Citation: Qiuying Xia, Yu Cai, Wei Liu, Jinshi Wang, Chuanzhi Wu, Feng Zan, Jing Xu, Hui Xia. Direct Recycling of All-Solid-State Thin Film Lithium Batteries with Lithium Anode Failure[J]. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, ;2023, 39(8): 221205. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202212051 shu

Direct Recycling of All-Solid-State Thin Film Lithium Batteries with Lithium Anode Failure

School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China

Corresponding author: Hui Xia, xiahui@njust.edu.cn
Received Date: 29 December 2022
Revised Date: 24 January 2023
Accepted Date: 29 January 2023
Available Online: 9 February 2023
Fund Project: the National Key R&D Program of China 2020YFB2007400the National Natural Science Foundation of China 52002183the National Natural Science Foundation of China 52272218the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation 2021M700073

All-solid-state thin film lithium batteries (TFBs) are regarded as the ideal power source for microelectronics in the upcoming era of the Internet of Things, owing to their solid-state architecture, flexible size and shape, long cycle life, low self-discharge rate, and facile miniaturization. Even though tremendous improvements have been made in TFBs in the last decades, recycling of TFBs, which is supposed to be a serious issue in the future, is rarely studied. With continuous TFB market expansion, the sustainable development of TFBs is becoming an increasingly important research topic. To date, Li anode failure has been regarded as the most common reason for the failure of TFBs due to the following aspects of Li metal anode: strong reactivity with moisture, large volume change during cycling, and inevitable dendrite growth during Li plating. In this work, a facile recycling strategy is developed based on the most commonly used TFBs of LiCoO₂ (LCO)/lithium phosphorus oxynitride (LiPON)/Li (F-TFB). Our findings indicate that the Li anode in F-TFB is partially oxidized during cycling with noticeable surface morphology change, which leads to an obvious increase in Li/LiPON interfacial resistance associated with rapid capacity loss. To directly recycle the F-TFB, we developed a simple method to remove the spent Li anode by dissolving the metallic Li metal of the F-TFB in an ethanol solution. The efficient dissolution of metallic Li allows the oxidized Li residues to be easily wiped away from the surface of the LiPON electrolyte film with the assistance of a dust-free cloth, resulting in the rapid recycling of the underlying LCO/LiPON film. Structural and surface characterization results indicate that the obtained LCO/LiPON which was part of the failed F-TFB remains in a good condition without structural degradation, which enables its direct reuse in fabricating new TFBs. Consequently, a recycled LCO/LiPON/Li TFB (R-TFB) is constructed by sequentially depositing new LiPON and Li films on the used LCO/LiPON film, exhibiting a small interfacial resistance, recovered Li anode morphology and surface, and restorative electrochemical performance. Specifically, the R-TFB delivers a specific capacity of 0.223 mAh·cm⁻² at 0.1 mA·cm⁻², acceptable rate performance (0.120 mAh·cm⁻² at 0.8 mA·cm⁻²), and good cycle performance (77.3% capacity retention after 500 cycles), which are very close to those of a newly fabricated TFB, demonstrating the feasibility of this direct recycling approach. Such a simple yet efficient recycling approach may effectively extend the lifespan of solid-state batteries and provide important insights to develop sustainable TFBs for microelectronic devices.
- Solid-state lithium battery,
- Thin film battery,
- Lithium anode failure,
- Recycling,
- Sustainability
1. [1]
  Zhu, M.; Schmidt, O. G. Nature 2021, 589, 195. doi: 10.1038/d41586-021-00021-2 doi: 10.1038/d41586-021-00021-2
2. [2]
  Xia, Q.; Zan, F.; Xu, J.; Liu, W.; Li, Q.; He, Y.; Hua, J.; Liu, J.; Zhang, Q.; Wang, J.; Wu, C.; Xia, H. Adv. Mater. 2022, 35, 2200538. doi: 10.1002/adma.202200538 doi: 10.1002/adma.202200538
3. [3]
  Wu, Y. M.; Wu, X. M.; Zhu, L.; Xu, D. H.; Tian, W. S.; Tang, W. P. Energy Storage Sci. Technol. 2016, 5, 678. doi: 10.12028/j.issn.2095-4239.2016.0045
4. [4]
  Xia, Q.; Sun, S.; Xu, J.; Zan, F.; Yue, J. L.; Xia, H. Energy Storage Sci. Technol. 2018, 7, 565. doi: 10.12028/j.issn.2095-4239.2018.0088
