Citation: Wenjie Zhou, Qihang Jing, Jiaxin Li, Yingzhi Chen, Guodong Hao, Lu-Ning Wang. Organic Photocatalysts for Solar Water Splitting: Molecular- and Aggregate-Level Modifications[J]. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, ;2023, 39(5): 221101. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202211010 shu

Organic Photocatalysts for Solar Water Splitting: Molecular- and Aggregate-Level Modifications

Wenjie Zhou ^{1, 2} ,
Qihang Jing ² ,
Jiaxin Li ¹ ,
Yingzhi Chen ^{1, 2,,} ,
Guodong Hao ³ ,
Lu-Ning Wang ^{1, 2,,}

1.
School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
2.
Shunde Innovation School, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Foshan 528399, Guangdong Province, China
3.
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Mudanjiang Normal University, Mudanjiang 157011, Heilongjiang Province, China

Corresponding author: Yingzhi Chen, chenyingzhi@ustb.edu.cn Lu-Ning Wang, luning.wang@ustb.edu.cn
Received Date: 4 November 2022
Revised Date: 6 December 2022
Accepted Date: 8 December 2022
Available Online: 15 December 2022
Fund Project: the Scientific and Technological Innovation Foundation of Shunde Graduate School, USTB, China BK19AE027the Scientific and Technological Innovation Foundation of Shunde Graduate School, USTB, China BK20BE022

Photocatalytic water splitting is a green technology for sustainable hydrogen evolution. To improve photon-to-electron conversion efficiency, the design and development of efficient, stable, and full-spectrum responsive photocatalysts has attracted increasing attention. Many different classes of materials can be used to harness solar photons for photocatalysis, each having their advantages and drawbacks. Compared to inorganic semiconductors, organic semiconductors are rich in π electrons and can be readily modified, allowing for facile control of the optic (absorption region and intensity) and electronic (energy structure) properties, as well as mechanistic pathways. However, photogenerated charge carriers cannot be effectively employed owing to subpar charge carrier transport properties, which arise from the low concentration and low mobility of free charge carriers in organic semiconductors. Appropriate changes in the molecular structure of the organic semiconductors can allow for sunlight utilization across the full visible region and even the infrared region. By controlling the nature of stacking, organic photocatalysts with different compositions, dimension (0, 1, 2, 3), size, and crystallographic orientation can be harnessed to increase sunlight utilization and charge separation efficiencies. By optimizing these properties, the overall photoelectric conversion efficiency and hydrogen production efficiency can be improved. However, the mechanisms of redox reactions in organic semiconductor photocatalytic systems remain unclear owing to the complex nature of the processes and difficulties in study design. Herein, the physical and chemical processes of organic semiconductors are discussed from the perspective of light harvesting, photoexcited charge separation, and surface reactions. The preparation methods of organic semiconductor nanostructures are summarized and the progressive development of organic nanostructures for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution is systematically reviewed. Typical organic semiconductor materials, including perylene diimide, porphyrin, phthalocyanine, fullerenes, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄), and other conjugated polymers, are highlighted. Moreover, modification strategies for optimizing optical and electrical properties at the molecular or aggregate level are discussed. Element doping or substitution and group functionalization at the molecular level as well as control over morphologies, components, and dimensions at the aggregate level are reviewed to clarify structure/property relationships and further guide photocatalyst design. All the strategies discussed herein focus on enhancing hole and electron separation while suppressing their recombination, thereby improving the photocatalytic performance in evolution hydrogen. Finally, the key challenges and prospects of organic nanomaterials for photocatalytic evolution hydrogen are presented. We particularly focus on the construction of a system to evaluate the reasonable loading of co-catalysts, photocatalyst morphology regulation, and combined in situ characterization and density functional theory calculations in the context of photocatalytic hydrogen production.
- Organic semiconductor,
- Nanostructure,
- Photocatalysis,
- Hydrogen production from water splitting
1. [1]
  Kabir, E.; Kumar, P.; Kumar, S.; Adelodun, A. A.; Kim, K. -H. Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev. 2018, 82, 894. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2017.09.094 doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2017.09.094
2. [2]
  Ngoh, S. K.; Njomo, D. Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev. 2012, 16 (9), 6782. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2012.07.027 doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2012.07.027
3. [3]
  Minggu, L. J.; Daud, W. R. W.; Kassim, M. B. Int. J. Hydrog. Energy 2010, 35 (11), 5233. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2010.02.133 doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2010.02.133
4. [4]
  Kosco, J.; Bidwell, M.; Cha, H.; Martin, T.; Howells, C. T.; Sachs, M.; Anjum, D. H.; Gonzalez Lopez, S.; Zou, L. Y.; Wadsworth, A.; et al. Nat. Mater. 2020, 19 (5), 559. doi: 10.1038/s41563-019-0591-1 doi: 10.1038/s41563-019-0591-1
5. [5]
  Zhao, C.; Chen, Z.; Shi, R.; Yang, X.; Zhang, T. Adv. Mater. 2020, 32 (28), e1907296. doi: 10.1002/adma.201907296 doi: 10.1002/adma.201907296
6. [6]
  Bolton, J. R.; Strickler, S. J.; Connolly, J. S. Nature 1985, 316 (6028), 495. doi: 10.1038/316495a0 doi: 10.1038/316495a0
