Citation: Xueling Lang, Shutao Lei, Bolong Li, Xiaohong Li, Bing Ma, Chen Zhao. Approaches for the Synthesis of High-Melting Waxes: A Review[J]. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, ;2022, 38(10): 220404. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202204045 shu

Approaches for the Synthesis of High-Melting Waxes: A Review

Xueling Lang ^{1, 2, †} ,
Shutao Lei ^{1, 2, †} ,
Bolong Li ^{1, 2} ,
Xiaohong Li ^{1, 2} ,
Bing Ma ^{1, 2,,} ,
Chen Zhao ^{1, 2,,}

1.
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
2.
Institute of Eco-Chongming, Shanghai 202162, China

Corresponding author: Bing Ma, bma@chem.ecnu.edu.cn Chen Zhao, czhao@chem.ecnu.edu.cn

^†

Received Date: 25 April 2022
Revised Date: 14 May 2022
Accepted Date: 16 May 2022
Available Online: 19 May 2022
Fund Project: the National Key R & D Program of China 2016YFB0701100

High-melting hydrocarbon waxes (melting point: > 80 ℃), consisting of saturated alkanes with carbon numbers greater than 40, exhibit unique features including high melting points, high stability, low penetration, high viscosity, as well as good wear resistance and hardness. These features make high-melting waxes suitable for use in foods, cosmetics, materials processing, electronic machinery, national defense, aviation, medical fields, etc. Considering the fast growth of technology and the electronics industry, the world's economy relies on the production and utilization of high-quality high-melting waxes. However, most waxes in the world's current markets are prepared from mineral oils, and such commercial waxes have melting points in the range of 50–70 ℃. Considering the rapid consumption of high-melting waxes and specialty waxes, their supply insufficiency is anticipated to exceed 700000 t. High-melting waxes are divided into polyethylene (PE) wax and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) wax, based on synthesis methodology. PE wax can be obtained via the polymerization of ethylene and can also be prepared via the thermal or catalytic cracking of plastics. PE cracking to form waxes, with the advantage of low cost, can effectively solve the problem of "white pollution" and make use of existing catalytic cracking units. However, this process results in high energy consumption to achieve waste polymer depolymerization and exhibits some drawbacks, such as a wide carbon number distribution and high impurity content in the obtained PE waxes. However, there are some new methods for synthesizing PE waxes, such as cross alkane metathesis. The FTS, which uses carbon monoxide and hydrogen as raw materials, realizes the synthesis of waxes through carbon chain growth. Although the high-melting FTS waxes display excellent performance and the technology is gradually maturing, FTS waxes with different melting points are produced by rectification of products with various carbon chain lengths. Nonetheless, PE and FTS waxes are widely used in various industries because of their excellent properties. However, their synthesis is based on petroleum and coal-derived chemical products. Biomass-derived waxes have a narrow melting range due to their precise carbon chain growth process. Based on different application demands, small biomass platform molecules can be functionalized to fabricate biomass-derived waxes with special functions. More importantly, the biomass-based synthesis route is sustainable and in-line with the global values for mitigating carbon dioxide emissions and achieving carbon neutrality. This review discusses the recent advances in the synthesis techniques for high-melting waxes, including PE waxes, FTS waxes, and biomass-derived waxes. Furthermore, the catalysts and reaction mechanisms involved in the synthesis of high-melting waxes are discussed in detail. Finally, the perspectives and trends of high-melting waxes are reviewed to promote the emergence of new processes and technical routes.
