Citation: Nianze Shang, Yi Cheng, Shen Ao, Gulimire Tuerdi, Mengwen Li, Xiaoyu Wang, Hao Hong, Zehui Li, Xiaoyan Zhang, Wangyang Fu, Kaihui Liu, Zhongfan Liu. Graphene Photonic Crystal Fiber-Based Fluid Sensor toward Distributed Environmental Monitoring[J]. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, ;2022, 38(12): 210804. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202108041 shu

Graphene Photonic Crystal Fiber-Based Fluid Sensor toward Distributed Environmental Monitoring

Nianze Shang ^{1, 2} ,
Yi Cheng ^{2, 3} ,
Shen Ao ⁴ ,
Gulimire Tuerdi ⁴ ,
Mengwen Li ² ,
Xiaoyu Wang ¹ ,
Hao Hong ¹ ,
Zehui Li ¹ ,
Xiaoyan Zhang ^4,, ,
Wangyang Fu ^4,, ,
Kaihui Liu ^{1, 5,,} ,
Zhongfan Liu ^{2, 3,,}

1.
State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
2.
Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, China
3.
Center for Nanochemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
4.
School of Material Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
5.
Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China

Corresponding author: Xiaoyan Zhang, xyzhang@iccas.ac.cn Wangyang Fu, fwy2018@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn Kaihui Liu, khliu@pku.edu.cn Zhongfan Liu, zfliu@pku.edu.cn
Received Date: 26 August 2021
Revised Date: 30 September 2021
Accepted Date: 20 October 2021
Available Online: 25 October 2021
Fund Project: the National Natural Science Foundation of China 52025023the National Natural Science Foundation of China 51991342the National Natural Science Foundation of China 52021006the National Natural Science Foundation of China 11888101the Key R & D Program of Guangdong Province 2020B010189001the Key R & D Program of Guangdong Province 2019B010931001the Key R & D Program of Guangdong Province 2018B030327001the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences XDB33000000the Beijing Natural Science Foundation JQ19004the Pearl River Talent Recruitment Program of Guangdong Province 2019ZT08C321

