2022, 206, 112290. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112290
32. [32]
  (31) Kelly, S. R.; Shi, X.; Back, S.; Vallez, L.; Park, S. Y.; Siahrostami, S.; Zheng, X.; Nørskov, J. K. ACS Catal. 2019, 9 (5), 4593. doi: 10.1021/acscatal.8b04873(31) Kelly, S. R.; Shi, X.; Back, S.; Vallez, L.; Park, S. Y.; Siahrostami, S.; Zheng, X.; Nørskov, J. K. ACS Catal. 2019, 9 (5), 4593. doi: 10.1021/acscatal.8b04873
33. [33]
  (32) Jimenez-Villegas, S.; Kelly, S. R.; Siahrostami, S. J. Mater. Chem. A 2022, 10 (11), 6115. doi: 10.1039/d1ta07562d(32) Jimenez-Villegas, S.; Kelly, S. R.; Siahrostami, S. J. Mater. Chem. A 2022, 10 (11), 6115. doi: 10.1039/d1ta07562d
34. [34]
  (33) Viswanathan, V.; Hansen, H. A.; Nørskov, J. K. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2015, 6 (21), 4224. doi: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b02178(33) Viswanathan, V.; Hansen, H. A.; Nørskov, J. K. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2015, 6 (21), 4224. doi: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b02178
35. [35]
  (34) Mavrikis, S.; Goltz, M.; Rosiwal, S.; Wang, L.; Ponce de Leon, C. ChemSusChem 2022, 15 (4), e202102137. doi: 10.1002/cssc.202102137(34) Mavrikis, S.; Goltz, M.; Rosiwal, S.; Wang, L.; Ponce de Leon, C. ChemSusChem 2022, 15 (4), e202102137. doi: 10.1002/cssc.202102137
36. [36]
  (35) Espinoza-Montero, P. J.; Alulema-Pullupaxi, P.; Frontana-Uribe, B. A.; Barrera-Diaz, C. E. Curr. Opin. Solid State Mater. Sci. 2022, 26 (3). doi: 10.1016/j.cossms.2022.100988(35) Espinoza-Montero, P. J.; Alulema-Pullupaxi, P.; Frontana-Uribe, B. A.; Barrera-Diaz, C. E. Curr. Opin. Solid State Mater. Sci. 2022, 26 (3). doi: 10.1016/j.cossms.2022.100988
37. [37]
  (36) Xia, C.; Back, S.; Ringe, S.; Jiang, K.; Chen, F.; Sun, X.; Siahrostami, S.; Chan, K.; Wang, H. Nat. Catal. 2020, 3 (2), 125. doi: 10.1038/s41929-019-0402-8(36) Xia, C.; Back, S.; Ringe, S.; Jiang, K.; Chen, F.; Sun, X.; Siahrostami, S.; Chan, K.; Wang, H. Nat. Catal. 2020, 3 (2), 125. doi: 10.1038/s41929-019-0402-8
38. [38]
  (37) Fuku, K.; Miyase, Y.; Miseki, Y.; Gunji, T.; Sayama, K. ChemistrySelect 2016, 1 (18), 5721. doi: 10.1002/slct.201601469(37) Fuku, K.; Miyase, Y.; Miseki, Y.; Gunji, T.; Sayama, K. ChemistrySelect 2016, 1 (18), 5721. doi: 10.1002/slct.201601469
39. [39]
  (38) Shi, X.; Cai, L.; Choi, I. Y.; Ma, M.; Zhang, K.; Zhao, J.; Kim, J. K.; Kim, J. K.; Zheng, X.; Park, J. H. J. Mater. Chem. A 2018, 6 (40), 19542. doi: 10.1039/c8ta04081h(38) Shi, X.; Cai, L.; Choi, I. Y.; Ma, M.; Zhang, K.; Zhao, J.; Kim, J. K.; Kim, J. K.; Zheng, X.; Park, J. H. J. Mater. Chem. A 2018, 6 (40), 19542. doi: 10.1039/c8ta04081h
40. [40]
  (39) Mavrikis, S.; Göltz, M.; Perry, S. C.; Bogdan, F.; Leung, P. K.; Rosiwal, S.; Wang, L.; Ponce de León, C. ACS Energy Lett. 2021, 6 (7), 2369. doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.1c00904(39) Mavrikis, S.; Göltz, M.; Perry, S. C.; Bogdan, F.; Leung, P. K.; Rosiwal, S.; Wang, L.; Ponce de León, C. ACS Energy Lett. 2021, 6 (7), 2369. doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.1c00904
41. [41]
  (40) Mounfield, W. P.; Garg, A.; Shao-Horn, Y.; Román-Leshkov, Y. Chem 2018, 4 (1), 18. doi: 10.1016/j.chempr.2017.12.015(40) Mounfield, W. P.; Garg, A.; Shao-Horn, Y.; Román-Leshkov, Y. Chem 2018, 4 (1), 18. doi: 10.1016/j.chempr.2017.12.015
42. [42]
  (41) Xia, C.; Kim, J. Y.; Wang, H. Nat. Catal. 2020, 3 (8), 605. doi: 10.1038/s41929-020-0486-1(41) Xia, C.; Kim, J. Y.; Wang, H. Nat. Catal. 2020, 3 (8), 605. doi: 10.1038/s41929-020-0486-1
43. [43]
  (42) Gill, T. M.; Vallez, L.; Zheng, X. ACS Energy Lett. 2021, 6 (8), 2854. doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.1c01264(42) Gill, T. M.; Vallez, L.; Zheng, X. ACS Energy Lett. 2021, 6 (8), 2854. doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.1c01264
44. [44]
  (43) Verdaguer-Casadevall, A.; Deiana, D.; Karamad, M.; Siahrostami, S.; Malacrida, P.; Hansen, T. W.; Rossmeisl, J.; Chorkendorff, I.; Stephens, I. E. Nano Lett. 2014, 14 (3), 1603. doi: 10.1021/nl500037x(43) Verdaguer-Casadevall, A.; Deiana, D.; Karamad, M.; Siahrostami, S.; Malacrida, P.; Hansen, T. W.; Rossmeisl, J.; Chorkendorff, I.; Stephens, I. E. Nano Lett. 2014, 14 (3), 1603. doi: 10.1021/nl500037x
45. [45]