- High-melting waxes,
- Polyethylene-based waxes,
- Fischer-Tropsch synthesis,
- Biomass-based waxes,
- Cracking of polyethylene
1. [1]
  Yue, S. Chem. Ind. 2012, 30 (10), 11.
2. [2]
  Jing, G. Refin. Chem. Ind. 2021, 32 (2), 6. doi: 10.16049/j.cnki.lyyhg.2021.02.002
3. [3]
  Anene, A. F.; Fredriksen, S. B.; Sætre, K. A.; Tokheim, L. -A. Sustainability 2018, 10 (11), 3979. doi: 10.3390/su10113979 doi: 10.3390/su10113979
4. [4]
  Yang, J.; Shan, J. B.; Zhao, Y. H.; Guo, X. F. Elastomerics 2015, 25 (3), 81. doi: 10.16665/j.cnki.issn1005-3174.2015.03.019
5. [5]
  Orozco, S.; Artetxe, M.; Lopez, G.; Suarez, M.; Bilbao, J.; Olazar, M. ChemSusChem 2021, 14 (19), 4291. doi: 10.1002/cssc.202100889 doi: 10.1002/cssc.202100889
6. [6]
  Levine, S. E.; Broadbelt, L. J. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 2009, 94 (5), 810. doi: j.polymdegradstab.2009.01.031 doi: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2009.01.031
7. [7]
  Serrano, D. P.; Aguado, J.; Escola, J. M. ACS Catal. 2012, 2 (9), 1924. doi: 10.1021/cs3003403 doi: 10.1021/cs3003403
8. [8]
  Ueno, T.; Nakashima, E.; Takeda, K. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 2010, 95 (9), 1862. doi: j.polymdegradstab.2010.04.020 doi: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2010.04.020
9. [9]
  Arabiourrutia, M.; Lopez, G.; Artetxe, M.; Alvarez, J.; Bilbao, J.; Olazar, M. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 2020, 129, 109932. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2020.109932 doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2020.109932
10. [10]
  Mark, L. O.; Cendejas, M. C.; Hermans, I. ChemSusChem 2020, 13 (22), 5808. doi: 10.1002/cssc.202001905 doi: 10.1002/cssc.202001905
11. [11]
  Grause, G.; Matsumoto, S.; Kameda, T.; Yoshioka, T. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2011, 50 (9), 5459. doi: 10.1021/ie102412h doi: 10.1021/ie102412h
12. [12]
  Berrueco, C.; Mastral, F. J.; Esperanza, E.; Ceamanos, J. Energy Fuels 2002, 16 (5), 1148. doi: 10.1021/ef020008p doi: 10.1021/ef020008p
13. [13]
  Attique, S.; Batool, M.; Jalees, M. I.; Shehzad, K.; Farooq, U.; Khan, Z.; Ashraf, F.; Shah, A. T. Turk. J. Chem. 2018, 42 (3), 684. doi: 10.3906/kim-1612-21 doi: 10.3906/kim-1612-21
14. [14]
  Reiprich, B.; Tarach, K. A.; Pyra, K.; Grzybek, G.; Góra-Marek, K. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2022, 14 (5), 6667. doi: 10.1021/acsami.1c21471 doi: 10.1021/acsami.1c21471
15. [15]
  Zhao, C. S. Research of Manufacturing Macromolecule Wax and Styrenefrom Cracking Waste Plastics. M. S. Dissertation, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 2014.
16. [16]
  Elordi, G.; Olazar, M.; Lopez, G.; Amutio, M.; Artetxe, M.; Aguado, R.; Bilbao, J. J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis 2009, 85 (1), 345. doi: 10.1016/j.jaap.2008.10.015 doi: 10.1016/j.jaap.2008.10.015
17. [17]
  Borsella, E.; Aguado, R.; De Stefanis, A.; Olazar, M. J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis 2018, 130, 320. doi: 10.1016/j.jaap.2017.12.015 doi: 10.1016/j.jaap.2017.12.015
18. [18]
  van Grieken, R.; Serrano, D. P.; Aguado, J.; Garcı́a, R.; Rojo, C. J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis 2001, 58–59, 127. doi: 10.1016/S0165-2370(00)00145-5 doi: 10.1016/S0165-2370(00)00145-5
19. [19]
  Jia, X.; Qin, C.; Friedberger, T.; Guan, Z.; Huang, Z. Sci. Adv. 2016, 2 (6), e1501591. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.1501591 doi: 10.1126/sciadv.1501591
20. [20]
