Citation: Liang Jiashun, Liu Xuan, Li Qing. Principles, Strategies, and Approaches for Designing Highly Durable Platinum-based Catalysts for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells[J]. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, ;2021, 37(9): 201007. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202010072 shu

Principles, Strategies, and Approaches for Designing Highly Durable Platinum-based Catalysts for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die and Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China

Corresponding author: Li Qing, qing_li@hust.edu.cn
Received Date: 29 October 2020
Revised Date: 22 November 2020
Accepted Date: 23 November 2020
Available Online: 30 November 2020
Fund Project: The project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21972051) and the Graduates' Innovation Fund, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China (2020yjsCXCY020)the National Natural Science Foundation of China 21972051the Graduates' Innovation Fund, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China 2020yjsCXCY020

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have attracted significant attention owing to their high conversion efficiency, high power density, and low pollution. Their performance is mainly governed by the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) occurring at the cathode. Owing to the sluggish kinetics of ORR, a large amount of electrocatalysts, i.e., platinum (Pt), is required to accelerate the reaction rate and improve the performance of PEMFCs for practical applications. The use of Pt electrocatalysts inevitably increases the cost, thereby hindering the commercialization of PEMFCs. In addition, the activity and stability of the commercial Pt/C catalyst are still insufficient. Therefore, advanced electrocatalysts with high activity, good stability, and low cost are urgently needed. To date, some theoretical models, especially d-band center theory, have been proposed and guided the search for next-generation electrocatalysts with higher ORR activity. Based on these theories, several strategies and catalysts, especially Pt-based alloy catalysts, have been developed to accelerate ORR and improve the fuel cell performance. For instance, Pt–Ni octahedral nanoparticles (NPs) electrocatalysts have achieved remarkable ORR activity, with one order of magnitude higher activity than that of commercial Pt/C. However, PEMFCs are usually operated at a high voltage (0.6–0.8 V) and an acidic electrolyte, where the transition metals (M) are easily oxidized and etched away. The electronic effect induced by the introduction of M would be eliminated due to the dissolution of transition metals and the agglomeration of NPs, leading to the decay of ORR activity. Therefore, the long-term stability of oxygen reduction catalysts and fuel cells remains highly challenging. It is crucial to design an efficient and highly stable ORR catalyst to promote the application of PEMFCs. Aiming to the stability issues of fuel cell cathode catalysts, the current review summarizes the principles, strategies, and approaches for improving the stability of Pt-based catalysts. First, we introduce thermodynamic and kinetic principles that affect the stability of catalysts. Thermodynamic (such as cohesive energy, alloy formation energy, and segregation energy) and kinetic parameters (such as vacancy formation and diffusion barrier) regarding the structural stability of catalysts significantly affect the metal dissolution and atomic diffusion processes. In addition, these parameters seem to be associated with chemical bond energy to some extent, which could be employed as a descriptor for the stability of catalysts. Later, we outline some representative strategies and methods for improving catalyst stability, namely elemental doping, atomic arrangement engineering, chemical or physical confinement, and supporting material design. Finally, a brief summary and future research perspectives are provided.
- Proton exchange membrane fuel cell,
- Electrocatalysis,
- Oxygen reduction reaction,
- Pt-based electrocatalyst,
- Stability
1. [1]
  Yang, T. Y.; Cui, C.; Rong, H. P.; Zhang, J. T.; Wang, D. S. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin. 2020, 36, 2003047. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202003047
2. [2]
  Gasteiger, H. A.; Markovic, N. M. Science 2009, 324, 48. doi: 10.1126/science.1172083 doi: 10.1126/science.1172083
3. [3]
  Debe, M. K. Nature 2012, 486, 43. doi: 10.1038/nature11115 doi: 10.1038/nature11115
4. [4]
  Bashyam, R.; Zelenay, P. Nature 2006, 443, 63. doi: 10.1038/nature05118 doi: 10.1038/nature05118
5. [5]
  Kojima, K.; Fukazawa, K. ECS Trans. 2015, 69, 213.
6. [6]
  Konno, N.; Mizuno, S.; Nakaji, H.; Ishikawa, Y. SAE Int. J. Alt. Power 2015, 4, 123. doi: 10.4271/2015-01-1175 doi: 10.4271/2015-01-1175
7. [7]
  Yoshida, T.; Kojima, K. Electrochem. Soc. Inter. 2015, 24, 45.