  (44) Ando, Y.; Tanaka, T. Int. J. Hydrog. Energy 2004, 29 (13), 1349. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2004.02.001(44) Ando, Y.; Tanaka, T. Int. J. Hydrog. Energy 2004, 29 (13), 1349. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2004.02.001
46. [46]
  (45) Izgorodin, A.; Izgorodina, E.; MacFarlane, D. R. Energy Environ. Sci. 2012, 5 (11), 9496. doi: 10.1039/c2ee21832a(45) Izgorodin, A.; Izgorodina, E.; MacFarlane, D. R. Energy Environ. Sci. 2012, 5 (11), 9496. doi: 10.1039/c2ee21832a
47. [47]
  (46) Fuku, K.; Sayama, K. Chem. Commun. 2016, 52 (31), 5406. doi: 10.1039/c6cc01605g(46) Fuku, K.; Sayama, K. Chem. Commun. 2016, 52 (31), 5406. doi: 10.1039/c6cc01605g
48. [48]
  (47) Mase, K.; Yoneda, M.; Yamada, Y.; Fukuzumi, S. Nat. Commun. 2016, 7, 11470. doi: 10.1038/ncomms11470(47) Mase, K.; Yoneda, M.; Yamada, Y.; Fukuzumi, S. Nat. Commun. 2016, 7, 11470. doi: 10.1038/ncomms11470
49. [49]
  (48) Mase, K.; Yoneda, M.; Yamada, Y.; Fukuzumi, S. ACS Energy Lett. 2016, 1 (5), 913. doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.6b00415(48) Mase, K.; Yoneda, M.; Yamada, Y.; Fukuzumi, S. ACS Energy Lett. 2016, 1 (5), 913. doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.6b00415
50. [50]
  (49) Kuttassery, F.; Mathew, S.; Sagawa, S.; Remello, S. N.; Thomas, A.; Yamamoto, D.; Onuki, S.; Nabetani, Y.; Tachibana, H.; Inoue, H. ChemSusChem 2017, 10 (9), 1909. doi: 10.1002/cssc.201700322(49) Kuttassery, F.; Mathew, S.; Sagawa, S.; Remello, S. N.; Thomas, A.; Yamamoto, D.; Onuki, S.; Nabetani, Y.; Tachibana, H.; Inoue, H. ChemSusChem 2017, 10 (9), 1909. doi: 10.1002/cssc.201700322
51. [51]
  (50) Shi, X.; Zhang, Y.; Siahrostami, S.; Zheng, X. Adv. Energy Mater. 2018, 8 (23), 1801158. doi: 10.1002/aenm.201801158(50) Shi, X.; Zhang, Y.; Siahrostami, S.; Zheng, X. Adv. Energy Mater. 2018, 8 (23), 1801158. doi: 10.1002/aenm.201801158
52. [52]
  (51) Zhang, J.; Chang, X.; Luo, Z.; Wang, T.; Gong, J. Chem. Commun. 2018, 54 (51), 7026. doi: 10.1039/c8cc03303j(51) Zhang, J.; Chang, X.; Luo, Z.; Wang, T.; Gong, J. Chem. Commun. 2018, 54 (51), 7026. doi: 10.1039/c8cc03303j
53. [53]
  (52) Baek, J. H.; Gill, T. M.; Abroshan, H.; Park, S.; Shi, X.; Nørskov, J.; Jung, H. S.; Siahrostami, S.; Zheng, X. ACS Energy Lett. 2019, 4 (3), 720. doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.9b00277(52) Baek, J. H.; Gill, T. M.; Abroshan, H.; Park, S.; Shi, X.; Nørskov, J.; Jung, H. S.; Siahrostami, S.; Zheng, X. ACS Energy Lett. 2019, 4 (3), 720. doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.9b00277
54. [54]
  (53) Liu, Y.; Han, Y.; Zhang, Z.; Zhang, W.; Lai, W.; Wang, Y.; Cao, R. Chem. Sci. 2019, 10 (9), 2613. doi: 10.1039/c8sc04529a(53) Liu, Y.; Han, Y.; Zhang, Z.; Zhang, W.; Lai, W.; Wang, Y.; Cao, R. Chem. Sci. 2019, 10 (9), 2613. doi: 10.1039/c8sc04529a
55. [55]
  (54) Kang, T.; Li, B.; Hao, Q.; Gao, W.; Bin, F.; Hui, K. N.; Fu, D.; Dou, B. ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 2020, 8 (39), 15005. doi: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c05449(54) Kang, T.; Li, B.; Hao, Q.; Gao, W.; Bin, F.; Hui, K. N.; Fu, D.; Dou, B. ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 2020, 8 (39), 15005. doi: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c05449
56. [56]
  (55) Zhang, K.; Liu, J.; Wang, L.; Jin, B.; Yang, X.; Zhang, S.; Park, J. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2020, 142 (19), 8641. doi: 10.1021/jacs.9b13410(55) Zhang, K.; Liu, J.; Wang, L.; Jin, B.; Yang, X.; Zhang, S.; Park, J. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2020, 142 (19), 8641. doi: 10.1021/jacs.9b13410
57. [57]
  (56) Dong, K.; Liang, J.; Wang, Y.; Ren, Y.; Xu, Z.; Zhou, H.; Li, L.; Liu, Q.; Luo, Y.; Li, T.; et al. Chem. Catal. 2021, 1 (7), 1437. doi: 10.1016/j.checat.2021.10.011(56) Dong, K.; Liang, J.; Wang, Y.; Ren, Y.; Xu, Z.; Zhou, H.; Li, L.; Liu, Q.; Luo, Y.; Li, T.; et al. Chem. Catal. 2021, 1 (7), 1437. doi: 10.1016/j.checat.2021.10.011
58. [58]
  (57) Li, L.; Xu, L.; Chan, A. W. M.; Hu, Z.; Wang, Y.; Yu, J. C. Chem. Mater. 2021, 34 (1), 63. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.1c02787(57) Li, L.; Xu, L.; Chan, A. W. M.; Hu, Z.; Wang, Y.; Yu, J. C. Chem. Mater. 2021, 34 (1), 63. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.1c02787
59. [59]
  (58) Sun, Y.; Chen, X.; Ning, S.; Zhou, W.; Yang, Z.; Cui, J.; Wang, D.; Ye, J.; Liu, L. J. Mater. Chem. A 2021, 9 (42), 23994. doi: 10.1039/d1ta06306e(58) Sun, Y.; Chen, X.; Ning, S.; Zhou, W.; Yang, Z.; Cui, J.; Wang, D.; Ye, J.; Liu, L. J. Mater. Chem. A 2021, 9 (42), 23994. doi: 10.1039/d1ta06306e