Compared to traditional sensor device arrays, optical fiber systems capable of wide-range detection are gradually emerging as strong candidates for distributed monitoring owing to their simplified structure. However, the working mechanism of optical fiber sensors limits their use to the detection of physical parameters such as refractive index and is an obstacle for the detection of small doses of molecules by optical fiber systems. Several researchers have focused on this aspect to endow sensitivity to these optical fibers for gas or liquid molecules. By deliberately destroying the fiber structure, strong interactions between the evanescent field of optical fibers and the target materials, such as microfibers, D-shaped fiber, etc. can be achieved. Assisted by the surface plasmon resonance techniques, such configurations can exhibit highly enhanced sensitivity to a change in the refractive index caused by gas or liquid molecules. Two-dimensional materials are an excellent candidate as coating materials due to their high specific surface area, which also guarantees a large sensing response and simultaneously minimizes any side effects by suppressing the propagating mode of optical fibers. However, owing to the obstacles in optical fiber engineering and device fabrication, the abovementioned functional 2D sensors are still limited to sample-scale fabrication, and their mass-production has not yet been realized. An all-fiber distributed sensing system with high single-spot sensitivity is still difficult to fabricate. Here, we propose a new configuration of a grid-distributed environmental optical fiber sensing by introducing low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD)-grown graphene photonic crystal fiber (PCF) into the optical fiber sensing system. We successfully synthesized monolayer and/or bilayer graphene in the air holes of PCF. By fusing the graphene PCF (Gr-PCF) to a single mode optical fiber, we fabricated an all-optical-fiber sensing system. Preliminary experiments suggest that Gr-PCF can selectively detect NO₂ gas at ppb-level and exhibit ionic sensitivity in liquids. The ability to detect NO₂ gas is attributed to the graphene layer's interaction among light-mode and adsorbed molecules: adsorption-induced additional hole-doping caused a shift in the Fermi level of graphene and eventually modulated its light absorption, leading to changes in the light intensity signals. We believe that the sensor can be extended to other kinds of gases and liquids, considering the affinity of graphene toward various molecules. In view of practical optical sensors, our design is compatible with the time domain or wavelength domain multiplexing techniques of optical fiber communication systems. Because CVD-based synthesis can be used to realize mass production, the design proposed herein shall be one of the answers to the distributed optical fiber environmental sensors.
- Graphene,
- Graphene photonic crystal fiber,
- Optical sensing,
- Gas sensor,
- Distributed sensing
1. [1]
  Dickinson, T. A.; White, J.; Kauer, J. S.; Walt, D. R. Nature 1996, 382, 697. doi: 10.1038/382697a0 doi: 10.1038/382697a0
2. [2]
  Albert, K. J.; Lewis, N. S.; Schauer, C. L.; Sotzing, G. A.; Stitzel, S. E.; Vaid, T. P.; Walt, D. R. Chem. Rev. 2000, 100, 2595. doi: 10.1021/cr980102w doi: 10.1021/cr980102w
3. [3]
  Selker, J. S.; Thévenaz, L.; Huwald, H.; Mallet, A.; Luxemburg, W.; van de Giesen, N.; Stejskal, M.; Zeman, J.; Westhoff, M.; Parlange, M. B. Water Resour. Res. 2006, 42, w12202. doi: 10.1029/2006wr005326 doi: 10.1029/2006wr005326
4. [4]
  Rogers, A. J. Appl. Opt. 1981, 20, 1060. doi: 10.1364/Ao.20.001060 doi: 10.1364/Ao.20.001060
5. [5]
  Dai, Y. B.; Liu, Y. J.; Leng, J. S.; Deng, G.; Asundi, A. Opt. Laser. Eng. 2009, 47, 1028. doi: 10.1016/j.optlaseng.2009.05.012 doi: 10.1016/j.optlaseng.2009.05.012
6. [6]
  Ishio, H.; Minowa, J.; Nosu, K. J. Lightwave Technol. 1984, 2, 448. doi: 10.1109/Jlt.1984.1073653 doi: 10.1109/Jlt.1984.1073653
7. [7]
  Brackett, C. A. IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. 1990, 8, 948. doi: 10.1109/49.57798 doi: 10.1109/49.57798