7. [7]
  Fu, C. F.; Wu, X. J.; Yang, J. L. Adv. Mater. 2018, 30 (48), 1802106. doi: 10.1002/adma.201802106 doi: 10.1002/adma.201802106
8. [8]
  Kudo, A.; Miseki, Y. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2009, 38 (1), 253. doi: 10.1039/b800489g doi: 10.1039/b800489g
9. [9]
  Shentu, B.; Gan, T.; Weng, Z. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2009, 113 (5), 3202. doi: 10.1002/app.30054 doi: 10.1002/app.30054
10. [10]
  Ghobadi, T. G. U.; Ghobadi, A.; Soydan, M. C.; Vishlaghi, M. B.; Kaya, S.; Karadas, F.; Ozbay, E. ChemSusChem 2020, 13 (10), 2577. doi: 10.1002/cssc.202000294 doi: 10.1002/cssc.202000294
11. [11]
  Li, D.; Chen, R.; Wang, S.; Zhang, X.; Zhang, Y.; Liu, J.; Yin, H.; Fan, F.; Shi, J.; Li, C. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2020, 11 (2), 412. doi: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b03340 doi: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b03340
12. [12]
  Hitoki, G.; Ishikawa, A.; Takata, T.; Kondo, J. N.; Hara, M.; Domen, K. Chem. Lett. 2002, 31 (7), 736. doi: 10.1246/cl.2002.736 doi: 10.1246/cl.2002.736
13. [13]
  Hara, M.; Hitoki, G.; Takata, T.; Kondo, J. N.; Kobayashi, H.; Domen, K. Cater. Today 2003, 78 (1–4), 555. doi: 10.1016/s0920-5861(02)00354-1 doi: 10.1016/s0920-5861(02)00354-1
14. [14]
  Sun, B. T.; Qiu, P. Y.; Liang, Z. Q.; Xue, Y. J.; Zhang, X. L.; Yang, L.; Cui, H. Z.; Tian, J. Chem. Eur. J. 2021, 4061, 127177. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2020.127177 doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2020.127177
15. [15]
  Li, Z. Z.; Meng, X. C.; Zhang, Z. S. J. Photochem. Photobiol. C-Photochem. Rev. 2018, 35, 39. doi: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2017.12.002 doi: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2017.12.002
16. [16]
  Du, W. M.; Zhu, J.; Li, S. X.; Qian, X. F. Cryst. Growth Des. 2008, 8 (7), 2130. doi: 10.1021/cg7009258 doi: 10.1021/cg7009258
17. [17]
  Park, H.; Choi, W. J. Phys. Chem. B 2004, 108 (13), 4086. doi: 10.1021/jp036735i doi: 10.1021/jp036735i
18. [18]
  Liao, L. B.; Zhang, Q. H.; Su, Z. H.; Zhao, Z. Z.; Wang, Y. N.; Li, Y.; Lu, X. X.; Wei, D. G.; Feng, G. Y.; Yu, Q. K.; et al. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2014, 9 (1), 69. doi: 10.1038/nnano.2013.272 doi: 10.1038/nnano.2013.272
19. [19]
  Yu, J. G.; Yu, Y. F.; Zhou, P.; Xiao, W.; Cheng, B. Appl. Catal. B-Environ. 2014, 156, 184. doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2014.03.013 doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2014.03.013
20. [20]
  Lee, G. J.; Wu, J. J. Powder Technol. 2017, 318, 8. doi: 10.1016/j.powtec.2017.05.022 doi: 10.1016/j.powtec.2017.05.022
21. [21]
  Harb, M.; Basset, J. M. J. Phys. Chem. C 2020, 124 (4), 2472. doi: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b09707 doi: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b09707
22. [22]
  Zhang, Z. J.; Zhu, Y. F.; Chen, X. J.; Zhang, H. J.; Wang, J. Adv. Mater. 2019, 31 (7), 1806626. doi: 10.1002/adma.201806626 doi: 10.1002/adma.201806626
23. [23]
  Mendori, D.; Hiroya, T.; Ueda, M.; Sanyoushi, M.; Nagai, K.; Abe, T. Appl. Catal. B-Environ. 2017, 205, 514. doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2016.12.071 doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2016.12.071
24. [24]
  Chen, C. X.; Xiong, Y. Y.; Zhong, X.; Lan, P. C.; Wei, Z. W.; Pan, H.; Su, P. Y.; Song, Y.; Chen, Y. F.; Nafady, A.; et al. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2022, 61 (3), e202114071. doi: 10.1002/anie.202114071 doi: 10.1002/anie.202114071
25. [25]
  Li, Y.; Zhang, X.; Liu, D. J. Photochem. Photobiol. C 2021, 48, 100436. doi: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2021.100436 doi: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2021.100436
26. [26]
  Lin, C.; Han, C.; Zhang, H.; Gong, L.; Gao, Y.; Wang, H.; Bian, Y.; Li, R.; Jiang, J. Inorg. Chem. 2021, 60 (6), 3988. doi: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00041 doi: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00041
27. [27]
  Pan, Y.; Liu, X.; Zhang, W.; Liu, Z.; Zeng, G.; Shao, B.; Liang, Q.; He, Q.; Yuan, X.; Huang, D.; et al. Appl. Catal. B-Environ. 2020, 265, 129077. doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2019.118579 doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2019.118579
28. [28]
  Kumar, A.; Kumar Vashistha, V.; Kumar Das, D. Coord. Chem. Rev. 2021, 431, 213678. doi: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213678 doi: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213678
29. [29]
  Zhao, S.; Zhang, Y.; Zhou, Y.; Wang, Y.; Qiu, K.; Zhang, C.; Fang, J.; Sheng, X. Carbon 2018, 126, 247. doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2017.10.033 doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2017.10.033
30. [30]
  Das, K. K.; Patnaik, S.; Mansingh, S.; Behera, A.; Mohanty, A.; Acharya, C.; Parida, K. M. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 2020, 561, 551. doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.11.030 doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.11.030
31. [31]
  Kim, Y.; Cook, S.; Tuladhar, S. M.; Choulis, S. A.; Nelson, J.; Durrant, J. R.; Bradley, D. D. C.; Giles, M.; McCulloch, I.; Ha, C. S.; et al. Nat. Mater. 2006, 5 (3), 197. doi: 10.1038/nmat1574 doi: 10.1038/nmat1574
32. [32]
  Hosseini, M. G.; Yardani, P.; Mert, A. M.; Kinayyigit, S. J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 2020, 38, 7. doi: 10.1016/j.jmst.2019.08.020 doi: 10.1016/j.jmst.2019.08.020
33. [33]
  Niu, J.; Song, Z. L.; Gao, X.; Ji, Y.; Zhang, Y. L. J. Alloy. Compd. 2021, 884, 161292. doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2021.161292 doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2021.161292
34. [34]