60. [60]
  (59) Guo, W.; Xie, Y.; Liu, Y.; Shang, S.; Lian, X.; Liu, X. Appl. Surf. Sci. 2022, 606, 155006. doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2022.155006(59) Guo, W.; Xie, Y.; Liu, Y.; Shang, S.; Lian, X.; Liu, X. Appl. Surf. Sci. 2022, 606, 155006. doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2022.155006
61. [61]
  (60) Baek, J.; Jin, Q.; Johnson, N. S.; Jiang, Y.; Ning, R.; Mehta, A.; Siahrostami, S.; Zheng, X. Nat. Commun. 2022, 13 (1), 7256. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-34884-4(60) Baek, J.; Jin, Q.; Johnson, N. S.; Jiang, Y.; Ning, R.; Mehta, A.; Siahrostami, S.; Zheng, X. Nat. Commun. 2022, 13 (1), 7256. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-34884-4
62. [62]
  (61) Fan, L.; Bai, X.; Xia, C.; Zhang, X.; Zhao, X.; Xia, Y.; Wu, Z. Y.; Lu, Y.; Liu, Y.; Wang, H. Nat. Commun. 2022, 13 (1), 2668. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-30251-5(61) Fan, L.; Bai, X.; Xia, C.; Zhang, X.; Zhao, X.; Xia, Y.; Wu, Z. Y.; Lu, Y.; Liu, Y.; Wang, H. Nat. Commun. 2022, 13 (1), 2668. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-30251-5
63. [63]
  (62) Wang, L.; Zhang, J.; Zhang, Y.; Yu, H.; Qu, Y.; Yu, J. Small 2022, 18 (8), e2104561. doi: 10.1002/smll.202104561(62) Wang, L.; Zhang, J.; Zhang, Y.; Yu, H.; Qu, Y.; Yu, J. Small 2022, 18 (8), e2104561. doi: 10.1002/smll.202104561
64. [64]
  (63) Mavrikis, S.; Perry, S. C.; Leung, P. K.; Wang, L.; Ponce de León, C. ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 2020, 9 (1), 76. doi: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c07263(63) Mavrikis, S.; Perry, S. C.; Leung, P. K.; Wang, L.; Ponce de León, C. ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 2020, 9 (1), 76. doi: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c07263
65. [65]
  (64) Perry, S. C.; Pangotra, D.; Vieira, L.; Csepei, L.-I.; Sieber, V.; Wang, L.; Ponce de León, C.; Walsh, F. C. Nat. Rev. Chem. 2019, 3 (7), 442. doi: 10.1038/s41570-019-0110-6(64) Perry, S. C.; Pangotra, D.; Vieira, L.; Csepei, L.-I.; Sieber, V.; Wang, L.; Ponce de León, C.; Walsh, F. C. Nat. Rev. Chem. 2019, 3 (7), 442. doi: 10.1038/s41570-019-0110-6
66. [66]
  (65) Yi, Y.; Wang, L.; Li, G.; Guo, H. Catal. Sci. Technol. 2016, 6 (6), 1593. doi: 10.1039/c5cy01567g(65) Yi, Y.; Wang, L.; Li, G.; Guo, H. Catal. Sci. Technol. 2016, 6 (6), 1593. doi: 10.1039/c5cy01567g
67. [67]
  (66) Li, B.; Li, J.; Rong, Y.; Tian, Y.; Li, J.; Liu, X.; Hao, Q.; Teng, B. Appl. Surf. Sci. 2022, 598, 153832. doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2022.153832(66) Li, B.; Li, J.; Rong, Y.; Tian, Y.; Li, J.; Liu, X.; Hao, Q.; Teng, B. Appl. Surf. Sci. 2022, 598, 153832. doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2022.153832
68. [68]
  (67) Chen, L.; Wang, L.; Wan, Y.; Zhang, Y.; Qi, Z.; Wu, X.; Xu, H. Adv. Mater. 2020, 32 (2), e1904433. doi: 10.1002/adma.201904433(67) Chen, L.; Wang, L.; Wan, Y.; Zhang, Y.; Qi, Z.; Wu, X.; Xu, H. Adv. Mater. 2020, 32 (2), e1904433. doi: 10.1002/adma.201904433
69. [69]
  (68) Zhang, C.; Dai, Y.; Sun, Q.; Ye, C.; Lu, R.; Zhou, Y.; Zhao, Y. Mater. Today Adv. 2022, 16, 100280. doi: 10.1016/j.mtadv.2022.100280(68) Zhang, C.; Dai, Y.; Sun, Q.; Ye, C.; Lu, R.; Zhou, Y.; Zhao, Y. Mater. Today Adv. 2022, 16, 100280. doi: 10.1016/j.mtadv.2022.100280
70. [70]
  (69) Geng, X.; Wang, L.; Zhang, L.; Wang, H.; Peng, Y.; Bian, Z. Chem. Eng. J. 2021, 420, 129722. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2021.129722(69) Geng, X.; Wang, L.; Zhang, L.; Wang, H.; Peng, Y.; Bian, Z. Chem. Eng. J. 2021, 420, 129722. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2021.129722
71. [71]
  (70) Shao, Y.; Hu, J.; Yang, T.; Yang, X.; Qu, J.; Xu, Q.; Li, C. M. Carbon 2022, 190, 337. doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2022.01.019(70) Shao, Y.; Hu, J.; Yang, T.; Yang, X.; Qu, J.; Xu, Q.; Li, C. M. Carbon 2022, 190, 337. doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2022.01.019
72. [72]
  (71) Sun, H.; Gao, N.; Dong, K.; Ren, J.; Qu, X. ACS Nano 2014, 8 (6), 6202. doi: 10.1021/nn501640q(71) Sun, H.; Gao, N.; Dong, K.; Ren, J.; Qu, X. ACS Nano 2014, 8 (6), 6202. doi: 10.1021/nn501640q
73. [73]
  (72) Cardoso, I. M. F.; Cardoso, R. M. F.; da Silva, J. Nanomater. 2021, 11 (8), 2045. doi: 10.3390/nano11082045(72) Cardoso, I. M. F.; Cardoso, R. M. F.; da Silva, J. Nanomater. 2021, 11 (8), 2045. doi: 10.3390/nano11082045