8. [8]
  Miao, Z. P.; Wang, X. M.; Tsai, M. C.; Jin, Q. Q.; Liang, J. S.; Ma, F.; Wang, T. Y.; Zheng, S. J.; Hwang, B. J.; Huang, Y. H.; et al. Adv. Energy Mater. 2018, 8, 1801226. doi: 10.1002/aenm.201801226 doi: 10.1002/aenm.201801226
9. [9]
  He, D. S.; He, D. P.; Wang, J.; Lin, Y.; Yin, P. Q.; Hong, X.; Wu, Y.; Li, Y. D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2016, 138, 1494. doi: 10.1021/jacs.5b12530 doi: 10.1021/jacs.5b12530
10. [10]
  Liang, J.; Ma, F.; Hwang, S.; Wang, X.; Sokolowski, J.; Li, Q.; Wu, G.; Su, D. Joule 2019, 3, 956. doi: 10.1016/j.joule.2019.03.014 doi: 10.1016/j.joule.2019.03.014
11. [11]
  Li, J. R.; Xi, Z.; Pan, Y. T.; Spendelow, J. S.; Duchesne, P. N.; Su, D.; Li, Q.; Yu, C.; Yin, Z. Y.; Shen, B.; et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2018, 140, 2926. doi: 10.1021/jacs.7b12829 doi: 10.1021/jacs.7b12829
12. [12]
  US Department of Energy, DOE Technical Targets for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Components. https: //www.energy.gov/eere/fuelcells/doe-technicaltargets-polymer-electrolyte-membrane-fuelcell-components
13. [13]
  Stamenkovic, V.; Mun, B. S.; Mayrhofer, K. J. J.; Ross, P. N.; Markovic, N. M.; Rossmeisl, J.; Greeley, J.; Norskov, J. K. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2006, 45, 2897. doi: 10.1002/anie.200504386 doi: 10.1002/anie.200504386
14. [14]
  Stamenkovic, V. R.; Fowler, B.; Mun, B. S.; Wang, G.; Ross, P. N.; Lucas, C. A.; Markovic, N. M. Science 2007, 315, 493. doi: 10.1126/science.1135941 doi: 10.1126/science.1135941
15. [15]
  Stamenkovic, V. R.; Mun, B. S.; Arenz, M.; Mayrhofer, K. J. J.; Lucas, C. A.; Wang, G. F.; Ross, P. N.; Markovic, N. M. Nat. Mater. 2007, 6, 241. doi: 10.1038/nmat1840 doi: 10.1038/nmat1840
16. [16]
  Greeley, J.; Stephens, I. E. L.; Bondarenko, A. S.; Johansson, T. P.; Hansen, H. A.; Jaramillo, T. F.; Rossmeisl, J.; Chorkendorff, I.; Norskov, J. K. Nat. Chem. 2009, 1, 552. doi: 10.1038/Nchem.367 doi: 10.1038/Nchem.367
17. [17]
  Chen, C.; Kang, Y.; Huo, Z.; Zhu, Z.; Huang, W.; Xin, H. L.; Snyder, J. D.; Li, D.; Herron, J. A.; Mavrikakis, M.; et al. Science 2014, 343, 1339. doi: 10.1126/science.1249061 doi: 10.1126/science.1249061
18. [18]
  Becknell, N.; Kang, Y. J.; Chen, C.; Resasco, J.; Kornienko, N.; Guo, J. H.; Markovic, N. M.; Somorjai, G. A.; Stamenkovic, V. R.; Yang, P. D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2015, 137, 15817. doi: 10.1021/jacs.5b09639 doi: 10.1021/jacs.5b09639
19. [19]
  Luo, M. C.; Sun, Y. J.; Qin, Y. N.; Yang, Y.; Wu, D.; Guo, S. J. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin 2018, 34, 361. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB201708312
20. [20]
  Greeley, J.; Mavrikakis, M. Nat. Mater. 2004, 3, 810. doi: 10.1038/nmat1223 doi: 10.1038/nmat1223
21. [21]
  Nørskov, J. K.; Bligaard, T.; Logadottir, A.; Kitchin, J. R.; Chen, J. G.; Pandelov, S.; Stimming, U. J. Electrochem. Soc. 2005, 152, J23. doi: 10.1149/1.1856988 doi: 10.1149/1.1856988
22. [22]
  Strasser, P.; Koh, S.; Anniyev, T.; Greeley, J.; More, K.; Yu, C. F.; Liu, Z. C.; Kaya, S.; Nordlund, D.; Ogasawara, H.; et al. Nat. Chem. 2010, 2, 454. doi: 10.1038/Nchem.623 doi: 10.1038/Nchem.623