  Liu, Y.; Li, B.; Xiang, Z. Small 2021, 17 (34), 2007576. doi: 10.1002/smll.202007576 doi: 10.1002/smll.202007576
35. [35]
  Takeya, J.; Yamagishi, M.; Tominari, Y.; Hirahara, R.; Nakazawa, Y.; Nishikawa, T.; Kawase, T.; Shimoda, T.; Ogawa, S. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2007, 90 (10), 102120. doi: 10.1063/1.2711393 doi: 10.1063/1.2711393
36. [36]
  Stingelin-Stutzmann, N.; Smits, E.; Wondergem, H.; Tanase, C.; Blom, P.; Smith, P.; De Leeuw, D. Nat. Mater. 2005, 4 (8), 601. doi: 10.1038/nmat1426 doi: 10.1038/nmat1426
37. [37]
  Singh, T. B.; Sariciftci, N. S.; Yang, H.; Yang, L.; Plochberger, B.; Sitter, H. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2007, 90 (21), 213512. doi: 10.1063/1.2743386 doi: 10.1063/1.2743386
38. [38]
  Yao, Y.; Dong, H.; Liu, F.; Russell, T. P.; Hu, W. Adv. Mater. 2017, 29 (29), 170251. doi: 10.1002/adma.201701251 doi: 10.1002/adma.201701251
39. [39]
  Clarke, T. M.; Durrant, J. R. Chem. Rev. 2010, 110 (11), 6736. doi: 10.1021/cr900271s doi: 10.1021/cr900271s
40. [40]
  Puschnig, P.; Ambrosch-Draxl, C. Comptes Rendus Phys. 2009, 10 (6), 504. doi: 10.1016/j.crhy.2008.08.003 doi: 10.1016/j.crhy.2008.08.003
41. [41]
  Dong, Y. F.; Cha, H.; Bristow, H. L.; Lee, J.; Kumar, A.; Tuladhar, P. S.; McCulloch, I.; Bakulin, A. A.; Durrant, J. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2021, 143 (20), 7599. doi: 10.1021/jacs.1c00584 doi: 10.1021/jacs.1c00584
42. [42]
  Ball, J. M.; Petrozza, A. Nat. Energy 2016, 1, 1. doi: 10.1038/nenergy.2016.149 doi: 10.1038/nenergy.2016.149
43. [43]
  Banerjee, T.; Podjaski, F.; Kröger, J.; Biswal, B. P.; Lotsch, B. V. Nat. Rev. Mater. 2020, 6 (2), 168. doi: 10.1038/s41578-020-00254-z doi: 10.1038/s41578-020-00254-z
44. [44]
  Mikhnenko, O. V.; Blom, P. W. M.; Nguyen, T. Q. Energy Environ. Sci. 2015, 8 (7), 1867. doi: 10.1039/c5ee00925a doi: 10.1039/c5ee00925a
45. [45]
  Godin, R.; Wang, Y.; Zwijnenburg, M. A.; Tang, J. W.; Durrant, J. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2017, 139 (14), 5216. doi: 10.1021/jacs.7b01547 doi: 10.1021/jacs.7b01547
46. [46]
  Bisquert, J.; Cendula, P.; Bertoluzzi, L.; Gimenez, S. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2014, 5 (1), 205. doi: 10.1021/jz402703d doi: 10.1021/jz402703d
47. [47]
  Chen, Y.; Yan, C.; Dong, J.; Zhou, W.; Rosei, F.; Feng, Y.; Wang, L. N. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2021, 31 (36), 2104099. doi: 10.1002/adfm.202104099 doi: 10.1002/adfm.202104099
48. [48]
  Guo, L. J.; Li, R.; Liu, J. X.; Xi, Q.; Fan, C. M. Prog. Chem. 2020, 32 (1), 46. doi: 10.7536/pc190528 doi: 10.7536/pc190528
49. [49]
  Chen, Y.; Li, W.; Jiang, D.; Men, K.; Li, Z.; Li, L.; Sun, S.; Li, J.; Huang, Z. -H.; Wang, L. -N. Sci. Bull. 2019, 64 (1), 44. doi: 10.1016/j.scib.2018.12.015 doi: 10.1016/j.scib.2018.12.015
50. [50]
  Velázquez, J. J.; Fernández-González, R.; Díaz, L.; Pulido Melián, E.; Rodríguez, V. D.; Núñez, P. J. Alloy. Compd. 2017, 721, 405. doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.05.314 doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.05.314
51. [51]
  Xu, J.; Wang, Z. P.; Zhu, Y. F. J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 2020, 49, 133. doi: 10.1016/j.jmst.2020.02.024 doi: 10.1016/j.jmst.2020.02.024
52. [52]
  Bodedla, G. B.; Huang, J.; Wong, W. -Y.; Zhu, X. ACS Appl. Nano Mater. 2020, 3 (7), 7040. doi: 10.1021/acsanm.0c01353 doi: 10.1021/acsanm.0c01353
53. [53]
  Zhang, N.; Wang, L.; Wang, H.; Cao, R.; Wang, J.; Bai, F.; Fan, H. Nano Lett. 2018, 18 (1), 560. doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b04701 doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b04701
54. [54]
  Bhavani, B.; Chanda, N.; Kotha, V.; Reddy, G.; Basak, P.; Pal, U.; Giribabu, L.; Prasanthkumar, S. Nanoscale 2021, 14 (1), 140. doi: 10.1039/d1nr06961f doi: 10.1039/d1nr06961f
55. [55]
  Wang, J.; Shi, W.; Liu, D.; Zhang, Z. J.; Zhu, Y. F.; Wang, D. Appl. Catal. B 2017, 202, 289. doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2016.09.037 doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2016.09.037
56. [56]
  Lin, H.; Wang, J.; Zhao, J.; Zhuang, Y.; Liu, B.; Zhu, Y.; Jia, H.; Wu, K.; Shen, J.; Fu, X.; et al. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2022, 61 (12), e202117645. doi: 10.1002/anie.202117645 doi: 10.1002/anie.202117645
57. [57]
  Gao, Q.; Xu, J.; Wang, Z.; Zhu, Y. Appl. Catal. B-Environ. 2020, 271, 118933. doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2020.118933 doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2020.118933
58. [58]
  Guo, X. -X.; Jiang, J.; Han, Q.; Liu, X. -H.; Zhou, X. -T.; Ji, H. -B. Appl. Cater. A-Gen. 2020, 590, 117352. doi: 10.1016/j.apcata.2019.117352 doi: 10.1016/j.apcata.2019.117352
59. [59]
  Shrestha, L. K.; Shrestha, R. G.; Yamauchi, Y.; Hill, J. P.; Nishimura, T.; Miyazawa, K.; Kawai, T.; Okada, S.; Wakabayashi, K.; Ariga, K. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2015, 54 (3), 951. doi: 10.1002/anie.201408856 doi: 10.1002/anie.201408856
60. [60]
  Shrestha, L. K.; Yamauchi, Y.; Hill, J. P.; Miyazawa, K.; Ariga, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135 (2), 586. doi: 10.1021/ja3108752 doi: 10.1021/ja3108752
61. [61]
  Hu, J. S.; Guo, Y. G.; Liang, H. P.; Wan, L. J.; Jiang, L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127 (48), 17090. doi: 10.1021/ja0553912 doi: 10.1021/ja0553912
62. [62]
  Tashiro, K.; Murafuji, T.; Sumimoto, M.; Fujitsuka, M.; Yamazaki, S. New J. Chem. 2020, 44 (32), 13824. doi: 10.1039/d0nj02829k doi: 10.1039/d0nj02829k
63. [63]
  Hasobe, T.; Oki, H.; Sandanayaka, A. S. D.; Murata, H. Catal. Commun. 2008, No. 6, 724. doi: 10.1039/b713971c doi: 10.1039/b713971c
64. [64]
  Cho, E. -C.; Ciou, J. -H.; Zheng, J. -H.; Pan, J.; Hsiao, Y. -S.; Lee, K. -C.; Huang, J. -H. Appl. Surf. Sci. 2015, 355, 536. doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2015.07.062 doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2015.07.062