  Yuan, Q.; Wang, L. L.; Feng, R. J.; Zhao, C. F.; Cao, W. Chem. Eng. 2015, 29 (5), 1. doi: 10.16247/j.cnki.23-1171/tq.20150501
21. [21]
  Wang, J. L.; Wang, L. L.; Zhou, P. Mod. Plast. Process. Appl. 2010, 22 (2), 32.
22. [22]
  Yao, Y.; Chau, E.; Azimi, G. Waste Manage. 2019, 97, 131. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.08.003 doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.08.003
23. [23]
  Tomoshige, T. Modified Polyethylene Wax. DE2241057A1, 1973.
24. [24]
  Finlayson, M. F.; Garrison, C. C.; Guerra, R. E.; Guest, M. J.; Kolthammer, B. W. S.; Parikh, D. R.; Ueligger, S. M. Manufacture of Nonpourable, Homogeneous, Ultra-Low-Molecular-Weight Ethylene Polymers. WO9726287A1, 1997.
25. [25]
  Gao, C. Y.; Zheng, D. X. Method for Preparing Polyethylene Wax Using Metallocene Catalyst. CN Patent 201280041261.7. 2014.
26. [26]
  Tang, Z. L. Polyethylene Wax and Preparation Method. CN Patent 201310475487.4. 2014.
27. [27]
  Moreira, S. C.; Marques, M. d. F. V. Eur. Polym. J. 2001, 37 (10), 2123. doi: 10.1016/S0014-3057(01)00072-6 doi: 10.1016/S0014-3057(01)00072-6
28. [28]
  Lamb, J. V.; Buffet, J. -C.; Turner, Z. R.; Khamnaen, T.; O'Hare, D. Macromolecules 2020, 53 (14), 5847. doi: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00990 doi: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00990
29. [29]
  Gao, J.; Zhang, L.; Alam, F.; Chen, Y.; Jiang, T. ChemistrySelect 2018, 3 (23), 6468. doi: 10.1002/slct.201800952 doi: 10.1002/slct.201800952
30. [30]
  Umare, P. S.; Rao, K.; Tembe, G. L.; Dhoble, D. A.; Trivedi, B. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2007, 104 (3), 1531. doi: 10.1002/app.25525 doi: 10.1002/app.25525
31. [31]
  Bollmann, A.; Blann, K.; Dixon, J. T.; Hess, F. M.; Killian, E.; Maumela, H.; McGuinness, D. S.; Morgan, D. H.; Neveling, A.; Otto, S.; et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126 (45), 14712. doi: 10.1021/ja045602n doi: 10.1021/ja045602n
32. [32]
  Huang, C.; Zhang, Y.; Solan, G. A.; Ma, Y.; Hu, X.; Sun, Y.; Sun, W. -H. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 2017, 2017 (36), 4158. doi: 10.1002/ejic.201700837 doi: 10.1002/ejic.201700837
33. [33]
  Zhang, R.; Huang, Y.; Solan, G. A.; Zhang, W.; Hu, X.; Hao, X.; Sun, W. -H. Dalton Trans. 2019, 48 (23), 8175. doi: 10.1039/C9DT01345H doi: 10.1039/C9DT01345H
34. [34]
  Johnson, L. K.; Killian, C. M.; Brookhart, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117 (23), 6414. doi: 10.1021/ja00128a054 doi: 10.1021/ja00128a054
35. [35]
  Yu, J.; Zeng, Y.; Huang, W.; Hao, X.; Sun, W. -H. Dalton Trans. 2011, 40 (33), 8436. doi: 10.1039/C1DT10541H doi: 10.1039/C1DT10541H
36. [36]
  Fischer, F.; Tropsch, H. Chem. Ber. 1926, 59, 830. doi: 10.1002/cber.19260590442
37. [37]
  Fischer, F.; Tropsch, H. Brennstoff-Chem 1926, 7, 97.
38. [38]
  Qi, Z.; Chen, L.; Zhang, S.; Su, J.; Somorjai, G. A. Appl. Catal. A 2020, 602, 117701. doi: 10.1016/j.apcata.2020.117701 doi: 10.1016/j.apcata.2020.117701
39. [39]
  Tian, Z.; Wang, C.; Si, Z.; Wang, Y.; Chen, L.; Liu, Q.; Zhang, Q.; Xu, Y.; Ma, L. ChemistrySelect 2018, 3 (44), 12415. doi: 10.1002/slct.201801515 doi: 10.1002/slct.201801515
40. [40]
  Enger, B. C.; Holmen, A. Catal. Rev. 2012, 54 (4), 437. doi: 10.1080/01614940.2012.670088 doi: 10.1080/01614940.2012.670088
41. [41]
  Chen, J. G.; Xiang, H. W.; Dong, Q. N.; Wang, X. Z.; Sun, Y. H. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin. 2001, 17 (2), 161. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB20010214
42. [42]
  Hwang, J.; Kwak, G.; Lee, Y. -J.; Kim, Y. T.; Jeong, I.; Kim, S.; Jun, K. -W.; Ha, K. -S.; Lee, J. J. Mater. Chem. A 2015, 3 (47), 23725. doi: 10.1039/C5TA06184A doi: 10.1039/C5TA06184A
43. [43]