5. [5]
  Chen, M.; Yan, Y.; Liu, W. M.; Zhou, C.; Guo, Z. Q.; Zhang, X. F.; Wang, Y. L.; Li, L.; Zhang, G. L. J. Aeron. Mater. 2014, 6, 1. doi: 10.11868/j.issn.1005-5053.2014.6.001
6. [6]
  Wang, B.; Bates, J. B.; Hart, F. X.; Sales, B. C.; Zuhr, R. A.; Robertson, J. D. J. Electrochem. Soc. 1996, 143, 3203. doi: 10.1149/1.1837188 doi: 10.1149/1.1837188
7. [7]
  Wu, T.; Dai, W.; Ke, M.; Huang, Q.; Lu, L. Adv. Sci. 2021, 8, e2100774. doi: 10.1002/advs.202100774 doi: 10.1002/advs.202100774
8. [8]
  Moitzheim, S.; Put, B.; Vereecken, P. M. Adv. Mater. Interfaces 2019, 6, 1900805. doi: 10.1002/admi.201900805 doi: 10.1002/admi.201900805
9. [9]
  Zhou, Y.; Xue, M.; Fu, Z. J. Power Sources 2013, 234, 310. doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.01.183 doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.01.183
10. [10]
  Patil, A.; Patil, V.; Wook Shin, D.; Choi, J. -W.; Paik, D. -S.; Yoon, S. -J. Mater. Res. Bull. 2008, 43, 1913. doi: 10.1016/j.materresbull.2007.08.031 doi: 10.1016/j.materresbull.2007.08.031
11. [11]
  Yue, X.; Ma, C.; Bao, J.; Yang, S.; Chen, D.; Wu, X. J.; Zhou, Y. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin. 2021, 37, 2005012. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202005012
12. [12]
  Wang, T.; Song, Z.; Zhang, Y.; Gao, Y.; Huang, L.; Lin, S.; Luo, W. Energy Storage Mater. 2022, 52, 365. doi: 10.1016/j.ensm.2022.08.017 doi: 10.1016/j.ensm.2022.08.017
13. [13]
  Huang, J.; Zhu, Y.; Feng, Y.; Han, Y.; Gu, Z.; Liu, R.; Yang, D.; Chen, K.; Zhang, X.; Sun, W.; et al. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin. 2022, 38, 2208008. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202208008
14. [14]
  Nowroozi, M.; Waidha, A.; Jacob, M.; Aken, P. A.; Predel, F.; Ensinger, W.; Clemens, O. ChemistryOpen 2022, 3, e202100274. doi: 10.1002/open.202100274 doi: 10.1002/open.202100274
15. [15]
  Azhari, L.; Bong, S.; Ma, X.; Wang, Y. Matter 2020, 6, 1845. doi: 10.1016/j.matt.2020.10.027 doi: 10.1016/j.matt.2020.10.027
16. [16]
  Tan, D. H. S.; Xu, P.; Yang, H.; Kim, M. -C.; Nguyen, H.; Wu, E. A.; Doux, J. -M.; Banerjee, A.; Meng, Y. S.; Chen, Z. MRS Energy Sustain. 2020, 7, e23. doi: 10.1557/mre.2020.25 doi: 10.1557/mre.2020.25
17. [17]
  Qin, Z.; Xie, Y.; Meng, X.; Qian, D.; Mao, D.; Ma, X.; Shan, C.; Chen, J.; Wan, L.; Huang, Y. Energy Storage Mater. 2022, 49, 360. doi: 10.1016/j.ensm.2022.04.024 doi: 10.1016/j.ensm.2022.04.024
18. [18]
  Wang, Z.; Lee, J. Z.; Xin, H. L.; Han, L.; Grillon, N.; Guy-Bouyssou, D.; Bouyssou, E.; Proust, M.; Meng, Y. S. J. Power Sources 2016, 324, 342. doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.05.098 doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.05.098
19. [19]
  Larfaillou, S.; Guy-Bouyssou, D.; Cras, F.; Franger, S. J. Power Sources 2016, 319, 139. doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.04.057 doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.04.057
20. [20]
  Bates, J. B.; Dudney, N. J.; Neudecker, B. J.; Hart, F. X.; Jun, H. P.; Hackney, S. A. J. Electrochem. Soc. 2000, 147, 59. doi: 10.1149/1.1393157 doi: 10.1149/1.1393157
21. [21]
  Dudney, N. J. J. Electroceram. 2017, 38, 222. doi: 10.1007/s10832-017-0073-2 doi: 10.1007/s10832-017-0073-2
22. [22]
  Otto, S. -K.; Fuchs, T.; Moryson, Y.; Lerch, C.; Mogwitz, B.; Sann, J.; Janek, J.; Henss, A. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. 2021, 4, 12798. doi: 10.1021/acsaem.1c02481 doi: 10.1021/acsaem.1c02481
23. [23]
  Kumar, P.; Babu, K.; Hussain, O. M. Mater. Chem. Phys. 2014, 143, 536. doi: 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2013.09.029 doi: 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2013.09.029
24. [24]
  Wang, Z.; Santhanagopalan, D.; Zhang, W.; Wang, F.; Xin, H. L.; He, K.; Li, J.; Dudney, N.; Meng, Y. S. Nano Lett. 2016, 16, 3760. doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b01119 doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b01119
25. [25]
  Xia, Q.; Zhang, Q.; Sun, S.; Hussain, F.; Zhang, C.; Zhu, X.; Meng, F.; Liu, K.; Geng, H.; Xu, J.; et al. Adv. Mater. 2021, 33, e2003524. doi: 10.1002/adma.202003524 doi: 10.1002/adma.202003524
26. [26]
  Uhart, A.; Ledeuil, J. B.; Pecquenard, B.; Le Cras, F.; Proust, M.; Martinez, H. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2017, 9, 33238. doi: 10.1021/acsami.7b07270 doi: 10.1021/acsami.7b07270
