Citation: Hao Zhou, Yaxuan Jing, Yanqin Wang. Activation/Cleavage of C―O/C―C Bonds during Biomass Conversion[J]. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, ;2022, 38(10): 220301. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202203016 shu

Activation/Cleavage of C―O/C―C Bonds during Biomass Conversion

Research Institute of Industrial Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China

Corresponding author: Yaxuan Jing, jingyaxuan@mail.ecust.edu.cn Yanqin Wang, wangyanqin@ecust.edu.cn
Received Date: 10 March 2022
Revised Date: 11 April 2022
Accepted Date: 11 April 2022
Available Online: 13 April 2022
Fund Project: the National Natural Science Foundation of China 21832002the National Natural Science Foundation of China 21808063the National Natural Science Foundation of China 21808043the National Natural Science Foundation of China 21872050the National Natural Science Foundation of China 22003016the National Natural Science Foundation of China 92145302the National Natural Science Foundation of China 22102056the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation 2021M691011the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation 2021TQ0106Shanghai Super Postdoctoral Fellow, and the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality 10dz2220500

Sustainable fuels and chemicals are receiving unprecedented attention worldwide in the context of achieving global carbon neutrality. Biomass, as the only natural and sustainable carbon-based source, shows great potential in addressing our current environmental/energy problems and in creating a carbon-neutral society. Lignocellulosic biomass is made up of basic structural units containing C―O/C―C bonds, and the catalytic cleavage of these C―O/C―C bonds is the key for biomass valorization; thus, garnering considerable attention in the past decade. This viewpoint begins with a brief report on the current status of catalytic activation/cleavage of C―O/C―C bonds during biomass conversion, and then goes on to discuss the key challenges experienced and possible strategies that can be implemented using cooperative catalysis. Our goal is not to provide a comprehensive overview of the activation/cleavage of the C―O/C―C bonds in biomass, but rather to highlight the core questions and challenges related to this process and the requirements for future investigations. We selected several representative C―O/C―C bonds in carbohydrates and lignin to discuss their catalytic mechanism in terms of total/selective bond cleavage, and then present our own insights for future studies. Therefore, this article mainly discusses the following two aspects: (1) The activation and cleavage of C―O bonds, which includes total and selective C―O bond cleavage in furan-based fuel precursors and lignin. When aiming to produce liquid fuels, including alkanes and arenes from biomass, the total cleavage of C―O bonds is essential. During the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of furan-based fuel precursors, various C―O bonds need to be cleaved, especially the C―O bond of each tetrahydrofuran ring, which has the highest bond energy. When compared with the total HDO of fuel precursors, the removal of the phenolic hydroxyl groups in lignin to produce arenes is more challenging because of the competition between the over-hydrogenation of the benzene rings and the cleavage of phenolic C―O bonds. The selective or partial cleavage of C―O/C―C bonds to form highly functionalized chemicals has recently attracted great interest and is believed to be a dynamic future research avenue. For example, the production of phenol from lignin or lignin-model compounds, through the selective removal of methoxy groups and para-side-chain groups, while preserving the phenolic hydroxyl groups, has been extensively explored in the past few years. (2) The other important aspect of this article is the cleavage of the C―C bonds in carbohydrates and lignin. The cleavage of carbohydrate C―C bonds occurs via retro-aldol condensation, which produces propylene glycol, ethylene glycol, ethanol, and lactic acid. The cleavage of C―C bonds in lignin is challenging because the bond energy of the C―C bonds is generally higher than that of the C―O bonds in lignin. Therefore, in this section, we discuss the cleavage of the strongest 5―5' bond in lignin. Finally, some subjective perspectives and future directions are provided, also highlighting several major challenges in this field.