23. [23]
  Luo, M. C.; Guo, S. J. Nat. Rev. Mater. 2017, 2, 17059. doi: 10.1038/natrevmats.2017.59 doi: 10.1038/natrevmats.2017.59
24. [24]
  Liu, M. L.; Zhao, Z. P.; Duan, X. F.; Huang, Y. Adv. Mater. 2019, 31, 1802234. doi: 10.1002/adma.201802234 doi: 10.1002/adma.201802234
25. [25]
  Chung, D. Y.; Yoo, J. M.; Sung, Y. E. Adv. Mater. 2018, 30, 1704123. doi: 10.1002/adma.201704123 doi: 10.1002/adma.201704123
26. [26]
  Wang, X. X.; Swihart, M. T.; Wu, G. Nat. Catal. 2019, 2, 578. doi: 10.1038/s41929-019-0304-9 doi: 10.1038/s41929-019-0304-9
27. [27]
  Borup, R.; Meyers, J.; Pivovar, B.; Kim, Y. S.; Mukundan, R.; Garland, N.; Myers, D.; Wilson, M.; Garzon, F.; Wood, D.; et al. Chem. Rev. 2007, 107, 3904. doi: 10.1021/cr050182l doi: 10.1021/cr050182l
28. [28]
  Pourbaix, M. NACE 1974, 307.
29. [29]
  Jinnouchi, R.; Toyoda, E.; Hatanaka, T.; Morimoto, Y. J. Phys. Chem. C 2010, 114, 17557. doi: 10.1021/jp106593d doi: 10.1021/jp106593d
30. [30]
  Tetteh, E. B.; Lee, H. Y.; Shin, C. H.; Kim, S. H.; Ham, H. C.; Tran, T. N.; Jang, J. H.; Yoo, S. J.; Yu, J. S. ACS Energy Lett. 2020, 5, 1601. doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c00184 doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c00184
31. [31]
  Yoo, S. J.; Hwang, S. J.; Lee, J. G.; Lee, S. C.; Lim, T. H.; Sung, Y. E.; Wieckowski, A.; Kim, S. K. Energy Environ. Sci. 2012, 5, 7521. doi: 10.1039/c2ee02691k doi: 10.1039/c2ee02691k
32. [32]
  Hwang, S. J.; Kim, S. K.; Lee, J. G.; Lee, S. C.; Jang, J. H.; Kim, P.; Lim, T. H.; Sung, Y. E.; Yoo, S. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 19508. doi: 10.1021/ja307951y doi: 10.1021/ja307951y
33. [33]
  Tang, H. L.; Su, Y.; Zhang, B. S.; Lee, A. F.; Isaacs, M. A.; Wilson, K.; Li, L.; Ren, Y. G.; Huang, J. H.; Haruta, M.; et al. Sci. Adv. 2017, 3, e1700231. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.1700231 doi: 10.1126/sciadv.1700231
34. [34]
  Zhang, J.; Wang, H.; Wang, L.; Ali, S.; Wang, C.; Wang, L.; Meng, X.; Li, B.; Su, D. S.; Xiao, F. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2019, 141, 2975. doi: 10.1021/jacs.8b10864 doi: 10.1021/jacs.8b10864
35. [35]
  Xiong, Y.; Yang, Y.; DiSalvo, F. J.; Abruña, H. D. ACS Nano 2020, 14, 13069. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.0c04559 doi: 10.1021/acsnano.0c04559
36. [36]
  Chong, L.; Wen, J. G.; Kubal, J.; Sen, F. G.; Zou, J. X.; Greeley, J.; Chan, M.; Barkholtz, H.; Ding, W. J.; Liu, D. J. Science 2018, 362, 1276. doi: 10.1126/science.aau0630 doi: 10.1126/science.aau0630
37. [37]
  Ao, X.; Zhang, W.; Zhao, B. T.; Ding, Y.; Nam, G.; Soule, L.; Abdelhafiz, A.; Wang, C. D.; Liu, M. L. Energy Environ. Sci. 2020, 13, 3032. doi: 10.1039/d0ee00832j doi: 10.1039/d0ee00832j
38. [38]
  Greeley, J.; Norskov, J. K. Electrochim. Acta 2007, 52, 5829. doi: 10.1016/j.electacta.2007.02.082 doi: 10.1016/j.electacta.2007.02.082
39. [39]
  Marcus, R. A. J. Electroanal. Chem. 1997, 438, 251. doi: 10.1016/S0022-0728(97)00091-0 doi: 10.1016/S0022-0728(97)00091-0
40. [40]
  David A.; Porter, K. E. E.; Mohamed S., Phase Transformations in Metals and Alloys, 3rd ed.; Chapman & Hall: London, 2009.