74. [74]
  (73) Wu, W.; Huang, L.; Li, Y.; Li, M.; Chen, Y.; Yang, Y.; Chen, X.; Wu, Y.; Gu, L.; Cao, X. Adv. Mater. Technol. 2022, 7 (3), 2100708. doi: 10.1002/admt.202100708(73) Wu, W.; Huang, L.; Li, Y.; Li, M.; Chen, Y.; Yang, Y.; Chen, X.; Wu, Y.; Gu, L.; Cao, X. Adv. Mater. Technol. 2022, 7 (3), 2100708. doi: 10.1002/admt.202100708
75. [75]
  (74) Pan, H.; Gao, Y.; Li, N.; Zhou, Y.; Lin, Q.; Jiang, J. Chem. Eng. J. 2021, 408, 127332. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2020.127332(74) Pan, H.; Gao, Y.; Li, N.; Zhou, Y.; Lin, Q.; Jiang, J. Chem. Eng. J. 2021, 408, 127332. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2020.127332
76. [76]
  (75) Bokare, A. D.; Choi, W. J. Hazard. Mater. 2014, 275, 121. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.04.054(75) Bokare, A. D.; Choi, W. J. Hazard. Mater. 2014, 275, 121. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.04.054
77. [77]
  (76) Yang, Y.; Pignatello, J. J.; Ma, J.; Mitch, W. A. Water Res. 2016, 89, 192. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.11.049(76) Yang, Y.; Pignatello, J. J.; Ma, J.; Mitch, W. A. Water Res. 2016, 89, 192. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.11.049
78. [78]
  (77) Xiao, Y.; Zhang, L.; Zhang, W.; Lim, K. Y.; Webster, R. D.; Lim, T. T. Water Res. 2016, 102, 629. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.07.004(77) Xiao, Y.; Zhang, L.; Zhang, W.; Lim, K. Y.; Webster, R. D.; Lim, T. T. Water Res. 2016, 102, 629. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.07.004
79. [79]
  (78) Luo, C.; Ma, J.; Jiang, J.; Liu, Y.; Song, Y.; Yang, Y.; Guan, Y.; Wu, D. Water Res. 2015, 80, 99. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.05.019(78) Luo, C.; Ma, J.; Jiang, J.; Liu, Y.; Song, Y.; Yang, Y.; Guan, Y.; Wu, D. Water Res. 2015, 80, 99. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.05.019
80. [80]
  (79) Attri, P.; Kim, Y. H.; Park, D. H.; Park, J. H.; Hong, Y. J.; Uhm, H. S.; Kim, K. N.; Fridman, A.; Choi, E. H. Sci. Rep. 2015, 5, 9332. doi: 10.1038/srep09332(79) Attri, P.; Kim, Y. H.; Park, D. H.; Park, J. H.; Hong, Y. J.; Uhm, H. S.; Kim, K. N.; Fridman, A.; Choi, E. H. Sci. Rep. 2015, 5, 9332. doi: 10.1038/srep09332
81. [81]
  (80) Scherer, N. F.; Zewail, A. H. J. Chem. Phys. 1987, 87 (1), 97. doi: 10.1063/1.453529(80) Scherer, N. F.; Zewail, A. H. J. Chem. Phys. 1987, 87 (1), 97. doi: 10.1063/1.453529
82. [82]
  (81) Kim, M. S.; Lee, C.; Kim, J. H. Water Res. 2021, 201, 117338. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117338(81) Kim, M. S.; Lee, C.; Kim, J. H. Water Res. 2021, 201, 117338. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117338
83. [83]
  (82) Sun, Z.; Lin, L.; He, J.; Ding, D.; Wang, T.; Li, J.; Li, M.; Liu, Y.; Li, Y.; Yuan, M.; et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2022, 144 (18), 8204. doi: 10.1021/jacs.2c01153(82) Sun, Z.; Lin, L.; He, J.; Ding, D.; Wang, T.; Li, J.; Li, M.; Liu, Y.; Li, Y.; Yuan, M.; et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2022, 144 (18), 8204. doi: 10.1021/jacs.2c01153
84. [84]
  (83) Bajdich, M.; Garcia-Mota, M.; Vojvodic, A.; Nørskov, J. K.; Bell, A. T. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135 (36), 13521. doi: 10.1021/ja405997s(83) Bajdich, M.; Garcia-Mota, M.; Vojvodic, A.; Nørskov, J. K.; Bell, A. T. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135 (36), 13521. doi: 10.1021/ja405997s
85. [85]
  (84) Rossmeisl, J.; Qu, Z. W.; Zhu, H.; Kroes, G. J.; Nørskov, J. K. J. Electroanal. Chem. 2007, 607 (1–2), 83. doi: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2006.11.008(84) Rossmeisl, J.; Qu, Z. W.; Zhu, H.; Kroes, G. J.; Nørskov, J. K. J. Electroanal. Chem. 2007, 607 (1–2), 83. doi: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2006.11.008
86. [86]
  (85) Exner, K. S. ChemCatChem 2020, 12 (7), 2000. doi: 10.1002/cctc.201902363(85) Exner, K. S. ChemCatChem 2020, 12 (7), 2000. doi: 10.1002/cctc.201902363
87. [87]
  (86) Kim, J. S.; Kim, B.; Kim, H.; Kang, K. Adv. Energy Mater. 2018, 8 (11), 1702774. doi: 10.1002/aenm.201702774(86) Kim, J. S.; Kim, B.; Kim, H.; Kang, K. Adv. Energy Mater. 2018, 8 (11), 1702774. doi: 10.1002/aenm.201702774
88. [88]