8. [8]
  Li, X.; Sun, Q.; Wo, J.; Zhang, M.; Liu, D. J. Lightwave Technol. 2012, 30, 1113. doi: 10.1109/jlt.2011.2170401 doi: 10.1109/jlt.2011.2170401
9. [9]
  Inaudi, D.; Glisic, B. J. Pressure Vessel Technol. 2010, 132, 011701. doi: 10.1115/1.3062942 doi: 10.1115/1.3062942
10. [10]
  Lu, P.; Lalam, N.; Badar, M.; Liu, B.; Chorpening, B. T.; Buric, M. P.; Ohodnicki, P. R. Appl. Phys. Rev. 2019, 6, 041302. doi: 10.1063/1.5113955 doi: 10.1063/1.5113955
11. [11]
  Hodgkinson, J.; Tatam, R. P. Meas. Sci. Technol. 2013, 24, 012004. doi: 10.1088/0957-0233/24/1/012004 doi: 10.1088/0957-0233/24/1/012004
12. [12]
  Arnold, M. A.; Ostler, T. J. Anal. Chem. 1986, 58, 1137. doi: 10.1021/ac00297a035 doi: 10.1021/ac00297a035
13. [13]
  Otsuki, S.; Adachi, K.; Taguchi, T. Sen. Actuator B-Chem. 1998, 53, 91. doi: 10.1016/S0925-4005(98)00296-2 doi: 10.1016/S0925-4005(98)00296-2
14. [14]
  Hoo, Y. L. Opt. Eng. 2002, 41, 8. doi: 10.1117/1.1429930 doi: 10.1117/1.1429930
15. [15]
  Pickrell, G.; Peng, W.; Wang, A. Opt. Lett. 2004, 29, 1476. doi: 10.1364/Ol.29.001476 doi: 10.1364/Ol.29.001476
16. [16]
  Ritari, T.; Tuominen, J.; Ludvigsen, H.; Petersen, J. C.; Sorensen, T.; Hansen, T. P.; Simonsen, H. R. Opt. Express 2004, 12, 4080. doi: 10.1364/Opex.12.004080 doi: 10.1364/Opex.12.004080
17. [17]
  Chiu, M. H.; Wang, S. F.; Chang, R. S. Opt. Lett. 2005, 30, 233. doi: 10.1364/Ol.30.000233 doi: 10.1364/Ol.30.000233
18. [18]
  Ahn, M. W.; Park, K. S.; Heo, J. H.; Park, J. G.; Kim, D. W.; Choi, K. J.; Lee, J. H.; Hong, S. H. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2008, 93, 263103. doi: 10.1063/1.3046726 doi: 10.1063/1.3046726
19. [19]
  Gayraud, N.; Kornaszewski, L. W.; Stone, J. M.; Knight, J. C.; Reid, D. T.; Hand, D. P.; MacPherson, W. N. Appl. Opt. 2008, 47, 1269. doi: 10.1364/Ao.47.001269 doi: 10.1364/Ao.47.001269
20. [20]
  Slavik, R.; Homola, J.; Ctyroky, J. Sen. Actuator B-Chem. 1999, 54, 74. doi: 10.1016/S0925-4005(98)00314-1 doi: 10.1016/S0925-4005(98)00314-1
21. [21]
  Piliarik, M.; Homola, J.; Manı́ková, Z.; Čtyroký, J. Sen. Actuator B-Chem. 2003, 90, 236. doi: 10.1016/s0925-4005(03)00034-0 doi: 10.1016/s0925-4005(03)00034-0
22. [22]
  Wu, D. K. C.; Kuhlmey, B. T.; Eggleton, B. J. Opt. Lett. 2009, 34, 322. doi: 10.1364/Ol.34.000322 doi: 10.1364/Ol.34.000322
23. [23]
  Wu, L.; Chu, H. S.; Koh, W. S.; Li, E. P. Opt. Express 2010, 18, 14395. doi: 10.1364/Oe.18.014395 doi: 10.1364/Oe.18.014395
24. [24]
  Wo, J. H.; Wang, G. H.; Cui, Y.; Sun, Q. Z.; Liang, R. B.; Shum, P. P.; Liu, D. M. Opt. Lett. 2012, 37, 67. doi: 10.1364/Ol.37.000067 doi: 10.1364/Ol.37.000067
25. [25]
  Patnaik, A.; Senthilnathan, K.; Jha, R. IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 2015, 27, 2437. doi: 10.1109/Lpt.2015.2467189 doi: 10.1109/Lpt.2015.2467189
26. [26]
  Tan, Y. C.; Tou, Z. Q.; Chow, K. K.; Chan, C. C. Opt. Express 2015, 23, 31286. doi: 10.1364/Oe.23.031286 doi: 10.1364/Oe.23.031286
27. [27]
  Liang, H.; Shen, T.; Feng, Y.; Xia, Z. T.; Liu, H. C. IEEE Photon. J. 2020, 12, 1. doi: 10.1109/Jphot.2020.2987809 doi: 10.1109/Jphot.2020.2987809
28. [28]
  Li, J. X.; Tong, Z. R.; Jing, L.; Zhang, W. H.; Qin, J.; Liu, J. W. Opt. Commun. 2020, 467, 125707. doi: 10.1016/j.optcom.2020.125707 doi: 10.1016/j.optcom.2020.125707
29. [29]
  Paul, A. K.; Mollah, M. A.; Hassan, M. Z.; Gomez-Cardona, N.; Reyes-Vera, E. Photonics 2021, 8, 155. doi: 10.3390/photonics8050155 doi: 10.3390/photonics8050155
30. [30]
  Chen, K.; Zhou, X.; Cheng, X.; Qiao, R. X.; Cheng, Y.; Liu, C.; Xie, Y. D.; Yu, W. T.; Yao, F. R.; Sun, Z. P.; et al. Nat. Photon. 2019, 13, 754. doi: 10.1038/s41566-019-0492-5 doi: 10.1038/s41566-019-0492-5
31. [31]
  Ang, P. K.; Chen, W.; Wee, A. T. S.; Loh, K. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 14392. doi: 10.1021/ja805090z doi: 10.1021/ja805090z
32. [32]
  Chen, G.; Paronyan, T. M.; Harutyunyan, A. R. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2012, 101, 053119. doi: 10.1063/1.4742327 doi: 10.1063/1.4742327
33. [33]