27. [27]
  Xia, H.; Wang, X.; Ren, G; Wang, W.; Zhou, Y.; Shadike, Z.; Hu, E.; Yang, X.; Zheng, J.; Liu, X.; Fu, Z. J. Power Sources 2021, 514, 230603. doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2021.230603 doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2021.230603
28. [28]
  Nimisha, C. S.; Rao, K. Y.; Venkatesh, G.; Rao, G. M.; Munichandraiah, N. Thin Solid Films 2011, 519, 3401. doi: 10.1016/j.tsf.2011.01.087 doi: 10.1016/j.tsf.2011.01.087
29. [29]
  Fingerle, M.; Buchheit, R.; Sicolo, S.; Albe, K.; Hausbrand, R. Chem. Mater. 2017, 29, 7675. doi:10.1021/acs.chemmater.7b00890 doi: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.7b00890
30. [30]
  Cheng, D.; Wynn, T. A.; Wang, X.; Wang, S.; Zhang, M.; Shimizu, R.; Bai, S.; Nguyen, H.; Fang, C.; Kim, M. -C.; et al. Joule 2020, 11, 2484. doi: 10.1016/j.joule.2020.08.013 doi: 10.1016/j.joule.2020.08.013
31. [31]
  Zhu, Y.; He, X.; Mo, Y. J. Mater. Chem. A 2016, 9, 3253. doi: 10.1039/c5ta08574h doi: 10.1039/c5ta08574h
32. [32]
  Dai, W.; Qiao, Y.; Ma, Z.; Wang, T.; Fu, Z. Materials Futures 2022, 3, 032101. doi: 10.1088/2752-5724/ac7db2 doi: 10.1088/2752-5724/ac7db2
33. [33]
  Matsuda, Y.; Kuwata, N.; Kawamura, J. Solid State Ion. 2018, 320, 38. doi: 10.1016/j.ssi.2018.02.024 doi: 10.1016/j.ssi.2018.02.024
34. [34]
  Laïk, B.; Ressejac, I.; Venet, C.; Pereira-Ramos, J. -P. Thin Solid Films 2018, 649, 69. doi: 10.1016/j.tsf.2018.01.033 doi: 10.1016/j.tsf.2018.01.033
35. [35]
  Xu, L.; Tang, S.; Cheng, Y.; Wang, K.; Liang, J.; Liu, C.; Cao, Y.; Wei, F.; Mai, L. Joule 2018, 10, 1991. doi: 10.1016/j.joule.2018.07.009 doi: 10.1016/j.joule.2018.07.009
1. [1]
  Caixia Li , Yi Qiu , Yufeng Zhao , Wuliang Feng . Self assembled electron blocking and lithiophilic interface towards dendrite-free solid-state lithium battery. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(4): 108846-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108846
2. [2]
  Guiyang Zheng , Xuelian Kang , Haoran Ye , Wei Fan , Christian Sonne , Su Shiung Lam , Rock Keey Liew , Changlei Xia , Yang Shi , Shengbo Ge . Recent advances in functional utilisation of environmentally friendly and recyclable high-performance green biocomposites: A review. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(4): 108817-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108817
3. [3]
  Biao Fang , Runwei Mo . PVDF-based solid-state battery. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2024, 43(8): 100347-100347. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2024.100347
4. [4]
  Haixia Wu , Kailu Guo . Iodized polyacrylonitrile as fast-charging anode for lithium-ion battery. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(10): 109550-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109550
5. [5]
  Xuejie Gao , Xinyang Chen , Ming Jiang , Hanyan Wu , Wenfeng Ren , Xiaofei Yang , Runcang Sun . Long-lifespan thin Li anode achieved by dead Li rejuvenation and Li dendrite suppression for all-solid-state lithium batteries. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(10): 109448-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109448
6. [6]
  Hengying Xiang , Nanping Deng , Lu Gao , Wen Yu , Bowen Cheng , Weimin Kang . 3D core-shell nanofibers framework and functional ceramic nanoparticles synergistically reinforced composite polymer electrolytes for high-performance all-solid-state lithium metal battery. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(8): 109182-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109182
7. [7]
  Ting WANG , Peipei ZHANG , Shuqin LIU , Ruihong WANG , Jianjun ZHANG . A Bi-CP-based solid-state thin-film sensor: Preparation and luminescence sensing for bioamine vapors. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(8): 1615-1621. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240134
8. [8]
  Peng Jia , Yunna Guo , Dongliang Chen , Xuedong Zhang , Jingming Yao , Jianguo Lu , Liqiang Zhang . In-situ imaging electrocatalysis in a solid-state Li-O₂ battery with CuSe nanosheets as air cathode. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(5): 108624-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108624
9. [9]