- Biomass,
- Catalytic conversion,
- C―O bond,
- C―C bond,
- Cleavage mechanism
1. [1]
  Sudarsanam, P.; Peeters, E.; Makshina, E. V.; Parvulescu, V. I.; Sels, B. F. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2019, 48 (8), 2366. doi: 10.1039/C8CS00452H doi: 10.1039/C8CS00452H
2. [2]
  Zhang, Z.; Song, J.; Han, B. Chem. Rev. 2017, 117 (10), 6834. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00457 doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00457
3. [3]
  Lin, Z.; Chen, R.; Qu, Z.; Chen, J. G. Green Chem. 2018, 20 (12), 2679. doi: 10.1039/C8GC00239H doi: 10.1039/C8GC00239H
4. [4]
  Robinson, A. M.; Hensley, J. E.; Medlin, J. W. ACS Catal. 2016, 6 (8), 5026. doi: 10.1021/acscatal.6b00923 doi: 10.1021/acscatal.6b00923
5. [5]
  Li, H.; Riisager, A.; Saravanamurugan, S.; Pandey, A.; Sangwan, R. S.; Yang, S.; Luque, R. ACS Catal. 2018, 8 (1), 148. doi: 10.1021/acscatal.7b02577 doi: 10.1021/acscatal.7b02577
6. [6]
  Nakagawa, Y.; Liu, S.; Tamura, M.; Tomishige, K. ChemSusChem 2015, 8 (7), 1114. doi: 10.1002/cssc.201403330 doi: 10.1002/cssc.201403330
7. [7]
  Schutyser, W.; Renders, T.; Van den Bosch, S.; Koelewijn, S. -F.; Beckham, G.; Sels, B. F. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2018, 47 (3), 852. doi: 10.1039/C7CS00566K doi: 10.1039/C7CS00566K
8. [8]
  Jing, Y.; Guo, Y.; Xia, Q.; Liu, X.; Wang, Y. Chem 2019, 5 (10), 2520. doi: 10.1016/j.chempr.2019.05.022 doi: 10.1016/j.chempr.2019.05.022
9. [9]
  Liu, S.; Dutta, S.; Zheng, W.; Gould, N. S.; Cheng, Z.; Xu, B.; Saha, B.; Vlachos, D. G. ChemSusChem 2017, 10 (16), 3225. doi: 10.1002/cssc.201700863 doi: 10.1002/cssc.201700863
10. [10]
  Yang, J.; Li, S.; Zhang, L.; Liu, X.; Wang, J.; Pan, X.; Li, N.; Wang, A.; Cong, Y.; Wang, X. Appl. Catal. B 2017, 201, 266. doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2016.08.045 doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2016.08.045
11. [11]
  Wang, A.; Li, J.; Zhang, T. Nat. Rev. Chem. 2018, 2 (6), 65. doi: 10.1038/s41570-018-0010-1 doi: 10.1038/s41570-018-0010-1
12. [12]
  Wang, S.; Zhang, K.; Li, H.; Xiao, L. P.; Song, G. Nat. Commun. 2021, 12 (1), 416. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-20684-1 doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-20684-1
13. [13]
  Li, S.; Dong, M.; Yang, J.; Cheng, X.; Shen, X.; Liu, S.; Wang, Z. Q.; Gong, X. Q.; Liu, H.; Han, B. Nat. Commun. 2021, 12 (1), 584. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-20878-7 doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-20878-7
14. [14]
  Ding, S.; Hülsey, M. J.; Pérez-Ramírez, J.; Yan, N. Joule 2019, 3 (12), 2897. doi: 10.1016/j.joule.2019.09.015 doi: 10.1016/j.joule.2019.09.015
15. [15]
  Kim, S.; Kwon, E. E.; Kim, Y. T.; Jung, S.; Kim, H. J.; Huber, G. W.; Lee, J. Green Chem. 2019, 21 (14), 3715. doi: 10.1039/C9GC01210A doi: 10.1039/C9GC01210A
16. [16]
  Liu, S.; Josephson, T. R.; Athaley, A.; Chen, Q. P.; Norton, A.; Ierapetritou, M.; Siepmann, J. I.; Saha, B.; Vlachos, D. G. Sci. Adv. 2019, 5 (2), eaav5487. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aav5487 doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aav5487
17. [17]
  Xia, Q. N.; Cuan, Q.; Liu, X. H.; Gong, X. Q.; Lu, G. Z.; Wang, Y. Q. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2014, 53 (37), 9755. doi: 10.1002/anie.201403440 doi: 10.1002/anie.201403440
18. [18]
  Jing, Y.; Xin, Y.; Guo, Y.; Liu, X.; Wang, Y. Chin. J. Catal. 2019, 40 (8), 1168. doi: 10.1016/S1872-2067(19)63371-1 doi: 10.1016/S1872-2067(19)63371-1
19. [19]
  Xue, F.; Ma, D.; Tong, T.; Liu, X.; Hu, Y.; Guo, Y.; Wang, Y. ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 2018, 6 (10), 13107. doi: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.8b02648 doi: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.8b02648