41. [41]
  Mullin, J. W. Crystallization, 3rd ed.; Oxford University Press: Oxford, 1997.
42. [42]
  Vej-Hansen, U. G.; Rossmeisl, J.; Stephens, I. E. L.; Schiotz, J. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2016, 18, 3302. doi: 10.1039/c5cp04694g doi: 10.1039/c5cp04694g
43. [43]
  Liang, J. S.; Zhao, Z. L.; Li, N.; Wang, X. M.; Li, S. Z.; Liu, X.; Wang, T. Y.; Lu, G.; Wang, D. L.; Hwang, B. J.; et al. Adv. Energy Mater. 2020, 10, 2000179. doi: 10.1002/aenm.202000179 doi: 10.1002/aenm.202000179
44. [44]
  Zhang, J.; Yang, H. Z.; Fang, J. Y.; Zou, S. Z. Nano Lett. 2010, 10, 638. doi: 10.1021/nl903717z doi: 10.1021/nl903717z
45. [45]
  Choi, S. I.; Xie, S. F.; Shao, M. H.; Odell, J. H.; Lu, N.; Peng, H. C.; Protsailo, L.; Guerrero, S.; Park, J. H.; Xia, X. H.; et al. Nano Lett. 2013, 13, 3420. doi: 10.1021/nl401881z doi: 10.1021/nl401881z
46. [46]
  Cui, C. H.; Gan, L.; Li, H. H.; Yu, S. H.; Heggen, M.; Strasser, P. Nano Lett. 2012, 12, 5885. doi: 10.1021/nl3032795 doi: 10.1021/nl3032795
47. [47]
  Chan, Q. W.; Xu, Y.; Duan, Z. Y.; Xiao, F.; Fu, F.; Hong, Y. M.; Kim, J.; Choi, S. I.; Su, D.; Shao, M. H. Nano Lett. 2017, 17, 3926. doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b01510 doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b01510
48. [48]
  Wu, J. B.; Gross, A.; Yang, H. Nano Lett. 2011, 11, 798. doi: 10.1021/nl104094p doi: 10.1021/nl104094p
49. [49]
  Huang, X. Q.; Zhao, Z. P.; Cao, L.; Chen, Y.; Zhu, E. B.; Lin, Z. Y.; Li, M. F.; Yan, A. M.; Zettl, A.; Wang, Y. M.; et al. Science 2015, 348, 1230. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa8765 doi: 10.1126/science.aaa8765
50. [50]
  Jia, Q. Y.; Zhao, Z. P.; Cao, L.; Li, J. K.; Ghoshal, S.; Davies, V.; Stavitski, E.; Attenkofer, K.; Liu, Z. Y.; Li, M. F.; et al. Nano Lett. 2018, 18, 798. doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b04007 doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b04007
51. [51]
  Beermann, V.; Gocyla, M.; Willinger, E.; Rudi, S.; Heggen, M.; Dunin-Borkowski, R. E.; Willinger, M. G.; Strasser, P. Nano Lett. 2016, 16, 1719. doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b04636 doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b04636
52. [52]
  Lim, J.; Shin, H.; Kim, M.; Lee, H.; Lee, K. S.; Kwon, Y.; Song, D.; Oh, S.; Kim, H.; Cho, E. Nano Lett 2018, 18, 2450. doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b00028 doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b00028
53. [53]
  Zhang, C. L.; Sandorf, W.; Peng, Z. M. ACS Catal. 2015, 5, 2296. doi: 10.1021/cs502112g doi: 10.1021/cs502112g
54. [54]
  Li, Y. J.; Quan, F. X.; Chen, L.; Zhang, W. J.; Yu, H. B.; Chen, C. F. RSC Adv. 2014, 4, 1895. doi: 10.1039/c3ra46299d doi: 10.1039/c3ra46299d
55. [55]
  Zhang, J.; Sasaki, K.; Sutter, E.; Adzic, R. R. Science 2007, 315, 220. doi: 10.1126/science.1134569 doi: 10.1126/science.1134569
56. [56]
  Wu, Z. F.; Su, Y. Q.; Hensen, E. J. M.; Tian, X. L.; You, C. H.; Xu, Q. J. Mater. Chem. A 2019, 7, 26402. doi: 10.1039/c9ta08682j doi: 10.1039/c9ta08682j
57. [57]
  Lu, B. A.; Sheng, T.; Tian, N.; Zhang, Z. C.; Xiao, C.; Cao, Z. M.; Ma, H. B.; Zhou, Z. Y.; Sun, S. G. Nano Energy 2017, 33, 65. doi: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2017.01.003 doi: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2017.01.003