65. [65]
  Liu, F. M.; Sun, J.; Xiao, S.; Huang, W. L.; Tao, S. H.; Zhang, Y.; Gao, Y. L.; Yang, J. L. Nanotechnology 2015, 26 (22), 225601. doi: 10.1088/0957-4484/26/22/225601 doi: 10.1088/0957-4484/26/22/225601
66. [66]
  Bian, J.; Li, Q.; Huang, C.; Li, J.; Guo, Y.; Zaw, M.; Zhang, R. -Q. Nano Energy 2015, 15, 353. doi: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2015.04.012 doi: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2015.04.012
67. [67]
  Chen, Y.; Zhang, C.; Zhang, X.; Ou, X.; Zhang, X. Chem. Commun. 2013, 49 (80), 9200. doi: 10.1039/c3cc45169k doi: 10.1039/c3cc45169k
68. [68]
  Yang, C.; Cheng, Z. H.; Divitini, G.; Qian, C.; Hou, B.; Liao, Y. Z. J. Mater. Chem. A 2021, 9 (35), 19894. doi: 10.1039/d1ta02547c doi: 10.1039/d1ta02547c
69. [69]
  Montigaud, H.; Tanguy, B.; Demazeau, G.; Alves, I.; Courjault, S. J. Mater. Sci. 2000, 35 (10), 2547. doi: 10.1023/a:1004798509417 doi: 10.1023/a:1004798509417
70. [70]
  Guo, Q.; Xie, Y.; Wang, X.; Lv, S.; Hou, T.; Liu, X. Chem. Phys. Lett. 2003, 380 (1–2), 84. doi: 10.1016/j.cplett.2003.09.009 doi: 10.1016/j.cplett.2003.09.009
71. [71]
  Guo, Q.; Xie, Y.; Wang, X.; Zhang, S.; Hou, T.; Lv, S. Catal. Commun. 2004, No. 1, 26. doi: 10.1039/b311390f doi: 10.1039/b311390f
72. [72]
  Ximing, G.; Bin, G.; Yuanlin, W.; Shuanghong, G. Mater. Sci. Eng. C-Mater. Biol. Appl. 2017, 80, 698. doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.07.027 doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.07.027
73. [73]
  Li, B.; Wang, X.; Chen, L.; Zhou, Y.; Dang, W.; Chang, J.; Wu, C. Theranostics 2018, 8 (15), 4086. doi: 10.7150/thno.25433 doi: 10.7150/thno.25433
74. [74]
  Navgire, M. E.; Lande, M. K. Inorg. Nano-Metal Chem. 2016, 47 (3), 320. doi: 10.1080/15533174.2016.1186055 doi: 10.1080/15533174.2016.1186055
75. [75]
  Li, C.; Cao, C. -B.; Zhu, H. -S. Mater. Lett. 2004, 58 (12–13), 1903. doi: 10.1016/j.matlet.2003.11.024 doi: 10.1016/j.matlet.2003.11.024
76. [76]
  Iqbal, W.; Dong, C.; Xing, M.; Tan, X.; Zhang, J. Catal. Sci. Technol. 2017, 7 (8), 1726. doi: 10.1039/c7cy00286f doi: 10.1039/c7cy00286f
77. [77]
  Cao, X. Q.; Wu, Y. S.; Fu, H. B.; Yao, J. N. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2011, 2 (17), 2163. doi: 10.1021/jz2009488 doi: 10.1021/jz2009488
78. [78]
  Martell, M.; Ocheje, M. U.; Gelfand, B. S.; Rondeau-Gagné, S.; Welch, G. C. New J. Chem. 2021, 45 (45), 21001. doi: 10.1039/d1nj04423k doi: 10.1039/d1nj04423k
79. [79]
  Pu, Y.; Bao, F.; Wang, D.; Zhang, X.; Guo, Z.; Chen, X.; Wei, Y.; Wang, J.; Zhang, Q. J. Environ. Chem. Eng. 2022, 10 (1), 107123. doi: 10.1016/j.jece.2021.107123 doi: 10.1016/j.jece.2021.107123
80. [80]
  Zhao, Q.; Zhang, S.; Liu, Y.; Mei, J.; Chen, S.; Lu, P.; Qin, A.; Ma, Y.; Sun, J. Z.; Tang, B. Z. J. Mater. Chem. 2012, 22 (15), 7387. doi: 10.1039/c2jm16613e doi: 10.1039/c2jm16613e
81. [81]
  Kong, K.; Zhang, S.; Chu, Y.; Hu, Y.; Yu, F.; Ye, H.; Ding, H.; Hua, J. Chem. Commun. 2019, 55 (56), 8090. doi: 10.1039/c9cc03465j doi: 10.1039/c9cc03465j
82. [82]
  Miao, H.; Yang, J.; Sheng, Y.; Li, W.; Zhu, Y. Sol. RRL 2020, 5 (2), 2000453. doi: 10.1002/solr.202000453 doi: 10.1002/solr.202000453
83. [83]
  Sheng, Y.; Li, W.; Zhu, Y.; Zhang, L. Appl. Catal. B-Environ. 2021, 298, 120585. doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2021.120585 doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2021.120585
84. [84]
  Jing, J.; Yang, J.; Zhang, Z.; Zhu, Y. Adv. Energy Mater. 2021, 11 (29), 2101392. doi: 10.1002/aenm.202101392 doi: 10.1002/aenm.202101392
85. [85]
  Liu, Y.; Wang, L.; Feng, H.; Ren, X.; Ji, J.; Bai, F.; Fan, H. Nano Lett. 2019, 19 (4), 2614. doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b00423 doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b00423
86. [86]
  Genc, E.; Yüzer, A. C.; Yanalak, G.; Harputlu, E.; Aslan, E.; Ocakoglu, K.; Ince, M.; Patir, I. H. Renew. Energy 2020, 162, 1340. doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2020.08.063 doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2020.08.063
87. [87]
  Cai, Q.; Hu, Z.; Zhang, Q.; Li, B.; Shen, Z. Appl. Surf. Sci. 2017, 403, 151. doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.01.135 doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.01.135
88. [88]
  Bilal Tahir, M.; Nabi, G.; Rafique, M.; Khalid, N. R. Int. J. Energy Res. 2018, 42 (15), 4783. doi: 10.1002/er.4231 doi: 10.1002/er.4231
89. [89]
  Guan, J.; Wu, J.; Jiang, D.; Zhu, X.; Guan, R.; Lei, X.; Du, P.; Zeng, H.; Yang, S. Int. J. Hydrog. Energy 2018, 43 (18), 8698. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.03.148 doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.03.148
90. [90]
  Chen, X.; Chen, H.; Guan, J.; Zhen, J.; Sun, Z.; Du, P.; Lu, Y.; Yang, S. Nanoscale 2017, 9 (17), 5615. doi: 10.1039/c7nr01237c doi: 10.1039/c7nr01237c
91. [91]
  Chai, B.; Peng, T.; Zhang, X.; Mao, J.; Li, K.; Zhang, X. Dalton Trans. 2013, 42 (10), 3402. doi: 10.1039/c2dt32458j doi: 10.1039/c2dt32458j
92. [92]
  Wu, X.; Ma, H.; Zhong, W.; Fan, J.; Yu, H. Appl. Catal. B-Environ. 2020, 271, 118899. doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2020.118899 doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2020.118899
93. [93]
  Tang, J.; Zhang, Q. T.; Liu, Y. T.; Liu, Y. B.; Wang, K. Q.; Xu, N. Z.; Yu, L.; Tong, Q.; Fan, Y. N. Micropor. Mesopor. Mater. 2020, 292, 109369. doi: 10.1016/j.micromeso.2019.109639 doi: 10.1016/j.micromeso.2019.109639
94. [94]
  Wang, C.; Zhang, G.; Zhang, H.; Li, Z.; Wen, Y. Diam. Relat. Mater. 2021, 116, 108416. doi: 10.1016/j.diamond.2021.108416 doi: 10.1016/j.diamond.2021.108416
95. [95]
  Liu, C.; Huang, H.; Cui, W.; Dong, F.; Zhang, Y. Appl. Catal. B-Environ. 2018, 230, 115. doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2018.02.038 doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2018.02.038
96. [96]