  Gautam, M.; Jayatissa, A. H. J. Appl. Phys. 2012, 112, 064304. doi: 10.1063/1.4752272 doi: 10.1063/1.4752272
34. [34]
  Hayasaka, T.; Lin, A.; Copa, V. C.; Lopez, L. P.; Loberternos, R. A.; Ballesteros, L. I. M.; Kubota, Y.; Liu, Y.; Salvador, A. A.; Lin, L. Microsyst. Nanoeng. 2020, 6, 1. doi: 10.1038/s41378-020-0161-3 doi: 10.1038/s41378-020-0161-3
35. [35]
  Horng, J.; Balch, H. B.; McGuire, A. F.; Tsai, H. Z.; Forrester, P. R.; Crommie, M. F.; Cui, B.; Wang, F. Nat. Commun. 2016, 7, 13704. doi: 10.1038/ncomms13704 doi: 10.1038/ncomms13704
36. [36]
  Hu, N.; Yang, Z.; Wang, Y.; Zhang, L.; Wang, Y.; Huang, X.; Wei, H.; Wei, L.; Zhang, Y. Nanotechnology 2014, 25, 025502. doi: 10.1088/0957-4484/25/2/025502 doi: 10.1088/0957-4484/25/2/025502
37. [37]
  Lin, X.; Ni, J.; Fang, C. J. Appl. Phys. 2013, 113, 034306. doi: 10.1063/1.4776239 doi: 10.1063/1.4776239
38. [38]
  Mortazavi Zanjani, S. M.; Sadeghi, M. M.; Holt, M.; Chowdhury, S. F.; Tao, L.; Akinwande, D. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2016, 108, 033106. doi: 10.1063/1.4940128 doi: 10.1063/1.4940128
39. [39]
  Yavari, F.; Castillo, E.; Gullapalli, H.; Ajayan, P. M.; Koratkar, N. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2012, 100, 203120. doi: 10.1063/1.4720074 doi: 10.1063/1.4720074
1. [1]
  Yu Deng , Yan Liu , Yonghui Deng , Jinsheng Cheng , Yidong Zou , Wei Luo . In situ sulfur-doped mesoporous tungsten oxides for gas sensing toward benzene series. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(7): 108898-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108898
2. [2]
  Cheng Guo , Xiaoxiao Zhang , Xiujuan Hong , Yiqiu Hu , Lingna Mao , Kezhi Jiang . Graphene as adsorbent for highly efficient extraction of modified nucleosides in urine prior to liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(4): 108867-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108867
3. [3]
  Chaozheng He , Pei Shi , Donglin Pang , Zhanying Zhang , Long Lin , Yingchun Ding . First-principles study of the relationship between the formation of single atom catalysts and lattice thermal conductivity. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(6): 109116-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109116
4. [4]
  Tian Cao , Xuyin Ding , Qiwen Peng , Min Zhang , Guoyue Shi . Intelligent laser-induced graphene sensor for multiplex probing catechol isomers. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(7): 109238-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109238
5. [5]
  Ying Chen , Li Li , Junyao Zhang , Tongrui Sun , Xuan Zhang , Shiqi Zhang , Jia Huang , Yidong Zou . Tailored ionically conductive graphene oxide-encased metal ions for ultrasensitive cadaverine sensor. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(8): 109102-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109102
6. [6]
  Ting WANG , Peipei ZHANG , Shuqin LIU , Ruihong WANG , Jianjun ZHANG . A Bi-CP-based solid-state thin-film sensor: Preparation and luminescence sensing for bioamine vapors. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(8): 1615-1621. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240134
7. [7]
  Rui Liu , Jinbo Pang , Weijia Zhou . Monolayer water shepherding supertight MXene/graphene composite films. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2024, 43(10): 100329-100329. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2024.100329
8. [8]
  Bharathi Natarajan , Palanisamy Kannan , Longhua Guo . Metallic nanoparticles for visual sensing: Design, mechanism, and application. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2024, 43(9): 100349-100349. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2024.100349
9. [9]
  Hanqing Zhang , Xiaoxia Wang , Chen Chen , Xianfeng Yang , Chungli Dong , Yucheng Huang , Xiaoliang Zhao , Dongjiang Yang . Selective CO2-to-formic acid electrochemical conversion by modulating electronic environment of copper phthalocyanine with defective graphene. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2023, 42(10): 100089-100089. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2023.100089
10. [10]