  (87) Pang, Y.; Xie, H.; Sun, Y.; Titirici, M.-M.; Chai, G.-L. J. Mater. Chem. A 2020, 8 (47), 24996. doi: 10.1039/d0ta09122g(87) Pang, Y.; Xie, H.; Sun, Y.; Titirici, M.-M.; Chai, G.-L. J. Mater. Chem. A 2020, 8 (47), 24996. doi: 10.1039/d0ta09122g
89. [89]
  (88) Li, L.; Hu, Z.; Yu, J. C. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2020, 59 (46), 20538. doi: 10.1002/anie.202008031(88) Li, L.; Hu, Z.; Yu, J. C. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2020, 59 (46), 20538. doi: 10.1002/anie.202008031
90. [90]
  (89) Guo, W.; Xie, Y.; Tang, S.; Yu, B.; Lian, X.; Henkelman, G.; Liu, X. Appl. Surf. Sci. 2022, 596, 153634. doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2022.153634(89) Guo, W.; Xie, Y.; Tang, S.; Yu, B.; Lian, X.; Henkelman, G.; Liu, X. Appl. Surf. Sci. 2022, 596, 153634. doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2022.153634
91. [91]
  (90) Nadar, A.; Gupta, S. S.; Kar, Y.; Shetty, S.; van Bavel, A. P.; Khushalani, D. J. Phys. Chem. C 2020, 124 (7), 4152. doi: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b11418(90) Nadar, A.; Gupta, S. S.; Kar, Y.; Shetty, S.; van Bavel, A. P.; Khushalani, D. J. Phys. Chem. C 2020, 124 (7), 4152. doi: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b11418
92. [92]
  (91) Chaudhary, P.; Evazzade, I.; Belosludov, R.; Alexandrov, V. ChemCatChem 2023, 15 (10), e202300055. doi: 10.1002/cctc.202300055(91) Chaudhary, P.; Evazzade, I.; Belosludov, R.; Alexandrov, V. ChemCatChem 2023, 15 (10), e202300055. doi: 10.1002/cctc.202300055
93. [93]
  (92) Huang, Z.-F.; Song, J.; Dou, S.; Li, X.; Wang, J.; Wang, X. Matter 2019, 1 (6), 1494. doi: 10.1016/j.matt.2019.09.011(92) Huang, Z.-F.; Song, J.; Dou, S.; Li, X.; Wang, J.; Wang, X. Matter 2019, 1 (6), 1494. doi: 10.1016/j.matt.2019.09.011
94. [94]
  (93) Toma, F. M.; Cooper, J. K.; Kunzelmann, V.; McDowell, M. T.; Yu, J.; Larson, D. M.; Borys, N. J.; Abelyan, C.; Beeman, J. W.; Yu, K. M.; et al. Nat. Commun. 2016, 7, 12012. doi: 10.1038/ncomms12012(93) Toma, F. M.; Cooper, J. K.; Kunzelmann, V.; McDowell, M. T.; Yu, J.; Larson, D. M.; Borys, N. J.; Abelyan, C.; Beeman, J. W.; Yu, K. M.; et al. Nat. Commun. 2016, 7, 12012. doi: 10.1038/ncomms12012
95. [95]
  (94) Singh, A. K.; Zhou, L.; Shinde, A.; Suram, S. K.; Montoya, J. H.; Winston, D.; Gregoire, J. M.; Persson, K. A. Chem. Mater. 2017, 29 (23), 10159. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.7b03980(94) Singh, A. K.; Zhou, L.; Shinde, A.; Suram, S. K.; Montoya, J. H.; Winston, D.; Gregoire, J. M.; Persson, K. A. Chem. Mater. 2017, 29 (23), 10159. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.7b03980
96. [96]
  (95) Gill, T. M.; Zheng, X. Chem. Mater. 2020, 32 (15), 6285. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.0c02010(95) Gill, T. M.; Zheng, X. Chem. Mater. 2020, 32 (15), 6285. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.0c02010
97. [97]
  (96) Zhang, C.; Lu, R.; Liu, C.; Yuan, L.; Wang, J.; Zhao, Y.; Yu, C. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2021, 31 (26), 2100099. doi: 10.1002/adfm.202100099(96) Zhang, C.; Lu, R.; Liu, C.; Yuan, L.; Wang, J.; Zhao, Y.; Yu, C. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2021, 31 (26), 2100099. doi: 10.1002/adfm.202100099
98. [98]
  (97) Zhang, Q.; Tan, X.; Bedford, N. M.; Han, Z.; Thomsen, L.; Smith, S.; Amal, R.; Lu, X. Nat. Commun. 2020, 11 (1), 4181. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-17782-5(97) Zhang, Q.; Tan, X.; Bedford, N. M.; Han, Z.; Thomsen, L.; Smith, S.; Amal, R.; Lu, X. Nat. Commun. 2020, 11 (1), 4181. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-17782-5
99. [99]
  (98) Sheng, H.; Janes, A. N.; Ross, R. D.; Kaiman, D.; Huang, J.; Song, B.; Schmidt, J. R.; Jin, S. Energy Environ. Sci. 2020, 13 (11), 4189. doi: 10.1039/d0ee01925a(98) Sheng, H.; Janes, A. N.; Ross, R. D.; Kaiman, D.; Huang, J.; Song, B.; Schmidt, J. R.; Jin, S. Energy Environ. Sci. 2020, 13 (11), 4189. doi: 10.1039/d0ee01925a
100. [100]
  (99) Li, H.; Wen, P.; Itanze, D. S.; Hood, Z. D.; Adhikari, S.; Lu, C.; Ma, X.; Dun, C.; Jiang, L.; Carroll, D. L.; et al. Nat. Commun. 2020, 11 (1), 3928. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-175(99) Li, H.; Wen, P.; Itanze, D. S.; Hood, Z. D.; Adhikari, S.; Lu, C.; Ma, X.; Dun, C.; Jiang, L.; Carroll, D. L.; et al. Nat. Commun. 2020, 11 (1), 3928. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-175
101. [101]