  Huang, Y.; Li, D.; Fang, Z.; Chen, R.; Luo, B.; Shi, W. Appl. Catal. B-Environ. 2019, 254, 128. doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2019.04.082 doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2019.04.082
97. [97]
  Stegbauer, L.; Schwinghammer, K.; Lotsch, B. V. Chem. Sci. 2014, 5 (7), 2789. doi: 10.1039/c4sc00016a doi: 10.1039/c4sc00016a
98. [98]
  Zuo, Q.; Liu, T.; Chen, C.; Ji, Y.; Gong, X.; Mai, Y.; Zhou, Y. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2019, 58 (30), 10198. doi: 10.1002/anie.201904058 doi: 10.1002/anie.201904058
99. [99]
  Han, C.; Xiang, S.; Ge, M.; Xie, P.; Zhang, C.; Jiang, J. X. Small 2022, 18 (28), e2202072. doi: 10.1002/smll.202202072 doi: 10.1002/smll.202202072
100. [100]
  Vajiravelu, S.; Ramunas, L.; Juozas Vidas, G.; Valentas, G.; Vygintas, J.; Valiyaveettil, S. J. Mater. Chem. 2009, 19 (24), 4268. doi: 10.1039/b901847f doi: 10.1039/b901847f
101. [101]
  Zhang, M. X.; Zhao, G. J. ChemSusChem 2012, 5 (5), 879. doi: 10.1002/cssc.201100510 doi: 10.1002/cssc.201100510
102. [102]
  Jones, B. A.; Ahrens, M. J.; Yoon, M. H.; Facchetti, A.; Marks, T. J.; Wasielewski, M. R. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2004, 43 (46), 6363. doi: 10.1002/anie.200461324 doi: 10.1002/anie.200461324
103. [103]
  Guo, Y.; Han, G.; Duan, R.; Geng, H.; Yi, Y. J. Mater. Chem. A 2018, 6 (29), 14224. doi: 10.1039/c8ta04932g doi: 10.1039/c8ta04932g
104. [104]
  Balakrishnan, K.; Datar, A.; Naddo, T.; Huang, J. L.; Oitker, R.; Yen, M.; Zhao, J. C.; Zang, L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128 (22), 7390. doi: 10.1021/ja061810z doi: 10.1021/ja061810z
105. [105]
  Ghosh, S.; Li, X. Q.; Stepanenko, V.; Wurthner, F. Chemistry 2008, 14 (36), 11343. doi: 10.1002/chem.200801454 doi: 10.1002/chem.200801454
106. [106]
  Wang, J.; Liu, D.; Zhu, Y.; Zhou, S.; Guan, S. Appl. Catal. B-Environ. 2018, 231, 251. doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2018.03.026 doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2018.03.026
107. [107]
  Ding, H.; Wang, Z.; Kong, K.; Feng, S.; Xu, L.; Ye, H.; Wu, W.; Gong, X.; Hua, J. J. Mater. Chem. A 2021, 9 (12), 7675. doi: 10.1039/d1ta00464f doi: 10.1039/d1ta00464f
108. [108]
  Zhang, Z.; Wang, J.; Liu, D.; Luo, W.; Zhang, M.; Jiang, W.; Zhu, Y. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2016, 8 (44), 30225. doi: 10.1021/acsami.6b10186 doi: 10.1021/acsami.6b10186
109. [109]
  Yang, J.; Jing, J.; Li, W.; Zhu, Y. Adv. Sci. 2022, 9 (17), e2201134. doi: 10.1002/advs.202201134 doi: 10.1002/advs.202201134
110. [110]
  Chen, X.; Wang, J.; Chai, Y.; Zhang, Z.; Zhu, Y. Adv. Mater. 2021, 33 (7), e2007479. doi: 10.1002/adma.202007479 doi: 10.1002/adma.202007479
111. [111]
  Tian, J.; Huang, B.; Nawaz, M. H.; Zhang, W. Coord. Chem. Rev. 2020, 420, 213410. doi: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213410 doi: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213410
112. [112]
  Canimkurbey, B.; Taskan, M. C.; Demir, S.; Duygulu, E.; Atilla, D.; Yuksel, F. New J. Chem. 2020, 44 (18), 7424. doi: 10.1039/d0nj00678e doi: 10.1039/d0nj00678e
113. [113]
  Olijve, L. L. C.; How, E. N. W.; Bhadbhade, M.; Prasad, S.; Colbran, S. B.; Zhao, C.; Thordarson, P. J. Porphyr. Phthalocya. 2011, 15 (11–12), 1345. doi: 10.1142/s1088424611004312 doi: 10.1142/s1088424611004312
114. [114]
  Odobel, F.; Zabri, H. Inorg. Chem. 2005, 44 (16), 5600. doi: 10.1021/ic050078m doi: 10.1021/ic050078m
115. [115]
  Pudi, R.; Rodríguez-Seco, C.; Vidal-Ferran, A.; Ballester, P.; Palomares, E. Europ. J. Org. Chem. 2018, 2018 (18), 2064. doi: 10.1002/ejoc.201800136 doi: 10.1002/ejoc.201800136
116. [116]
  Wang, S. Q.; Li, Y.; Wang, B. B. J. Chem. Res. 2021, 45 (11–12), 934. doi: 10.1177/17475198211032835 doi: 10.1177/17475198211032835
117. [117]
  Kesavan, P. E.; Pandey, V.; Ishida, M.; Furuta, H.; Mori, S.; Gupta, I. Chem. Asian J. 2020, 15 (13), 2015. doi: 10.1002/asia.202000463 doi: 10.1002/asia.202000463
118. [118]
  de la Torre, G.; Vaquez, P.; Agullo-Lopez, F.; Torres, T. Chem. Rev. 2004, 104 (9), 3723. doi: 10.1021/cr030206t doi: 10.1021/cr030206t
119. [119]
  Shang, H.; Xue, Z.; Wang, K.; Liu, H.; Jiang, J. Chem. -Eur. J. 2017, 23 (36), 8644. doi: 10.1002/chem.201700291 doi: 10.1002/chem.201700291
120. [120]
  Liang, Z.; Wang, H. Y.; Zheng, H.; Zhang, W.; Cao, R. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2021, 50 (4), 2540. doi: 10.1039/d0cs01482f doi: 10.1039/d0cs01482f
121. [121]
  Lopes, J. M. S.; Sampaio, R. N.; Ito, A. S.; Batista, A. A.; Machado, A. E. H.; Araujo, P. T.; Neto, N. M. B. Spectrochim. Acta A-Mol. Biomol. Spectro. 2019, 215, 327. doi: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.02.024 doi: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.02.024
122. [122]
  Sehgal, P.; Narula, A. K. J. Photochem. Photobiol. A 2019, 375, 91. doi: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2019.02.003 doi: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2019.02.003
123. [123]
  Jiang, H.; Hu, P.; Ye, J.; Ganguly, R.; Li, Y.; Long, Y.; Fichou, D.; Hu, W.; Kloc, C. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2018, 57 (32), 10112. doi: 10.1002/anie.201803363 doi: 10.1002/anie.201803363
124. [124]
  Cao, R.; Wang, J.; Li, Y.; Sun, J.; Bai, F. Nano Res. 2022, 15 (6), 5719. doi: 10.1007/s12274-022-4286-6 doi: 10.1007/s12274-022-4286-6
125. [125]
  Zhong, Y.; Hu, Y.; Wang, J.; Wang, J.; Ren, X.; Sun, J.; Bai, F. MRS Adv. 2019, 4 (38–39), 2071. doi: 10.1557/adv.2019.210 doi: 10.1557/adv.2019.210
126. [126]
  Yang, J.; Jing, J.; Zhu, Y. Adv. Mater. 2021, 33 (31), e2101026. doi: 10.1002/adma.202101026 doi: 10.1002/adma.202101026
127. [127]
  Jing, J.; Yang, J.; Li, W.; Wu, Z.; Zhu, Y. Adv. Mater. 2022, 34 (3), e2106807. doi: 10.1002/adma.202106807 doi: 10.1002/adma.202106807
128. [128]