  Lyu, S.; Cheng, Q.; Liu, Y.; Tian, Y.; Ding, T.; Jiang, Z.; Zhang, J.; Gao, F.; Dong, L.; Bao, J.; et al. Appl. Catal. B 2020, 278, 119261. doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2020.119261 doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2020.119261
44. [44]
  Zhang, C. -H.; Yang, Y.; Tao, Z. -C.; Li, T. -Z.; Wan, H. -J.; Xiang, H. -W.; Li, Y. -W. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin. 2006, 22 (11), 1310. doi: 10.1016/s1872-1508(06)60064-8
45. [45]
  Liu, Z. -H.; Yu, C. -C.; Yang, P.; Li, R. -J.; Zhou, H. -J.; Xu, C. -M. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin. 2015, 31 (Suppl), 90. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB2014Ac02
46. [46]
  Ma, W. P.; Zhao, Y. L.; Li, Y. W.; Xv, Y. Y.; Zhou J. L. Nat. Gas Chem. Indus. 1998, No. 3, 3.
47. [47]
  Eilers, J.; Posthuma, S. A.; Sie, S. T. Catal. Lett. 1990, 7 (1), 253. doi: 10.1007/BF00764507 doi: 10.1007/BF00764507
48. [48]
  Lv, T.; Weng, W.; Zhou, J.; Gu, D.; Xiao, W. J. Energy Chem. 2020, 47, 118. doi: 10.1016/j.jechem.2019.12.003 doi: 10.1016/j.jechem.2019.12.003
49. [49]
  Martínez del Monte, D.; Vizcaíno, A. J.; Dufour, J.; Martos, C. Fuel Process. Technol. 2019, 194, 106102. doi: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2019.05.025 doi: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2019.05.025
50. [50]
  Yang, Y.; Xiang, H. -W.; Xu, Y. -Y.; Bai, L.; Li, Y. -W. Appl. Catal., A 2004, 266 (2), 181. doi: 10.1016/j.apcata.2004.02.018 doi: 10.1016/j.apcata.2004.02.018
51. [51]
  Shah, Y. T.; Perrotta, A. J. Product R & D 1976, 15 (2), 123. doi: 10.1021/i360058a005 doi: 10.1021/i360058a005
52. [52]
  Guo, S.; Wang, Q.; Wang, M.; Ma, Z.; Wang, J.; Hou, B.; Chen, C.; Xia, M.; Jia, L.; Li, D. Fuel 2019, 256, 115911. doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2019.115911 doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2019.115911
53. [53]
  Yang, X.; Wang, W.; Wu, L.; Li, X.; Wang, T.; Liao, S. Appl. Catal. A 2016, 526, 45. doi: 10.1016/j.apcata.2016.07.021 doi: 10.1016/j.apcata.2016.07.021
54. [54]
  Subramanian, V.; Cheng, K.; Lancelot, C.; Heyte, S.; Paul, S.; Moldovan, S.; Ersen, O.; Marinova, M.; Ordomsky, V. V.; Khodakov, A. Y. ACS Catal. 2016, 6 (3), 1785. doi: 10.1021/acscatal.5b01596 doi: 10.1021/acscatal.5b01596
55. [55]
  Liang, X. M.; Yuan, W.; Luo, C. T. Synth. Mater. Aging Appl. 2017, 46 (4), 92. doi: 10.16584/j.cnki.issn1671-5381.2017.04.021
56. [56]
  Knott, D. Oil Gas J. 1997, 95 (25), 16.
57. [57]
  Bai, E. Z. Chem. Indus. Eng. Prog. 2004, No. 4, 370. doi: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2004.04.007
58. [58]
  Qian, B. Z. Nat. Gas Ind. 2002, No. 4, 88.
59. [59]
  Tang, H. Q. Chem. Eng. 2010, 38 (10), 1.
60. [60]
  Sun, Y. H.; Li, Y. W. Bull. Chin. Acad. Sci. 2002, No. 2, 100. doi: 10.16418/j.issn.1000-3045.2002.02.004
61. [61]
  McNutt, J.; He, Q. J. Ind. Eng. Chem. 2016, 36, 1. doi: 10.1016/j.jiec.2016.02.008 doi: 10.1016/j.jiec.2016.02.008
62. [62]
  Ding, S.; Ge, Q.; Zhu, X. Acta Chim. Sin. 2017, 75 (5), 439. doi: 10.6023/A17020061
63. [63]
  Boekaerts, B.; Lorenz, W.; Van Aelst, J.; Sels, B. F. Appl. Catal., B 2022, 305, 121052. doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2021.121052 doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2021.121052
64. [64]
  Corma, A.; Renz, M.; Schaverien, C. ChemSusChem 2008, 1 (8-9), 739. doi: 10.1002/cssc.200800103 doi: 10.1002/cssc.200800103
65. [65]
  Chen, S.; Wu, T.; Fang, Y.; Zhao, C. Renew. Energy 2022, 186, 280. doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2021.12.150 doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2021.12.150
66. [66]
  Chen, S.; Wu, T.; Zhao, C. ChemSusChem 2020, 13 (20), 5516. doi: 10.1002/cssc.202001551 doi: 10.1002/cssc.202001551
67. [67]