20. [20]
  Jin, W.; Pastor-Pérez, L.; Shen, D.; Sepúlveda-Escribano, A.; Gu, S.; Ramirez Reina, T. ChemCatChem 2019, 11 (3), 924. doi: 10.1002/cctc.201801722 doi: 10.1002/cctc.201801722
21. [21]
  Gazi, S. Appl. Catal. B 2019, 257, 117936. doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2019.117936 doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2019.117936
22. [22]
  Shao, Y.; Xia, Q.; Dong, L.; Liu, X.; Han, X.; Parker, S. F.; Cheng, Y.; Daemen, L. L.; Ramirez-Cuesta, A. J.; Yang, S.; et al. Nat. Commun. 2017, 8, 16104. doi: 10.1038/ncomms16104 doi: 10.1038/ncomms16104
23. [23]
  Dong, L.; Yin, L. -L.; Xia, Q.; Liu, X.; Gong, X. -Q.; Wang, Y. Catal. Sci. Technol. 2018, 8 (3), 735. doi: 10.1039/c7cy02014g doi: 10.1039/c7cy02014g
24. [24]
  Sun, Z.; Fridrich, B.; De Santi, A.; Elangovan, S.; Barta, K. Chem. Rev. 2018, 118 (2), 614. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00588 doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00588
25. [25]
  Mao, J.; Zhou, J.; Xia, Z.; Wang, Z.; Xu, Z.; Xu, W.; Yan, P.; Liu, K.; Guo, X.; Zhang, Z. C. ACS Catal. 2017, 7 (1), 695. doi: 10.1021/acscatal.6b02368 doi: 10.1021/acscatal.6b02368
26. [26]
  Ishida, T.; Murayama, T.; Taketoshi, A.; Haruta, M. Chem. Rev. 2019, 120 (2), 464. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00551 doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00551
27. [27]
  Dong, L.; Xin, Y.; Liu, X.; Guo, Y.; Pao, C. -W.; Chen, J. -L.; Wang, Y. Green Chem. 2019, 21 (11), 3081. doi: 10.1039/c9gc00327d doi: 10.1039/c9gc00327d
28. [28]
  Song, S.; Zhang, J.; Yan, N. Fuel Process. Technol. 2020, 199, 106224. doi: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2019.106224 doi: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2019.106224
29. [29]
  Huang, X.; Ludenhoff, J. M.; Dirks, M.; Ouyang, X.; Boot, M. D.; Hensen, E. J. ACS Catal. 2018, 8 (12), 11184. doi: 10.1021/acscatal.8b03430 doi: 10.1021/acscatal.8b03430
30. [30]
  Mei, Q.; Liu, H.; Shen, X.; Meng, Q.; Liu, H.; Xiang, J.; Han, B. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2017, 56 (47), 14868. doi: 10.1002/anie.201706846 doi: 10.1002/anie.201706846
31. [31]
  Li, L.; Dong, L.; Li, D.; Guo, Y.; Liu, X.; Wang, Y. ACS Catal. 2020, 10 (24), 15197. doi: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03170 doi: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03170
32. [32]
  Colmenares, J. C.; Varma, R. S.; Nair, V. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2017, 46 (22), 6675. doi: 10.1039/C7CS00257B doi: 10.1039/C7CS00257B
33. [33]
  Cai, Z.; Long, J.; Li, Y.; Ye, L.; Yin, B.; France, L. J.; Dong, J.; Zheng, L.; He, H.; Liu, S. Chem 2019, 5 (9), 2365. doi: 10.1016/j.chempr.2019.05.021 doi: 10.1016/j.chempr.2019.05.021
34. [34]
  Li, L.; Dong, L.; Liu, X.; Guo, Y.; Wang, Y. Appl. Catal. B 2020, 260, 118143. doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2019.118143 doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2019.118143
35. [35]
  Xin, Y.; Jing, Y.; Dong, L.; Liu, X.; Guo, Y.; Wang, Y. Chem. Commun. 2019, 55 (63), 9391. doi: 10.1039/c9cc04101j doi: 10.1039/c9cc04101j
36. [36]
  Chen, S.; Wojcieszak, R.; Dumeignil, F.; Marceau, E.; Royer, S. B. Chem. Rev. 2018, 118 (22), 11023. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00134 doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00134
37. [37]
  Nakagawa, Y.; Tamura, M.; Tomishige, K. ACS Catal. 2013, 3 (12), 2655. doi: 10.1021/cs400616p doi: 10.1021/cs400616p
38. [38]
  Ji, N.; Zhang, T.; Zheng, M.; Wang, A.; Wang, H.; Wang, X.; Chen, J. G. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2008, 120 (44), 8638. doi: 10.1002/ange.200803233 doi: 10.1002/ange.200803233
39. [39]
  Liu, C.; Zhang, C.; Hao, S.; Sun, S.; Liu, K.; Xu, J.; Zhu, Y.; Li, Y. Catal. Today 2016, 261, 116. doi: 10.1016/j.cattod.2015.06.030 doi: 10.1016/j.cattod.2015.06.030
40. [40]
  Wattanapaphawong, P.; Reubroycharoen, P.; Yamaguchi, A. RSC Adv. 2017, 7 (30), 18561. doi: 10.1039/c6ra28568f doi: 10.1039/c6ra28568f