  Xia, Z.; Yu, R.; Yang, H.; Luo, B.; Huang, Y.; Li, D.; Shi, J.; Xu, D. Int. J. Hydrog. Energy 2022, 47 (27), 13340. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.02.087 doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.02.087
129. [129]
  Pu, Z.; Xiao, B.; Mao, S.; Sun, Y.; Ma, D.; Wang, H.; Zhou, J.; Cheng, Y.; Shi, J. -W. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 2022, 628, 477. doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.08.080 doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.08.080
130. [130]
  Koshiba, Y.; Nishimoto, M.; Misawa, A.; Misaki, M.; Ishida, K. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 2016, 55 (3S2), 03DD07. doi: 10.7567/jjap.55.03dd07 doi: 10.7567/jjap.55.03dd07
131. [131]
  Liu, F.; Sun, J.; Xiao, S.; Huang, W.; Tao, S.; Zhang, Y.; Gao, Y.; Yang, J. Nanotechnology 2015, 26 (22), 225601. doi: 10.1088/0957-4484/26/22/225601 doi: 10.1088/0957-4484/26/22/225601
132. [132]
  Meng, L.; Wang, K.; Han, Y.; Yao, Y.; Gao, P.; Huang, C.; Zhang, W.; Xu, F. Prog. Nat. Sci. 2017, 27 (3), 329. doi: 10.1016/j.pnsc.2017.04.010 doi: 10.1016/j.pnsc.2017.04.010
133. [133]
  Moon, H. S.; Yong, K. Appl. Surf. Sci. 2020, 530, 147215. doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2020.147215 doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2020.147215
134. [134]
  Yi, Y.; Wang, S.; Zhang, H.; Liu, J.; Lu, X.; Jiang, L.; Sui, C.; Fan, H.; Ai, S.; Sun, J. J. Mater. Chem. C 2020, 8 (48), 17157. doi: 10.1039/d0tc05123c doi: 10.1039/d0tc05123c
135. [135]
  Song, L. M.; Guo, C. P.; Li, T. T.; Zhang, S. J. Ceram. Int. 2017, 43 (10), 7901. doi: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2017.03.115 doi: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2017.03.115
136. [136]
  Sepahvand, S.; Farhadi, S. RSC Adv. 2018, 8 (18), 10124. doi: 10.1039/c8ra00069g doi: 10.1039/c8ra00069g
137. [137]
  Heath, J. R.; Obrien, S. C.; Zhang, Q.; Liu, Y.; Curl, R. F.; Kroto, H. W.; Tittel, F. K.; Smalley, R. E. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107 (25), 7779. doi: 10.1021/ja00311a102 doi: 10.1021/ja00311a102
138. [138]
  Stevenson, S.; Rice, G.; Glass, T.; Harich, K.; Cromer, F.; Jordan, M. R.; Craft, J.; Hadju, E.; Bible, R.; Olmstead, M. M.; et al. Nature 1999, 402 (6764), 898. doi: 10.1038/47282 doi: 10.1038/47282
139. [139]
  Wang, T. S.; Feng, L.; Wu, J. Y.; Xu, W.; Xiang, J. F.; Tan, K.; Ma, Y. H.; Zheng, J. P.; Jiang, L.; Lu, X.; et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132 (46), 16362. doi: 10.1021/ja107843b doi: 10.1021/ja107843b
140. [140]
  Brettreich, M.; Hirsch, A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1998, 39 (18), 2731. doi: 10.1016/s0040-4039(98)00491-2 doi: 10.1016/s0040-4039(98)00491-2
141. [141]
  Wang, Y. C.; Li, X. D.; Zhu, L. P.; Liu, X. H.; Zhang, W. J.; Fang, J. F. Adv. Energy Mater. 2017, 7 (21), 1701144. doi: 10.1002/aenm.201701144 doi: 10.1002/aenm.201701144
142. [142]
  Tian, C.; Zhang, S.; Mei, A.; Rong, Y.; Hu, Y.; Du, K.; Duan, M.; Sheng, Y.; Jiang, P.; Xu, G.; et al. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2018, 10 (13), 10835. doi: 10.1021/acsami.7b18945 doi: 10.1021/acsami.7b18945
143. [143]
  Pal, A.; Wen, L. K.; Jun, C. Y.; Jeon, I.; Matsuo, Y.; Manzhos, S. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2017, 19 (41), 28330. doi: 10.1039/c7cp05290a doi: 10.1039/c7cp05290a
144. [144]
  Hou, J. H.; Lan, X. F.; Shi, J. S.; Yu, S. G.; Zhang, Y. C.; Wang, H.; Ren, C. Y. Int. J. Hydrog. Energy 2020, 45 (4), 2852. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.11.180 doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.11.180
145. [145]
  Wang, Y. -Q.; Yu, C. -P.; Zhang, Z. -L.; Gan, L. -H. Int. J. Hydrog. Energy 2022, 47 (28), 13503. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.02.101 doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.02.101
146. [146]
  Wang, S.; Liu, C.; Dai, K.; Cai, P.; Chen, H.; Yang, C.; Huang, Q. J. Mater. Chem. A 2015, 3 (42), 21090. doi: 10.1039/c5ta03229f doi: 10.1039/c5ta03229f
147. [147]
  Liu, L.; Chen, X.; Chai, Y.; Zhang, W.; Liu, X.; Zhao, F.; Wang, Z.; Weng, Y.; Wu, B.; Geng, H.; et al. Chem. Eur. J. 2022, 444, 136621. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2022.136621 doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2022.136621
148. [148]
  Wei, Y.; Ma, M.; Li, W.; Yang, J.; Miao, H.; Zhang, Z.; Zhu, Y. Appl. Catal. B-Environ. 2018, 238, 302. doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2018.07.043 doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2018.07.043
149. [149]
  Kosco, J.; Gonzalez-Carrero, S.; Howells, C. T.; Fei, T.; Dong, Y.; Sougrat, R.; Harrison, G. T.; Firdaus, Y.; Sheelamanthula, R.; Purushothaman, B.; et al. Nat. Energy 2022, 7 (4), 340. doi: 10.1038/s41560-022-00990-2 doi: 10.1038/s41560-022-00990-2
150. [150]
  Kroke, E.; Schwarz, M.; Horath-Bordon, E.; Kroll, P.; Noll, B.; Norman, A. D. New J. Chem. 2002, 26 (5), 508. doi: 10.1039/b111062b doi: 10.1039/b111062b
151. [151]
  Wang, X. C.; Maeda, K.; Chen, X. F.; Takanabe, K.; Domen, K.; Hou, Y. D.; Fu, X. Z.; Antonietti, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131 (5), 1680. doi: 10.1021/ja809307s doi: 10.1021/ja809307s
152. [152]
  Zhou, G.; Shan, Y.; Hu, Y. Y.; Xu, X. Y.; Long, L. Y.; Zhang, J. L.; Dai, J.; Guo, J. H.; Shen, J. C.; Li, S.; et al. Nat. Commun. 2018, 9, 3366. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05590-x doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05590-x
153. [153]
  Yan, B.; Du, C.; Yang, G. Small 2020, 16 (4), e1905700. doi: 10.1002/smll.201905700 doi: 10.1002/smll.201905700
154. [154]
  Deng, P.; Xiong, J.; Lei, S.; Wang, W.; Ou, X.; Xu, Y.; Xiao, Y.; Cheng, B. J. Mater. Chem. A 2019, 7 (39), 22385. doi: 10.1039/c9ta04559g doi: 10.1039/c9ta04559g
155. [155]
  Cao, Y.; Chen, S.; Luo, Q.; Yan, H.; Lin, Y.; Liu, W.; Cao, L.; Lu, J.; Yang, J.; Yao, T.; et al. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2017, 56 (40), 12191. doi: 10.1002/anie.201706467 doi: 10.1002/anie.201706467