  Chen, S.; Zhao, C. ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 2021, 9 (32), 10818. doi: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c02875 doi: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c02875
68. [68]
  Zhao, C.; Lei, S. T.; Zhao, L.; Li, B. L. A Method of Preparing High-Melting-Point Wax from Furfural. CN Patent 111470927A, 2020.
1. [1]
  Min Chen , Boyu Peng , Xuyun Guo , Ye Zhu , Hanying Li . Polyethylene interfacial dielectric layer for organic semiconductor single crystal based field-effect transistors. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(4): 109051-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109051
2. [2]
  Qiang Cao , Xue-Feng Cheng , Jia Wang , Chang Zhou , Liu-Jun Yang , Guan Wang , Dong-Yun Chen , Jing-Hui He , Jian-Mei Lu . Graphene from microwave-initiated upcycling of waste polyethylene for electrocatalytic reduction of chloramphenicol. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(4): 108759-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108759
3. [3]
  Xiaxia Xing , Xiaoyu Chen , Zhenxu Li , Xinhua Zhao , Yingying Tian , Xiaoyan Lang , Dachi Yang . Polyethylene imine functionalized porous carbon framework for selective nitrogen dioxide sensing with smartphone communication. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(9): 109230-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109230
4. [4]
  Zhihong LUO , Yan SHI , Jinyu AN , Deyi ZHENG , Long LI , Quansheng OUYANG , Bin SHI , Jiaojing SHAO . Two-dimensional silica-modified polyethylene oxide solid polymer electrolyte to enhance the performance of lithium-ion batteries. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(5): 1005-1014. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20230444
5. [5]
  Wen LUO , Lin JIN , Palanisamy Kannan , Jinle HOU , Peng HUO , Jinzhong YAO , Peng WANG . Preparation of high-performance supercapacitor based on bimetallic high nuclearity titanium-oxo-cluster based electrodes. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(4): 782-790. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20230418
6. [6]
  Hao Deng , Yuxin Hui , Chao Zhang , Qi Zhou , Qiang Li , Hao Du , Derek Hao , Guoxiang Yang , Qi Wang . MXene−derived quantum dots based photocatalysts: Synthesis, application, prospects, and challenges. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(6): 109078-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109078
7. [7]
  Feng Wu , Xuemin Kong , Yixuan Liu , Shuli Wang , Zhong Chen , Xu Hou . Microfluidic-based isolation of circulating tumor cells with high-efficiency and high-purity. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(8): 109754-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109754
8. [8]
  Xiaoxia WANG , Ya'nan GUO , Feng SU , Chun HAN , Long SUN . Synthesis, structure, and electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction properties of metal antimony-based chalcogenide clusters. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(6): 1201-1208. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20230478
9. [9]
  Shuaiwen Li , Zihui Chen , Feng Yang , Wanqing Yue . The age of vanadium-based nanozymes: Synthesis, catalytic mechanisms, regulation and biomedical applications. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(4): 108793-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108793
10. [10]
  Jiajia Lv , Jie Gao , Hongyu Li , Zeli Yuan , Nan Dong . Rational design of hydroxytricyanopyrrole-based probes with high affinity and rapid visualization for amyloid-β aggregates in vitro and in vivo. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(5): 108940-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108940
11. [11]