41. [41]
  Zhu, J.; Wang, J.; Dong, G. Nat. Chem. 2019, 11 (1), 45. doi: 10.1038/s41557-018-0157-x doi: 10.1038/s41557-018-0157-x
42. [42]
  Dong, L.; Lin, L.; Han, X.; Si, X.; Liu, X.; Guo, Y.; Lu, F.; Rudić, S.; Parker, S. F.; Yang, S.; et al. Chem 2019, 5 (6), 1521. doi: 10.1016/j.chempr.2019.03.007 doi: 10.1016/j.chempr.2019.03.007
43. [43]
  Shuai, L.; Sitison, J.; Sadula, S.; Ding, J.; Thies, M. C.; Saha, B. ACS Catal. 2018, 8 (7), 6507. doi: 10.1021/acscatal.8b00200 doi: 10.1021/acscatal.8b00200
44. [44]
  Wang, M.; Wang, F. Adv. Mater. 2019, 31 (50), 1901866. doi: 10.1002/adma.201901866 doi: 10.1002/adma.201901866
45. [45]
  Rinaldi, R.; Jastrzebski, R.; Clough, M. T.; Ralph, J.; Kennema, M.; Bruijnincx, P. C.; Weckhuysen, B. M. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2016, 55 (29), 8164. doi: 10.1002/anie.201510351 doi: 10.1002/anie.201510351
46. [46]
  Giummarella, N.; Pu, Y.; Ragauskas, A. J.; Lawoko, M. Green Chem. 2019, 21 (7), 1573. doi: 10.1039/C8GC03606C doi: 10.1039/C8GC03606C
47. [47]
  Yan, J.; Meng, Q.; Shen, X.; Chen, B.; Sun, Y.; Xiang, J.; Liu, H.; Han, B. Sci. Adv. 2020, 6 (45), eabd1951. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abd1951 doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abd1951
48. [48]
  Meng, Q.; Yan, J.; Wu, R.; Liu, H.; Sun, Y.; Wu, N.; Xiang, J.; Zheng, L.; Zhang, J.; Han, B. Nat. Commun. 2021, 12 (1), 4534. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-24780-8 doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-24780-8
49. [49]
  Ragauskas, A. J.; Beckham, G. T.; Biddy, M. J.; Chandra, R.; Chen, F.; Davis, M. F.; Davison, B. H.; Dixon, R. A.; Gilna, P.; Keller, M. Science 2014, 344 (6185), 1246843. doi: 10.1126/science.1246843 doi: 10.1126/science.1246843
50. [50]
  Wu, X.; Fan, X.; Xie, S.; Lin, J.; Cheng, J.; Zhang, Q.; Chen, L.; Wang, Y. Nat. Catal. 2018, 1 (10), 772. doi: 10.1038/s41929-018-0148-8 doi: 10.1038/s41929-018-0148-8
1. [1]
  Yueguang Chen , Wenqiang Sun . “Carbon” Adventures. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(9): 248-253. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202308074
2. [2]
  Danqing Wu , Jiajun Liu , Tianyu Li , Dazhen Xu , Zhiwei Miao . Research Progress on the Simultaneous Construction of C—O and C—X Bonds via 1,2-Difunctionalization of Olefins through Radical Pathways. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(11): 146-157. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202403087
3. [3]
  Wenjiang LI , Pingli GUAN , Rui YU , Yuansheng CHENG , Xianwen WEI . C₆₀-MoP-C nanoflowers van der Waals heterojunctions and its electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(4): 771-781. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20230289
4. [4]
  Wei Zhong , Dan Zheng , Yuanxin Ou , Aiyun Meng , Yaorong Su . K原子掺杂高度面间结晶的g-C₃N₄光催化剂及其高效H₂O₂光合成. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(11): 2406005-. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202406005
5. [5]
  Guoqiang Chen , Zixuan Zheng , Wei Zhong , Guohong Wang , Xinhe Wu . 熔融中间体运输导向合成富氨基g-C₃N₄纳米片用于高效光催化产H₂O₂. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(11): 2406021-. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202406021
6. [6]
  Tong Zhou , Xue Liu , Liang Zhao , Mingtao Qiao , Wanying Lei . Efficient Photocatalytic H₂O₂ Production and Cr(VI) Reduction over a Hierarchical Ti₃C₂/In₄SnS₈ Schottky Junction. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(10): 2309020-. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202309020
7. [7]
  Xuejiao Wang , Suiying Dong , Kezhen Qi , Vadim Popkov , Xianglin Xiang . Photocatalytic CO₂ Reduction by Modified g-C₃N₄. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(12): 2408005-. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202408005
8. [8]
  Min WANG , Dehua XIN , Yaning SHI , Wenyao ZHU , Yuanqun ZHANG , Wei ZHANG . Construction and full-spectrum catalytic performance of multilevel Ag/Bi/nitrogen vacancy g-C₃N₄/Ti₃C₂T_x Schottky junction. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(6): 1123-1134. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20230477
