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Citation: Yanke Yu, Mengqiao Geng, Desheng Wei, Chi He. Effect of Potassium on the Performance of a CuSO4/TiO2 Catalyst Used in the Selective Catalytic Reduction of NOx by NH3[J]. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, ;2023, 39(4): 220603. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202206034 shu

Effect of Potassium on the Performance of a CuSO4/TiO2 Catalyst Used in the Selective Catalytic Reduction of NOx by NH3

  • 1.

    Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China

  • 2.

    State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China

  • 3.

    National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China

  • Corresponding author: Chi He, chi_he@xjtu.edu.cn
  • Received Date: 22 June 2022
    Revised Date: 12 July 2022
    Accepted Date: 13 July 2022
    Available Online: 18 July 2022

    Fund Project: the National Natural Science Foundation of China 21906127the National Natural Science Foundation of China 21876139the National Natural Science Foundation of China 21922606General Financial Grant from the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation 2021M692550

  • Owing to its renewability, abundance, and low environmental impact, biomass is considered to be a viable eco-friendly fuel. Various biofuel-fired power plants have been built worldwide to reduce carbon emissions. Potassium (K) is a typical impurity in the flue gas from biofuel combustion that can deactivate the catalyst used in the selective catalytic reduction of NOx by ammonia (NH3-SCR). CuSO4/TiO2, with excellent sulfur dioxide tolerance, is thought to be a promising vanadium-free catalyst for NH3-SCR; however, the influence of K on the CuSO4/TiO2 catalyst is still unknown. Therefore, in this study, the effect of K on the NH3-SCR performance of CuSO4/TiO2 were investigated and compared with the effect on the performance of the commercial V2O5-WO3/TiO2 (VWTi) catalyst. K-poisoned catalysts were prepared via wet impregnation using potassium acetate as the K source. Nitrogen (N2) adsorption-desorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), NH3-temperature programmed desorption (NH3-TPD), H2-temperature programmed reduction (H2-TPR), and in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier-transform spectroscopy (in situ DRIFTS) were used to characterize the prepared catalysts. The NOx conversion over CuSO4/TiO2 with 1.0% (w) K was 92.1% (at 350 ℃), which was higher than the conversion (75.1%) achieved over the commercial VWTi catalyst with the same K content. The XRD, XPS, and H2-TPR results suggested that K reacted with the CuSO4 in the CuSO4/TiO2 catalyst to form CuO and K2SO4. The presence of CuO enhanced the oxidation of NH3 to N2O, NO, and NO2 during NH3-SCR, thereby decreasing the NOx conversion and N2 selectivity over CuSO4/TiO2. Moreover, based on the results from NH3-TPD and in situ DRIFTS of NH3 adsorption, it can be concluded that the Brønsted acid sites (S-OH) were poisoned by K, which restrained the adsorption of NH3 on CuSO4/TiO2. Additionally, the high K content altered the pore structure of the catalyst, leading to a decrease in the specific surface area. However, according to the in situ DRIFTS results, NH3-SCR over K-poisoned CuSO4/TiO2 still followed the Eley-Rideal mechanism: First, NH3 was adsorbed on the Lewis and Brønsted acid sites of the catalyst, and then gaseous NO and O2 reacted with the adsorbed NH3/NH4+ on the acid sites, resulting in the formation of N2 and H2O. Notably, the abundance of acid sites and surface-adsorbed oxygen species on CuSO4/TiO2 could be the main reason for its higher resistance to K-poisoning. In conclusion, our current findings suggested that CuSO4/TiO2 might be a suitable NH3-SCR catalyst for use in the flue gas streams from biofuel-fired power plants.
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