  Xiaoxing Ji , Xiaojuan Li , Chenggang Wang , Gang Zhao , Hongxia Bu , Xijin Xu . Ni_xB/rGO as the cathode for high-performance aqueous alkaline zinc-based battery. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(10): 109388-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109388
12. [12]
  Yuchen Wang , Yaoyu Liu , Xiongfei Huang , Guanjie He , Kai Yan . Fe nanoclusters anchored in biomass waste-derived porous carbon nanosheets for high-performance supercapacitor. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(8): 109301-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109301
13. [13]
  Ying Zhao , Yin-Hang Chai , Tian Chen , Jie Zheng , Ting-Ting Li , Francisco Aznarez , Li-Long Dang , Lu-Fang Ma . Size-controlled synthesis and near-infrared photothermal response of Cp* Rh-based metalla[2]catenanes and rectangular metallamacrocycles. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(6): 109298-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109298
14. [14]
  Maitri Bhattacharjee , Rekha Boruah Smriti , R. N. Dutta Purkayastha , Waldemar Maniukiewicz , Shubhamoy Chowdhury , Debasish Maiti , Tamanna Akhtar . Synthesis, structural characterization, bio-activity, and density functional theory calculation on Cu(Ⅱ) complexes with hydrazone-based Schiff base ligands. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(7): 1409-1422. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240007
15. [15]
  Kaimin WANG , Xiong GU , Na DENG , Hongmei YU , Yanqin YE , Yulu MA . Synthesis, structure, fluorescence properties, and Hirshfeld surface analysis of three Zn(Ⅱ)/Cu(Ⅱ) complexes based on 5-(dimethylamino) isophthalic acid. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(7): 1397-1408. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240009
16. [16]
  Chaochao Jin , Kai Li , Jiongpei Zhang , Zhihua Wang , Jiajing Tan . N,O-Bidentated difluoroboron complexes based on pyridine-ester enolates: Facile synthesis, post-complexation modification, optical properties, and applications. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(9): 109532-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109532
17. [17]
  Tong Su , Yue Wang , Qizhen Zhu , Mengyao Xu , Ning Qiao , Bin Xu . Multiple conductive network for KTi₂(PO₄)₃ anode based on MXene as a binder for high-performance potassium storage. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(8): 109191-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109191
18. [18]
  Yuxin Wang , Zhengxuan Song , Yutao Liu , Yang Chen , Jinping Li , Libo Li , Jia Yao . Methyl functionalization of trimesic acid in copper-based metal-organic framework for ammonia colorimetric sensing at high relative humidity. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(6): 108779-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108779
19. [19]
  Yunfa Dong , Shijie Zhong , Yuhui He , Zhezhi Liu , Shengyu Zhou , Qun Li , Yashuai Pang , Haodong Xie , Yuanpeng Ji , Yuanpeng Liu , Jiecai Han , Weidong He . Modification strategies for non-aqueous, highly proton-conductive benzimidazole-based high-temperature proton exchange membranes. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(4): 109261-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109261
20. [20]
  Xiangan Song , Shaogang Shen , Mengyao Lu , Ying Wang , Yong Zhang . Trifluoromethyl enable high-performance single-emitter white organic light-emitting devices based on quinazoline acceptor. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(4): 109118-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109118

Get Citation

PDF

XML

Metrics

PDF Downloads(20)
Abstract views(751)
HTML views(278)

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142