  (100) Wang, L.; Lu, Y.; Han, N.; Dong, C.; Lin, C.; Lu, S.; Min, Y.; Zhang, K. Small 2021, 17 (13), e2100400. doi: 10.1002/smll.202100400(100) Wang, L.; Lu, Y.; Han, N.; Dong, C.; Lin, C.; Lu, S.; Min, Y.; Zhang, K. Small 2021, 17 (13), e2100400. doi: 10.1002/smll.202100400
102. [102]
  (101) Chen, Z.; Jiang, S.; Kang, G.; Nguyen, D.; Schatz, G. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2019, 141 (39), 15684. doi: 10.1021/jacs.9b07979(101) Chen, Z.; Jiang, S.; Kang, G.; Nguyen, D.; Schatz, G. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2019, 141 (39), 15684. doi: 10.1021/jacs.9b07979
103. [103]
  (102) Deng, Y.; Yeo, B. S. ACS Catal. 2017, 7 (11), 7873. doi: 10.1021/acscatal.7b02561(102) Deng, Y.; Yeo, B. S. ACS Catal. 2017, 7 (11), 7873. doi: 10.1021/acscatal.7b02561
104. [104]
  (103) Yang, X.; Nash, J.; Anibal, J.; Dunwell, M.; Kattel, S.; Stavitski, E.; Attenkofer, K.; Chen, J. G.; Yan, Y.; Xu, B. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2018, 140 (41), 13387. doi: 10.1021/jacs.8b08379(103) Yang, X.; Nash, J.; Anibal, J.; Dunwell, M.; Kattel, S.; Stavitski, E.; Attenkofer, K.; Chen, J. G.; Yan, Y.; Xu, B. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2018, 140 (41), 13387. doi: 10.1021/jacs.8b08379
105. [105]
  (104) Kakizaki, H.; Ooka, H.; Hayashi, T.; Yamaguchi, A.; Bonnet‐Mercier, N.; Hashimoto, K.; Nakamura, R. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2018, 28 (24), 1706319. doi: 10.1002/adfm.201706319(104) Kakizaki, H.; Ooka, H.; Hayashi, T.; Yamaguchi, A.; Bonnet‐Mercier, N.; Hashimoto, K.; Nakamura, R. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2018, 28 (24), 1706319. doi: 10.1002/adfm.201706319
106. [106]
  (105) Ibrahim, K. B.; Tsai, M. C.; Chala, S. A.; Berihun, M. K.; Kahsay, A. W.; Berhe, T. A.; Su, W. N.; Hwang, B. J. J. Chin. Chem. Soc. 2019, 66 (8), 829. doi: 10.1002/jccs.201900001(105) Ibrahim, K. B.; Tsai, M. C.; Chala, S. A.; Berihun, M. K.; Kahsay, A. W.; Berhe, T. A.; Su, W. N.; Hwang, B. J. J. Chin. Chem. Soc. 2019, 66 (8), 829. doi: 10.1002/jccs.201900001
107. [107]
  (106) Sun, Y.; Gao, S.; Lei, F.; Liu, J.; Liang, L.; Xie, Y. Chem. Sci. 2014, 5 (10), 3976. doi: 10.1039/c4sc00565a(106) Sun, Y.; Gao, S.; Lei, F.; Liu, J.; Liang, L.; Xie, Y. Chem. Sci. 2014, 5 (10), 3976. doi: 10.1039/c4sc00565a
108. [108]
  (107) Sun, Y.; Gao, S.; Lei, F.; Xie, Y. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2015, 44 (3), 623. doi: 10.1039/c4cs00236a(107) Sun, Y.; Gao, S.; Lei, F.; Xie, Y. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2015, 44 (3), 623. doi: 10.1039/c4cs00236a
109. [109]
  (108) Yang, C.; Zhu, Y.; Liu, J.; Qin, Y.; Wang, H.; Liu, H.; Chen, Y.; Zhang, Z.; Hu, W. Nano Energy 2020, 77, 105126. doi: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2020.105126(108) Yang, C.; Zhu, Y.; Liu, J.; Qin, Y.; Wang, H.; Liu, H.; Chen, Y.; Zhang, Z.; Hu, W. Nano Energy 2020, 77, 105126. doi: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2020.105126
110. [110]
  (109) Zhang, J.; Zhang, J.; He, F.; Chen, Y.; Zhu, J.; Wang, D.; Mu, S.; Yang, H. Y. Nanomicro. Lett. 2021, 13 (1), 65. doi: 10.1007/s40820-020-00579-y(109) Zhang, J.; Zhang, J.; He, F.; Chen, Y.; Zhu, J.; Wang, D.; Mu, S.; Yang, H. Y. Nanomicro. Lett. 2021, 13 (1), 65. doi: 10.1007/s40820-020-00579-y
111. [111]
  (110) Yan, D.; Li, Y.; Huo, J.; Chen, R.; Dai, L.; Wang, S. Adv. Mater. 2017, 29 (48), 1606459. doi: 10.1002/adma.201606459(110) Yan, D.; Li, Y.; Huo, J.; Chen, R.; Dai, L.; Wang, S. Adv. Mater. 2017, 29 (48), 1606459. doi: 10.1002/adma.201606459
112. [112]
  (111) Jiang, H.; Gu, J.; Zheng, X.; Liu, M.; Qiu, X.; Wang, L.; Li, W.; Chen, Z.; Ji, X.; Li, J. Energy Eniron. Sci. 2019, 12 (1), 322. doi: 10.1039/c8ee03276a(111) Jiang, H.; Gu, J.; Zheng, X.; Liu, M.; Qiu, X.; Wang, L.; Li, W.; Chen, Z.; Ji, X.; Li, J. Energy Eniron. Sci. 2019, 12 (1), 322. doi: 10.1039/c8ee03276a
113. [113]
  (112) Anantharaj, S.; Kundu, S.; Noda, S. Nano Energy 2021, 80, 105514. doi: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2020.105514(112) Anantharaj, S.; Kundu, S.; Noda, S. Nano Energy 2021, 80, 105514. doi: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2020.105514
114. [114]
  (113) Sun, Y.; Li, R.; Chen, X.; Wu, J.; Xie, Y.; Wang, X.; Ma, K.; Wang, L.; Zhang, Z.; Liao, Q.; et al. Adv. Energy Mater. 2021, 11 (12), 2003755. doi: 10.1002/aenm.202003755(113) Sun, Y.; Li, R.; Chen, X.; Wu, J.; Xie, Y.; Wang, X.; Ma, K.; Wang, L.; Zhang, Z.; Liao, Q.; et al. Adv. Energy Mater. 2021, 11 (12), 2003755. doi: 10.1002/aenm.202003755
