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Citation: Jia Wang,  Qing Qin,  Zhe Wang,  Xuhao Zhao,  Yunfei Chen,  Liqiang Hou,  Shangguo Liu,  Xien Liu. P-Doped Carbon-Supported ZnxPyOz for Efficient Ammonia Electrosynthesis under Ambient Conditions[J]. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, ;2024, 40(3): 230404. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202304044 shu

P-Doped Carbon-Supported ZnxPyOz for Efficient Ammonia Electrosynthesis under Ambient Conditions

  • College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, Shandong Province, China

  • Corresponding author: Qing Qin,  Xien Liu, 
  • Received Date: 24 April 2023
    Revised Date: 13 June 2023
    Accepted Date: 14 June 2023

    Fund Project: The project was supported by the Taishan Scholar Program of Shandong Province (ts201712045, tsqn202211162), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22102079), and the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2021YQ10).

  • The development of efficient synthetic routes for ammonia (NH3) production is the cornerstone of the modern industrial processes and human survival. Owing to the chemical inertness of nitrogen, the current ammonia industry suffers from high energy consumption and high CO2 emission. Electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) provides a promising alternative to the energy-intensive Haber-Bosch (HB) process, enabling green and sustainable NH3 production. However, a low NH3 yield and limited energy conversion efficiency due to the chemical inertness of N2 and competitive hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) are still critical challenges in artificial nitrogen fixation using the electrochemical NRR. Herein, we report a hole-enriched P-doped carbon (PC)-supported Zn3(PO4)2/Zn2P2O7 nanocomposite (h-PC/Zn3(PO4)2/Zn2P2O7) for efficient electrocatalytic conversion of N2 to NH3 in both acidic and neutral media. Remarkably, the unique hierarchical porous structure of the h-PC/Zn3(PO4)2/Zn2P2O7 catalyst improves the surface roughness and facilitates the diffusion of N2 within the catalyst layer, thereby prolonging the residence time of N2 and improving the utilization of active sites. The uniform distribution of multiple components modulates the electronic structure of the active sites and optimizes the adsorption behavior of various reaction intermediates, enhancing the intrinsic activity of the catalyst. Benefiting from the porous structure and multicomponent active sites, including the Zn species and PC, the h-PC/Zn3(PO4)2/Zn2P2O7 achieves an excellent NRR performance with an NH3 yield rate of 38.7 ± 1.2 μg·h-1·mgcat-1 and Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 19.8% ± 0.9% at -0.2 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) in 0.1 mol·L-1 HCl electrolyte. Moreover, it delivers a high NH3 yield rate of 17.1 ± 0.8 μg·h-1·mgcat-1 with an FE of 15.9% ± 0.6% at -0.2 V vs. RHE in 0.1 mol·L-1 Na2SO4 solution, which is superior to those of PC/Zn3P2, C/ZnO, and many other non-noble-metal-based electrocatalysts. Ex situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies were conducted to monitor the changes in the composition and structure of h-PC/Zn3(PO4)2/Zn2P2O7 after being used in NRR. In particular, a new signal of N appeared in the XPS profile after NRR, confirming the occurrence of NRR. This work provides a new strategy for synchronously constructing mass transfer channels and coupling different active sites to synergistically enhance the NRR activity and selectivity of a catalyst, which is of great significance in progressing the industrialization of green ammonia production.
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