58. [58]
  Kuttiyiel, K. A.; Kattel, S.; Cheng, S. B.; Lee, J. H.; Wu, L. J.; Zhu, Y. M.; Park, G. G.; Liu, P.; Sasaki, K.; Chen, J. G. G.; et al. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. 2018, 1, 3771. doi: 10.1021/acsaem.8b00555 doi: 10.1021/acsaem.8b00555
59. [59]
  Sun, S. H.; Murray, C. B.; Weller, D.; Folks, L.; Moser, A. Science 2000, 287, 1989. doi: 10.1126/science.287.5460.1989 doi: 10.1126/science.287.5460.1989
60. [60]
  Chen, M.; Kim, J.; Liu, J. P.; Fan, H. Y.; Sun, S. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128, 7132. doi: 10.1021/ja061704x doi: 10.1021/ja061704x
61. [61]
  Kim, J.; Rong, C. B.; Lee, Y.; Liu, J. P.; Sun, S. H. Chem. Mater. 2008, 20, 7242. doi: 10.1021/cm8024878 doi: 10.1021/cm8024878
62. [62]
  Zhang, L.; Roling, L. T.; Wang, X.; Vara, M.; Chi, M.; Liu, J.; Choi, S. I.; Park, J.; Herron, J. A.; Xie, Z.; et al. Science 2015, 349, 412. doi: 10.1126/science.aab0801 doi: 10.1126/science.aab0801
63. [63]
  Qi, Z. Y.; Xiao, C. X.; Liu, C.; Goh, T. W.; Zhou, L.; Maligal-Ganesh, R.; Pei, Y. C.; Li, X. L.; Curtiss, L. A.; Huang, W. Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2017, 139, 4762. doi: 10.1021/jacs.6b12780 doi: 10.1021/jacs.6b12780
64. [64]
  Kim, J. M.; Rong, C. B.; Liu, J. P.; Sun, S. H. Adv. Mater. 2009, 21, 906. doi: 10.1002/adma.200801620 doi: 10.1002/adma.200801620
65. [65]
  Kang, S. S.; Miao, G. X.; Shi, S.; Jia, Z.; Nikles, D. E.; Harrell, J. W. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128, 1042. doi: 10.1021/ja057343n doi: 10.1021/ja057343n
66. [66]
  Yi, D. K.; Selvan, S. T.; Lee, S. S.; Papaefthymiou, G. C.; Kundaliya, D.; Ying, J. Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 4990. doi: 10.1021/ja0428863 doi: 10.1021/ja0428863
67. [67]
  Lee, D. C.; Mikulec, F. V.; Pelaez, J. M.; Koo, B.; Korgel, B. A. J. Phys. Chem. B 2006, 110, 11160. doi: 10.1021/jp060974z doi: 10.1021/jp060974z
68. [68]
  Wang, T.; Liang, J.; Zhao, Z.; Li, S.; Lu, G.; Xia, Z.; Wang, C.; Luo, J.; Han, J.; Ma, C.; et al. Adv. Energy Mater. 2019, 9, 1803771. doi: 10.1002/aenm.201803771 doi: 10.1002/aenm.201803771
69. [69]
  Chung, D. Y.; Jun, S. W.; Yoon, G.; Kwon, S. G.; Shin, D. Y.; Seo, P.; Yoo, J. M.; Shin, H.; Chung, Y. H.; Kim, H.; et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2015, 137, 15478. doi: 10.1021/jacs.5b09653 doi: 10.1021/jacs.5b09653
70. [70]
  Du, X. X.; He, Y.; Wang, X. X.; Wang, J. N. Energy Environ. Sci. 2016, 9, 2623. doi: 10.1039/C6EE01204C doi: 10.1039/C6EE01204C
71. [71]
  Jung, C.; Lee, C.; Bang, K.; Lim, J.; Lee, H.; Ryu, H. J.; Cho, E.; Lee, H. M. ACS Appl. Mater. Inter. 2017, 9, 31806. doi: 10.1021/acsami.7b07648 doi: 10.1021/acsami.7b07648
72. [72]
  Chen, H.; Wang, D.; Yu, Y.; Newton, K. A.; Muller, D. A.; Abruna, H.; DiSalvo, F. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 18453. doi: 10.1021/ja308674b doi: 10.1021/ja308674b
73. [73]
  Dong, A. G.; Chen, J.; Ye, X. C.; Kikkawa, J. M.; Murray, C. B. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 13296. doi: 10.1021/ja2057314 doi: 10.1021/ja2057314
74. [74]
  Zhang, S.; Zhang, X.; Jiang, G. M.; Zhu, H. Y.; Guo, S. J.; Su, D.; Lu, G.; Sun, S. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2014, 136, 7734. doi: 10.1021/ja5030172 doi: 10.1021/ja5030172