115. [115]
  (114) Böhm, D.; Beetz, M.; Schuster, M.; Peters, K.; Hufnagel, A. G.; Döblinger, M.; Böller, B.; Bein, T.; Fattakhova‐Rohlfing, D. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2019, 30 (1), 1906670. doi: 10.1002/adfm.201906670(114) Böhm, D.; Beetz, M.; Schuster, M.; Peters, K.; Hufnagel, A. G.; Döblinger, M.; Böller, B.; Bein, T.; Fattakhova‐Rohlfing, D. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2019, 30 (1), 1906670. doi: 10.1002/adfm.201906670
116. [116]
  (115) Li, N.; Bediako, D. K.; Hadt, R. G.; Hayes, D.; Kempa, T. J.; von Cube, F.; Bell, D. C.; Chen, L. X.; Nocera, D. G. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 2017, 114 (7), 1486. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1620787114(115) Li, N.; Bediako, D. K.; Hadt, R. G.; Hayes, D.; Kempa, T. J.; von Cube, F.; Bell, D. C.; Chen, L. X.; Nocera, D. G. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 2017, 114 (7), 1486. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1620787114
117. [117]
  (116) Xue, S. G.; Tang, L.; Tang, Y. K.; Li, C. X.; Li, M. L.; Zhou, J. J.; Chen, W.; Zhu, F.; Jiang, J. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2020, 12 (4), 4423. doi: 10.1021/acsami.9b16937(116) Xue, S. G.; Tang, L.; Tang, Y. K.; Li, C. X.; Li, M. L.; Zhou, J. J.; Chen, W.; Zhu, F.; Jiang, J. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2020, 12 (4), 4423. doi: 10.1021/acsami.9b16937
118. [118]
  (117) Zhang, K.; Lu, Y.; Zou, Q.; Jin, J.; Cho, Y.; Wang, Y.; Zhang, Y.; Park, J. H. ACS Energy Lett. 2021, 6 (11), 4071. doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.1c01831(117) Zhang, K.; Lu, Y.; Zou, Q.; Jin, J.; Cho, Y.; Wang, Y.; Zhang, Y.; Park, J. H. ACS Energy Lett. 2021, 6 (11), 4071. doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.1c01831
119. [119]
  (118) Cheng, M.; Li, Z.; Xu, T.; Mao, Y.; Zhang, Y.; Zhang, G.; Yan, Z. Electrochim. Acta 2022, 430, 141091. doi: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.141091(118) Cheng, M.; Li, Z.; Xu, T.; Mao, Y.; Zhang, Y.; Zhang, G.; Yan, Z. Electrochim. Acta 2022, 430, 141091. doi: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.141091
120. [120]
  (119) Shan, J.; Zheng, Y.; Shi, B.; Davey, K.; Qiao, S.-Z. ACS Energy Lett. 2019, 4 (11), 2719. doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.9b01758(119) Shan, J.; Zheng, Y.; Shi, B.; Davey, K.; Qiao, S.-Z. ACS Energy Lett. 2019, 4 (11), 2719. doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.9b01758
121. [121]
  (120) Luo, X.; Ji, P.; Wang, P.; Cheng, R.; Chen, D.; Lin, C.; Zhang, J.; He, J.; Shi, Z.; Li, N.; et al. Adv. Energy Mater. 2020, 10 (17), 1903891. doi: 10.1002/aenm.201903891(120) Luo, X.; Ji, P.; Wang, P.; Cheng, R.; Chen, D.; Lin, C.; Zhang, J.; He, J.; Shi, Z.; Li, N.; et al. Adv. Energy Mater. 2020, 10 (17), 1903891. doi: 10.1002/aenm.201903891
122. [122]
  (121) Zhang, J.; Wang, T.; Pohl, D.; Rellinghaus, B.; Dong, R.; Liu, S.; Zhuang, X.; Feng, X. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2016, 55 (23), 6702. doi: 10.1002/anie.201602237(121) Zhang, J.; Wang, T.; Pohl, D.; Rellinghaus, B.; Dong, R.; Liu, S.; Zhuang, X.; Feng, X. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2016, 55 (23), 6702. doi: 10.1002/anie.201602237
123. [123]
  (122) Liu, Y.; Jiang, S.; Li, S.; Zhou, L.; Li, Z.; Li, J.; Shao, M. Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 2019, 247, 107. doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2019.01.094(122) Liu, Y.; Jiang, S.; Li, S.; Zhou, L.; Li, Z.; Li, J.; Shao, M. Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 2019, 247, 107. doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2019.01.094
124. [124]
  (123) Li, Z.; Zhang, X.; Kang, Y.; Yu, C. C.; Wen, Y.; Hu, M.; Meng, D.; Song, W.; Yang, Y. Adv. Sci. 2021, 8 (2), 2002631. doi: 10.1002/advs.202002631(123) Li, Z.; Zhang, X.; Kang, Y.; Yu, C. C.; Wen, Y.; Hu, M.; Meng, D.; Song, W.; Yang, Y. Adv. Sci. 2021, 8 (2), 2002631. doi: 10.1002/advs.202002631
125. [125]
  (124) Young, M. N.; Links, M. J.; Popat, S. C.; Rittmann, B. E.; Torres, C. I. ChemSusChem 2016, 9 (23), 3345. doi: 0.1002/cssc.201601182(124) Young, M. N.; Links, M. J.; Popat, S. C.; Rittmann, B. E.; Torres, C. I. ChemSusChem 2016, 9 (23), 3345. doi: 0.1002/cssc.201601182