156. [156]
  Niu, P.; Zhang, L.; Liu, G.; Cheng, H. -M. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2012, 22 (22), 4763. doi: 10.1002/adfm.201200922 doi: 10.1002/adfm.201200922
157. [157]
  Xu, J.; Zhang, L.; Shi, R.; Zhu, Y. J. Mater. Chem. A 2013, 1 (46), 1715. doi: 10.1039/c3ta13188b doi: 10.1039/c3ta13188b
158. [158]
  Hong, Y.; Liu, E.; Shi, J.; Lin, X.; Sheng, L.; Zhang, M.; Wang, L.; Chen, J. Int. J. Hydrog. Energy 2019, 44 (14), 7194. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.01.274 doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.01.274
159. [159]
  Zhang, Y. Z.; Chen, Z. W.; Li, J. L.; Lu, Z. Y.; Wang, X. J. Energy Chem. 2021, 54, 36. doi: 10.1016/j.jechem.2020.05.043 doi: 10.1016/j.jechem.2020.05.043
160. [160]
  Li, X. -H.; Zhang, J.; Chen, X.; Fischer, A.; Thomas, A.; Antonietti, M.; Wang, X. Chem. Mat. 2011, 23 (19), 4344. doi: 10.1021/cm201688v doi: 10.1021/cm201688v
161. [161]
  Sun, J.; Zhang, J.; Zhang, M.; Antonietti, M.; Fu, X.; Wang, X. Nat. Commun. 2012, 3 (1), 1057. doi: 10.1038/ncomms2152 doi: 10.1038/ncomms2152
162. [162]
  Huang, H.; Xiao, K.; Tian, N.; Dong, F.; Zhang, T.; Du, X.; Zhang, Y. J. Mater. Chem. A 2017, 5 (33), 17452. doi: 10.1039/c7ta04639a doi: 10.1039/c7ta04639a
163. [163]
  Liu, Q.; Wang, X.; Yang, Q.; Zhang, Z.; Fang, X. Appl. Surf. Sci. 2018, 450, 46. doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.04.175 doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.04.175
164. [164]
  Lin, B.; Yang, G.; Yang, B.; Zhao, Y. Appl. Catal. B-Environ. 2016, 198, 276. doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2016.05.069 doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2016.05.069
165. [165]
  Li, Y.; Jin, R.; Xing, Y.; Li, J.; Song, S.; Liu, X.; Li, M.; Jin, R. Adv. Energy Mater. 2016, 6 (24), 1601273. doi: 10.1002/aenm.201601273 doi: 10.1002/aenm.201601273
166. [166]
  Ji, C.; Yin, S. -N.; Sun, S.; Yang, S. Appl. Surf. Sci. 2018, 434, 1224. doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.11.233 doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.11.233
167. [167]
  Zhu, Y.; Cui, Y.; Xiao, B.; Ou-yang, J.; Li, H.; Chen, Z. Mater. Sci. Semicond. Process. 2021, 129, 10567. doi: 10.1016/j.mssp.2021.105767 doi: 10.1016/j.mssp.2021.105767
168. [168]
  Lin, B.; Li, J.; Xu, B.; Yan, X.; Yang, B.; Wei, J.; Yang, G. Appl. Catal. B-Environ. 2019, 243, 94. doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2018.10.029 doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2018.10.029
169. [169]
  Zhang, X. -H.; Wang, X. -P.; Xiao, J.; Wang, S. -Y.; Huang, D. -K.; Ding, X.; Xiang, Y. -G.; Chen, H. J. Catal. 2017, 350, 64. doi: 10.1016/j.jcat.2017.02.026 doi: 10.1016/j.jcat.2017.02.026
170. [170]
  Wu, Y.; Zhang, X.; Xing, Y.; Hu, Z.; Tang, H.; Luo, W.; Huang, F.; Cao, Y. ACS Mater. Lett. 2019, 1 (6), 620. doi: 10.1021/acsmaterialslett.9b00325 doi: 10.1021/acsmaterialslett.9b00325
171. [171]
  Sprick, R. S.; Bonillo, B.; Clowes, R.; Guiglion, P.; Brownbill, N. J.; Slater, B. J.; Blanc, F.; Zwijnenburg, M. A.; Adams, D. J.; Cooper, A. I. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2016, 55 (5), 1792. doi: 10.1002/anie.201510542 doi: 10.1002/anie.201510542
172. [172]
  Hu, Z.; Wang, Z.; Zhang, X.; Tang, H.; Liu, X.; Huang, F.; Cao, Y. Iscience 2019, 13, 33. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.02.007 doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.02.007
173. [173]
  Yu, K.; Bi, S.; Ming, W.; Wei, W.; Zhang, Y.; Xu, J.; Qiang, P.; Qiu, F.; Wu, D.; Zhang, F. Polym. Chem. 2019, 10 (27), 3758. doi: 10.1039/c9py00512a doi: 10.1039/c9py00512a
174. [174]
  Chu, S.; Wang, Y.; Wang, C.; Yang, J.; Zou, Z. Int. J. Hydrog. Energy 2013, 38 (25), 10768. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2013.02.035 doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2013.02.035
175. [175]
  Mohamed Samy, M.; Mekhemer, I. M. A.; Mohamed, M. G.; Hammad Elsayed, M.; Lin, K. -H.; Chen, Y. -K.; Wu, T. -L.; Chou, H. -H.; Kuo, S. -W. Chem. Eur. J. 2022, 446, 137158. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2022.137158 doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2022.137158
176. [176]
  Wang, L.; Fernandez-Teran, R.; Zhang, L.; Fernandes, D. L.; Tian, L.; Chen, H.; Tian, H. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2016, 55 (40), 12306. doi: 10.1002/anie.201607018 doi: 10.1002/anie.201607018
177. [177]
  Zhang, C.; Pan, H.; Chen, C.; Zhou, Y. ACS Macro Lett. 2022, 11 (4), 434. doi: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.2c00035 doi: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.2c00035
178. [178]
  Zhang, S.; Cheng, G.; Guo, L.; Wang, N.; Tan, B.; Jin, S. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2020, 59 (15), 6007. doi: 10.1002/anie.201914424 doi: 10.1002/anie.201914424
179. [179]
  Wang, X.; Zhang, X.; Zhou, W.; Liu, L.; Ye, J.; Wang, D. Nano Energy 2019, 62, 250. doi: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2019.05.023 doi: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2019.05.023
180. [180]
  Wang, Y.; Silveri, F.; Bayazit, M. K.; Ruan, Q.; Li, Y.; Xie, J.; Catlow, C. R. A.; Tang, J. Adv. Energy Mater. 2018, 8 (24), 1801084. doi: 10.1002/aenm.201801084 doi: 10.1002/aenm.201801084
181. [181]
  Xu, S. M.; Sun, W. J.; Meng, X. Y.; Dong, Y. J.; Ding, Y. J. Phys. Chem. C 2021, 125 (44), 24413. doi: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c07491 doi: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c07491
182. [182]
  Kisch, H.; Bahnemann, D. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2015, 6 (10), 1907. doi: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b00521 doi: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b00521
1. [1]