75. [75]
  Wang, D. L.; Xin, H. L. L.; Hovden, R.; Wang, H. S.; Yu, Y. C.; Muller, D. A.; DiSalvo, F. J.; Abruna, H. D. Nat. Mater. 2013, 12, 81. doi: 10.1038/Nmat3458 doi: 10.1038/Nmat3458
76. [76]
  Li, J.; Sharma, S.; Liu, X.; Pan, Y. T.; Spendelow, J. S.; Chi, M.; Jia, Y.; Zhang, P.; Cullen, D. A.; Xi, Z.; et al. Joule 2019, 3, 124. doi: 10.1016/j.joule.2018.09.016 doi: 10.1016/j.joule.2018.09.016
77. [77]
  Liang, J. S.; Li, N.; Zhao, Z. L.; Ma, L.; Wang, X. M.; Li, S. Z.; Liu, X.; Wang, T. Y.; Du, Y. P.; Lu, G.; et al. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2019, 58, 15471. doi: 10.1002/anie.201908824 doi: 10.1002/anie.201908824
78. [78]
  Wang, X. X.; Hwang, S.; Pan, Y. T.; Chen, K.; He, Y.; Karakalos, S.; Zhang, H.; Spendelow, J. S.; Su, D.; Wu, G. Nano Lett. 2018, 18, 4163. doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b00978 doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b00978
79. [79]
  Gimenez-Lopez, M. D.; Kurtoglu, A.; Walsh, D. A.; Khlobystov, A. N. Adv. Mater. 2016, 28, 9103. doi: 10.1002/adma.201602485 doi: 10.1002/adma.201602485
80. [80]
  Cheng, N. C.; Banis, M. N.; Liu, J.; Riese, A.; Li, X.; Li, R. Y.; Ye, S. Y.; Knights, S.; Sun, X. L. Adv. Mater. 2015, 27, 277. doi: 10.1002/adma.201404314 doi: 10.1002/adma.201404314
81. [81]
  Jiang, K. Z.; Zhao, D. D.; Guo, S. J.; Zhang, X.; Zhu, X.; Guo, J.; Lu, G.; Huang, X. Q. Sci. Adv. 2017, 3, e1601705. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.1601705 doi: 10.1126/sciadv.1601705
82. [82]
  Gao, F.; Zhang, Y. P.; Song, P. P.; Wang, J.; Yan, B.; Sun, Q. W.; Li, L.; Zhu, X.; Du, Y. K. Nanoscale 2019, 11, 4831. doi: 10.1039/c8nr09892a doi: 10.1039/c8nr09892a
83. [83]
  Song, P. P.; Xu, H.; Wang, J.; Zhang, Y. P.; Gao, F.; Guo, J.; Shiraishi, Y.; Du, Y. K. Nanoscale 2018, 10, 16468. doi: 10.1039/c8nr04918a doi: 10.1039/c8nr04918a
84. [84]
  Huang, H. W.; Li, K.; Chen, Z.; Luo, L. H.; Gu, Y. Q.; Zhang, D. Y.; Ma, C.; Si, R.; Yang, J. L.; Peng, Z. M.; et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2017, 139, 8152. doi: 10.1021/jacs.7b01036 doi: 10.1021/jacs.7b01036
85. [85]
  Li, K.; Li, X. X.; Huang, H. W.; Luo, L. H.; Li, X.; Yan, X. P.; Ma, C.; Si, R.; Yang, J. L.; Zeng, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2018, 140, 16159. doi: 10.1021/jacs.8b08836 doi: 10.1021/jacs.8b08836
86. [86]
  Jung, S. M.; Yun, S. W.; Kim, J. H.; You, S. H.; Park, J.; Lee, S.; Chang, S. H.; Chae, S. C.; Joo, S. H.; Jung, Y.; et al. Nat. Catal. 2020, 3, 681. doi: 10.1038/s41929-020-00501-0 doi: 10.1038/s41929-020-00501-0
87. [87]
  Liu, Y.; Mustain, W. E. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135, 530. doi: 10.1021/ja307635r doi: 10.1021/ja307635r
88. [88]
  Jimenez-Morales, I.; Haidar, F.; Cavaliere, S.; Jones, D.; Roziere, J. ACS Catal. 2020, 10, 10399. doi: 10.1021/acscatal.0c02220 doi: 10.1021/acscatal.0c02220
89. [89]
  He, C.; Sankarasubramanian, S.; Matanovic, I.; Atanassov, P.; Ramani, V. ChemSusChem 2019, 12, 3468. doi: 10.1002/cssc.201900499 doi: 10.1002/cssc.201900499
90. [90]
  Park, C.; Lee, E.; Lee, G.; Tak, Y. Appl. Catal. B-Environ. 2020, 268, 118414. doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2019.118414 doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2019.118414
91. [91]