  Jia-Li Xie , Tian-Jin Xie , Yu-Jie Luo , Kai Mao , Cheng-Zhi Huang , Yuan-Fang Li , Shu-Jun Zhen . Octopus-like DNA nanostructure coupled with graphene oxide enhanced fluorescence anisotropy for hepatitis B virus DNA detection. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(6): 109137-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109137
11. [11]
  Qiang Cao , Xue-Feng Cheng , Jia Wang , Chang Zhou , Liu-Jun Yang , Guan Wang , Dong-Yun Chen , Jing-Hui He , Jian-Mei Lu . Graphene from microwave-initiated upcycling of waste polyethylene for electrocatalytic reduction of chloramphenicol. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(4): 108759-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108759
12. [12]
  Jie XIE , Hongnan XU , Jianfeng LIAO , Ruoyu CHEN , Lin SUN , Zhong JIN . Nitrogen-doped 3D graphene-carbon nanotube network for efficient lithium storage. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(10): 1840-1849. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240216
13. [13]
  Deshuai Zhen , Chunlin Liu , Qiuhui Deng , Shaoqi Zhang , Ningman Yuan , Le Li , Yu Liu . A review of covalent organic frameworks for metal ion fluorescence sensing. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(8): 109249-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109249
14. [14]
  Zhi Zhu , Xiaohan Xing , Qi Qi , Wenjing Shen , Hongyue Wu , Dongyi Li , Binrong Li , Jialin Liang , Xu Tang , Jun Zhao , Hongping Li , Pengwei Huo . Fabrication of graphene modified CeO2/g-C3N4 heterostructures for photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2023, 42(12): 100194-100194. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2023.100194
15. [15]
  Ruikui YAN , Xiaoli CHEN , Miao CAI , Jing REN , Huali CUI , Hua YANG , Jijiang WANG . Design, synthesis, and fluorescence sensing performance of highly sensitive and multi-response lanthanide metal-organic frameworks. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(4): 834-848. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20230301
16. [16]
  Xiaxia Xing , Xiaoyu Chen , Zhenxu Li , Xinhua Zhao , Yingying Tian , Xiaoyan Lang , Dachi Yang . Polyethylene imine functionalized porous carbon framework for selective nitrogen dioxide sensing with smartphone communication. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(9): 109230-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109230
17. [17]
  Liangji Chen , Zhen Yuan , Fudong Feng , Xin Zhou , Zhile Xiong , Wuji Wei , Hao Zhang , Banglin Chen , Shengchang Xiang , Zhangjing Zhang . A hydrogen-bonded organic framework containing fluorescent carbazole and responsive pyridyl units for sensing organic acids. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(9): 109344-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109344
18. [18]
  Ya-Wen Zhang , Ming-Ming Gan , Li-Ying Sun , Ying-Feng Han . Supramolecular dinuclear silver(I) and gold(I) tetracarbene metallacycles and fluorescence sensing of penicillamine. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2024, 43(9): 100356-100356. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2024.100356
19. [19]
  Jieqiong Qin , Zhi Yang , Jiaxin Ma , Liangzhu Zhang , Feifei Xing , Hongtao Zhang , Shuxia Tian , Shuanghao Zheng , Zhong-Shuai Wu . Interfacial assembly of 2D polydopamine/graphene heterostructures with well-defined mesopore and tunable thickness for high-energy planar micro-supercapacitors. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(7): 108845-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108845
20. [20]
  Yuxin Wang , Zhengxuan Song , Yutao Liu , Yang Chen , Jinping Li , Libo Li , Jia Yao . Methyl functionalization of trimesic acid in copper-based metal-organic framework for ammonia colorimetric sensing at high relative humidity. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(6): 108779-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108779

Get Citation

PDF

XML

Metrics

PDF Downloads(9)
Abstract views(493)
HTML views(65)

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142