  Wenxiu Yang , Jinfeng Zhang , Quanlong Xu , Yun Yang , Lijie Zhang . Bimetallic AuCu Alloy Decorated Covalent Organic Frameworks for Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(10): 2312014-. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202312014
2. [2]
  Chenye An , Abiduweili Sikandaier , Xue Guo , Yukun Zhu , Hua Tang , Dongjiang Yang . 红磷纳米颗粒嵌入花状CeO₂分级S型异质结高效光催化产氢. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(11): 2405019-. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202405019
3. [3]
  Qin Hu , Liuyun Chen , Xinling Xie , Zuzeng Qin , Hongbing Ji , Tongming Su . Ni掺杂构建电子桥及激活MoS₂惰性基面增强光催化分解水产氢. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(11): 2406024-. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202406024
4. [4]
  Kun WANG , Wenrui LIU , Peng JIANG , Yuhang SONG , Lihua CHEN , Zhao DENG . Hierarchical hollow structured BiOBr-Pt catalysts for photocatalytic CO₂ reduction. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(7): 1270-1278. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240037
5. [5]
  Zhuo WANG , Junshan ZHANG , Shaoyan YANG , Lingyan ZHOU , Yedi LI , Yuanpei LAN . Preparation and photocatalytic performance of CeO₂-reduced graphene oxide by thermal decomposition. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(9): 1708-1718. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240067
6. [6]
  Zijian Jiang , Yuang Liu , Yijian Zong , Yong Fan , Wanchun Zhu , Yupeng Guo . Preparation of Nano Zinc Oxide by Microemulsion Method and Study on Its Photocatalytic Activity. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(5): 266-273. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202311101
7. [7]
  Jianyin He , Liuyun Chen , Xinling Xie , Zuzeng Qin , Hongbing Ji , Tongming Su . ZnCoP/CdLa₂S₄肖特基异质结的构建促进光催化产氢. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(11): 2404030-. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202404030
8. [8]
  Ke Li , Chuang Liu , Jingping Li , Guohong Wang , Kai Wang . 钛酸铋/氮化碳无机有机复合S型异质结纯水光催化产过氧化氢. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(11): 2403009-. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202403009
9. [9]
  Guoqiang Chen , Zixuan Zheng , Wei Zhong , Guohong Wang , Xinhe Wu . 熔融中间体运输导向合成富氨基g-C₃N₄纳米片用于高效光催化产H₂O₂. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(11): 2406021-. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202406021
10. [10]
  Heng Chen , Longhui Nie , Kai Xu , Yiqiong Yang , Caihong Fang . 两步焙烧法制备大比表面积和结晶性增强超薄g-C₃N₄纳米片及其高效光催化产H₂O₂. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(11): 2406019-. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202406019
11. [11]
  Yuanyin Cui , Jinfeng Zhang , Hailiang Chu , Lixian Sun , Kai Dai . Rational Design of Bismuth Based Photocatalysts for Solar Energy Conversion. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(12): 2405016-. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202405016
12. [12]
  Xuejiao Wang , Suiying Dong , Kezhen Qi , Vadim Popkov , Xianglin Xiang . Photocatalytic CO₂ Reduction by Modified g-C₃N₄. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(12): 2408005-. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202408005
13. [13]
  Ruolin CHENG , Haoran WANG , Jing REN , Yingying MA , Huagen LIANG . Efficient photocatalytic CO₂ cycloaddition over W₁₈O₄₉/NH₂-UiO-66 composite catalyst. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(3): 523-532. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20230349
14. [14]
  Zhiquan Zhang , Baker Rhimi , Zheyang Liu , Min Zhou , Guowei Deng , Wei Wei , Liang Mao , Huaming Li , Zhifeng Jiang . Insights into the Development of Copper-based Photocatalysts for CO₂ Conversion. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(12): 2406029-. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202406029
15. [15]
  Jingyu Cai , Xiaoyu Miao , Yulai Zhao , Longqiang Xiao . Exploratory Teaching Experiment Design of FeOOH-RGO Aerogel for Photocatalytic Benzene to Phenol. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(4): 169-177. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202311028
16. [16]
  Tong Zhou , Xue Liu , Liang Zhao , Mingtao Qiao , Wanying Lei . Efficient Photocatalytic H₂O₂ Production and Cr(VI) Reduction over a Hierarchical Ti₃C₂/In₄SnS₈ Schottky Junction. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(10): 2309020-. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202309020
17. [17]
  Shijie Li , Ke Rong , Xiaoqin Wang , Chuqi Shen , Fang Yang , Qinghong Zhang . Design of Carbon Quantum Dots/CdS/Ta₃N₅ S-Scheme Heterojunction Nanofibers for Efficient Photocatalytic Antibiotic Removal. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(12): 2403005-. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202403005
18. [18]
  Xin Zhou , Zhi Zhang , Yun Yang , Shuijin Yang . A Study on the Enhancement of Photocatalytic Performance in C/Bi/Bi₂MoO₆ Composites by Ferroelectric Polarization: A Recommended Comprehensive Chemical Experiment. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(4): 296-304. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202310008
19. [19]
  Yang Xia , Kangyan Zhang , Heng Yang , Lijuan Shi , Qun Yi . 构建双通道路径增强iCOF/Bi₂O₃ S型异质结在纯水体系中光催化合成H₂O₂性能. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(11): 2407012-. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202407012
20. [20]
  Xinyu Yin , Haiyang Shi , Yu Wang , Xuefei Wang , Ping Wang , Huogen Yu . Spontaneously Improved Adsorption of H₂O and Its Intermediates on Electron-Deficient Mn^(3+δ)+ for Efficient Photocatalytic H₂O₂ Production. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(10): 2312007-. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202312007

Get Citation

PDF

XML

Metrics

PDF Downloads(8)
Abstract views(569)
HTML views(98)

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142