  Chaochao Wei , Ru Wang , Zhongkai Wu , Qiyue Luo , Ziling Jiang , Liang Ming , Jie Yang , Liping Wang , Chuang Yu . Revealing the size effect of FeS₂ on solid-state battery performances at different operating temperatures. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(6): 108717-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108717
10. [10]
  Yue Qian , Zhoujia Liu , Haixin Song , Ruize Yin , Hanni Yang , Siyang Li , Weiwei Xiong , Saisai Yuan , Junhao Zhang , Huan Pang . Imide-based covalent organic framework with excellent cyclability as an anode material for lithium-ion battery. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(6): 108785-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108785
11. [11]
  Qianqian Song , Yunting Zhang , Jianli Liang , Si Liu , Jian Zhu , Xingbin Yan . Boron nitride nanofibers enhanced composite PEO-based solid-state polymer electrolytes for lithium metal batteries. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(6): 108797-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108797
12. [12]
  Ying Li , Yanjun Xu , Xingqi Han , Di Han , Xuesong Wu , Xinlong Wang , Zhongmin Su . A new metal–organic rotaxane framework for enhanced ion conductivity of solid-state electrolyte in lithium-metal batteries. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(9): 109189-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109189
13. [13]
  Yang Deng , Yitao Ouyang , Chao Han . Constriction-susceptible makes fast cycling of lithium metal in solid-state batteries: Silicon as an example. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2024, 43(7): 100276-100276. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2024.100276
14. [14]
  Ting Hu , Yuxuan Guo , Yixuan Meng , Ze Zhang , Ji Yu , Jianxin Cai , Zhenyu Yang . Uniform lithium deposition induced by copper phthalocyanine additive for durable lithium anode in lithium-sulfur batteries. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(5): 108603-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108603
15. [15]
  Jiale Zheng , Mei Chen , Huadong Yuan , Jianmin Luo , Yao Wang , Jianwei Nai , Xinyong Tao , Yujing Liu . Electron-microscopical visualization on the interfacial and crystallographic structures of lithium metal anode. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(6): 108812-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108812
16. [16]
  Tao Wei , Jiahao Lu , Pan Zhang , Qi Zhang , Guang Yang , Ruizhi Yang , Daifen Chen , Qian Wang , Yongfu Tang . An intermittent lithium deposition model based on bimetallic MOFs derivatives for dendrite-free lithium anode with ultrahigh areal capacity. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(8): 109122-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109122
17. [17]
  Qian Wang , Ting Gao , Xiwen Lu , Hangchao Wang , Minggui Xu , Longtao Ren , Zheng Chang , Wen Liu . Nanophase separated, grafted alternate copolymer styrene-maleic anhydride as an efficient room temperature solid state lithium ion conductor. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(7): 108887-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108887
18. [18]
  Liang Ming , Dan Liu , Qiyue Luo , Chaochao Wei , Chen Liu , Ziling Jiang , Zhongkai Wu , Lin Li , Long Zhang , Shijie Cheng , Chuang Yu . Si-doped Li₆PS₅I with enhanced conductivity enables superior performance for all-solid-state lithium batteries. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(10): 109387-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109387
19. [19]
  Mengwen Wang , Qintao Sun , Yue Liu , Zhengan Yan , Qiyu Xu , Yuchen Wu , Tao Cheng . Impact of lithium nitrate additives on the solid electrolyte interphase in lithium metal batteries. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2024, 43(2): 100203-100203. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2023.100203
20. [20]
  Jie Zhou , Quanyu Li , Xiaomeng Hu , Weifeng Wei , Xiaobo Ji , Guichao Kuang , Liangjun Zhou , Libao Chen , Yuejiao Chen . Water molecules regulation for reversible Zn anode in aqueous zinc ion battery: Mini-review. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(8): 109143-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109143

Get Citation

PDF

XML

Metrics

PDF Downloads(5)
Abstract views(516)
HTML views(18)

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142