9. [9]
  Lei Wan , Yizhou Tong , Xi Lu , Yao Fu . Cobalt-catalyzed reductive alkynylation to construct C(sp)-C(sp³) and C(sp)-C(sp²) bonds. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(7): 109283-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109283
10. [10]
  Yurong Tang , Yunren Shi , Yi Xu , Bo Qin , Yanqin Xu , Yunfei Cai . Innovative Experiment and Course Transformation Practice of Visible-Light-Mediated Photocatalytic Synthesis of Isoquinolinone. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(5): 296-306. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202311087
11. [11]
  Heng Chen , Longhui Nie , Kai Xu , Yiqiong Yang , Caihong Fang . 两步焙烧法制备大比表面积和结晶性增强超薄g-C₃N₄纳米片及其高效光催化产H₂O₂. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(11): 2406019-. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202406019
12. [12]
  Qianqian Liu , Xing Du , Wanfei Li , Wei-Lin Dai , Bo Liu . Synergistic Effects of Internal Electric and Dipole Fields in SnNb₂O₆/Nitrogen-Enriched C₃N₅ S-Scheme Heterojunction for Boosting Photocatalytic Performance. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(10): 2311016-. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202311016
13. [13]
  Dong-Xue Jiao , Hui-Li Zhang , Chao He , Si-Yu Chen , Ke Wang , Xiao-Han Zhang , Li Wei , Qi Wei . Layered (C5H6ON)2[Sb2O(C2O4)3] with a large birefringence derived from the uniform arrangement of π-conjugated units. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2024, 43(6): 100304-100304. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2024.100304
14. [14]
  Guangming YIN , Huaiyao WANG , Jianhua ZHENG , Xinyue DONG , Jian LI , Yi'nan SUN , Yiming GAO , Bingbing WANG . Preparation and photocatalytic degradation performance of Ag/protonated g-C₃N₄ nanorod materials. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(8): 1491-1500. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240086
15. [15]
  Kaihui Huang , Boning Feng , Xinghua Wen , Lei Hao , Difa Xu , Guijie Liang , Rongchen Shen , Xin Li . Effective photocatalytic hydrogen evolution by Ti3C2-modified CdS synergized with N-doped C-coated Cu2O in S-scheme heterojunctions. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2023, 42(12): 100204-100204. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2023.100204
16. [16]
  Jiao Li , Chenyang Zhang , Chuhan Wu , Yan Liu , Xuejian Zhang , Xiao Li , Yongtao Li , Jing Sun , Zhongmin Su . Defined organic-octamolybdate crystalline superstructures derived Mo₂C@C as efficient hydrogen evolution electrocatalysts. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(6): 108782-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108782
17. [17]
  Xin Zhou , Zhi Zhang , Yun Yang , Shuijin Yang . A Study on the Enhancement of Photocatalytic Performance in C/Bi/Bi₂MoO₆ Composites by Ferroelectric Polarization: A Recommended Comprehensive Chemical Experiment. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(4): 296-304. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202310008
18. [18]
  Shengkai Li , Yuqin Zou , Chen Chen , Shuangyin Wang , Zhao-Qing Liu . Defect engineered electrocatalysts for C–N coupling reactions toward urea synthesis. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(8): 109147-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109147
19. [19]
  Kebo Xie , Qian Zhang , Fei Ye , Jungui Dai . A multi-enzymatic cascade reaction for the synthesis of bioactive C-oligosaccharides. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(6): 109028-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109028
20. [20]
  Chen Li , Ziyuan Zhao , Shouyun Yu . Photoredox-catalyzed C-glycosylation of peptides with glycosyl bromides. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(6): 109128-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109128

Get Citation

PDF

XML

Metrics

PDF Downloads(26)
Abstract views(667)
HTML views(137)

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142