扫一扫看文章

计量

PDF下载量: 6
文章访问数: 499
HTML全文浏览量: 60

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

电催化两电子水氧化制备过氧化氢的研究进展

通讯作者: 孙泽民,Email:zmsun@mail.bnu.edu.cn; 唐城,Email:cheng-net0@tsinghua.edu.cn

English

Recent Advances in Electrocatalytic Two-Electron Water Oxidation for Green H₂O₂ Production

Corresponding author: Zemin Sun, ; Cheng Tang,

CCS Chemistry：嵌段共聚物自组装成 “三明治”二维有机材料，实现纳米级压力传感功能

CCS Chemistry：颜徐州、鲍哲南：你的皮肤可能是一片SPMs

CCS Chemistry：工作高效不疲劳，只须让催化剂动起来

CCS Chemistry：静电组装导向聚合- 聚电解质纳米凝胶量化制备新策略

CCS Chemistry：金黄色葡萄球菌醛基脱氢酶是如何识别特异性底物的？

计量

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

中国化学会秘书处

电催化两电子水氧化制备过氧化氢的研究进展

通讯作者: 孙泽民,Email:zmsun@mail.bnu.edu.cn; 唐城,Email:cheng-net0@tsinghua.edu.cn

English

Recent Advances in Electrocatalytic Two-Electron Water Oxidation for Green H2O2 Production

Corresponding author: Zemin Sun, ; Cheng Tang,

CCS Chemistry：嵌段共聚物自组装成 “三明治”二维有机材料，实现纳米级压力传感功能

CCS Chemistry：颜徐州、鲍哲南： 你的皮肤可能是一片SPMs

CCS Chemistry：工作高效不疲劳，只须让催化剂动起来

CCS Chemistry：静电组装导向聚合- 聚电解质纳米凝胶量化制备新策略

CCS Chemistry：金黄色葡萄球菌醛基脱氢酶是如何识别特异性底物的？

计量

文章相关

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

中国化学会秘书处

Recent Advances in Electrocatalytic Two-Electron Water Oxidation for Green H₂O₂ Production

CCS Chemistry：颜徐州、鲍哲南：你的皮肤可能是一片SPMs