  Qiao, Z.; Hwang, S.; Li, X.; Wang, C. Y.; Samarakoon, W.; Karakalos, S.; Li, D. G.; Chen, M. J.; He, Y. H.; Wang, M. Y.; et al. Energy Environ. Sci. 2019, 12, 2830. doi: 10.1039/c9ee01899a doi: 10.1039/c9ee01899a
1. [1]
  Hailang JIA , Hongcheng LI , Pengcheng JI , Yang TENG , Mingyun GUAN . Preparation and performance of N-doped carbon nanotubes composite Co₃O₄ as oxygen reduction reaction electrocatalysts. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(4): 693-700. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20230402
2. [2]
  Jinyi Sun , Lin Ma , Yanjie Xi , Jing Wang . Preparation and Electrocatalytic Nitrogen Reduction Performance Study of Vanadium Nitride@Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Composite Nanomaterials: A Recommended Comprehensive Chemistry Experiment. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(4): 184-191. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202310094
3. [3]
  Tongtong Zhao , Yan Wang , Shiyue Qin , Liang Xu , Zhenhua Li . New Experiment Development: Upgrading and Regeneration of Discarded PET Plastic through Electrocatalysis. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(3): 308-315. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202309003
4. [4]
  Shitao Fu , Jianming Zhang , Cancan Cao , Zhihui Wang , Chaoran Qin , Jian Zhang , Hui Xiong . Study on the Stability of Purple Cabbage Pigment. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(4): 367-372. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202401059
5. [5]
  Jiaxi Xu , Yuan Ma . Influence of Hyperconjugation on the Stability and Stable Conformation of Ethane, Hydrazine, and Hydrogen Peroxide. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(11): 374-377. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202402049
6. [6]
  Xiaofeng Zhu , Bingbing Xiao , Jiaxin Su , Shuai Wang , Qingran Zhang , Jun Wang . Transition Metal Oxides/Chalcogenides for Electrochemical Oxygen Reduction into Hydrogen Peroxides. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(12): 2407005-. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202407005
7. [7]
  Xi Xu , Chaokai Zhu , Leiqing Cao , Zhuozhao Wu , Cao Guan . Experiential Education and 3D-Printed Alloys: Innovative Exploration and Student Development. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(2): 347-357. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202308039
8. [8]
  Jiapei Zou , Junyang Zhang , Xuming Wu , Cong Wei , Simin Fang , Yuxi Wang . A Comprehensive Experiment Based on Electrocatalytic Nitrate Reduction into Ammonia: Synthesis, Characterization, Performance Exploration, and Applicable Design of Copper-based Catalysts. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(6): 373-382. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202312081
9. [9]
  Dan Li , Hui Xin , Xiaofeng Yi . Comprehensive Experimental Design on Ni-based Catalyst for Biofuel Production. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(8): 204-211. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202312046
10. [10]
  Yanan Liu , Yufei He , Dianqing Li . Preparation of Highly Dispersed LDHs-based Catalysts and Testing of Nitro Compound Reduction Performance: A Comprehensive Chemical Experiment for Research Transformation. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(8): 306-313. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202401081
11. [11]
  Kun WANG , Wenrui LIU , Peng JIANG , Yuhang SONG , Lihua CHEN , Zhao DENG . Hierarchical hollow structured BiOBr-Pt catalysts for photocatalytic CO₂ reduction. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(7): 1270-1278. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240037
12. [12]
  Yuanyin Cui , Jinfeng Zhang , Hailiang Chu , Lixian Sun , Kai Dai . Rational Design of Bismuth Based Photocatalysts for Solar Energy Conversion. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(12): 2405016-. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202405016
13. [13]
  Wen YANG , Didi WANG , Ziyi HUANG , Yaping ZHOU , Yanyan FENG . La promoted hydrotalcite derived Ni-based catalysts: In situ preparation and CO₂ methanation performance. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(3): 561-570. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20230276
14. [14]
  Zhiquan Zhang , Baker Rhimi , Zheyang Liu , Min Zhou , Guowei Deng , Wei Wei , Liang Mao , Huaming Li , Zhifeng Jiang . Insights into the Development of Copper-based Photocatalysts for CO₂ Conversion. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(12): 2406029-. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202406029
15. [15]
  Yi YANG , Shuang WANG , Wendan WANG , Limiao CHEN . Photocatalytic CO₂ reduction performance of Z-scheme Ag-Cu₂O/BiVO₄ photocatalyst. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(5): 895-906. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20230434
16. [16]
  Xuyang Wang , Jiapei Zhang , Lirui Zhao , Xiaowen Xu , Guizheng Zou , Bin Zhang . Theoretical Study on the Structure and Stability of Copper-Ammonia Coordination Ions. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(3): 384-389. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202309065
17. [17]
  Qiangqiang SUN , Pengcheng ZHAO , Ruoyu WU , Baoyue CAO . Multistage microporous bifunctional catalyst constructed by P-doped nickel-based sulfide ultra-thin nanosheets for energy-efficient hydrogen production from water electrolysis. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(6): 1151-1161. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20230454
18. [18]
  Zhiwen HU , Weixia DONG , Qifu BAO , Ping LI . Low-temperature synthesis of tetragonal BaTiO₃ for piezocatalysis. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(5): 857-866. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20230462
19. [19]
  Kai CHEN , Fengshun WU , Shun XIAO , Jinbao ZHANG , Lihua ZHU . PtRu/nitrogen-doped carbon for electrocatalytic methanol oxidation and hydrogen evolution by water electrolysis. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(7): 1357-1367. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20230350
20. [20]
  Xiaoning TANG , Junnan LIU , Xingfu YANG , Jie LEI , Qiuyang LUO , Shu XIA , An XUE . Effect of sodium alginate-sodium carboxymethylcellulose gel layer on the stability of Zn anodes. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(8): 1452-1460. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240191

Get Citation

PDF

XML

Metrics

PDF Downloads(44)
Abstract views(1264)
HTML views(357)

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142