Citation: Wang Jian, Ding Wei, Wei Zidong. Performance of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells at Ultra-Low Platinum Loadings[J]. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, ;2021, 37(9): 200909. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202009094 shu

Performance of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells at Ultra-Low Platinum Loadings

Chongqing Key Laboratory of Chemical Process for Clean Energy and Resource Utilization, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China

Corresponding author: Ding Wei, dingwei128@cqu.edu.cn Wei Zidong, zdwei@cqu.edu.cn
Received Date: 29 September 2020
Revised Date: 27 October 2020
Accepted Date: 30 October 2020
Available Online: 6 November 2020
Fund Project: the National Natural Science Foundation of China 22022502the Program for the Top Young Innovative Talents of Chongqing 02200011130003the National Natural Science Foundation of China 21776024The project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22022502, 21776024) and the Program for the Top Young Innovative Talents of Chongqing (02200011130003)

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) generate electricity from hydrogen, powering a range of applications while emitting nothing but water. Therefore, PEMFCs are regarded as an environmentally friendly alternative to internal combustion engines for the future. Nevertheless, the high cost and scarcity of platinum (Pt) sources prevent the widespread adoption of fuel cells. With the development of fuel cell manufacturing technology, current Pt utilization has increased to a relatively high level of 0.2 g·kW^-1 in PEMFCs. However, according to the PGM market report from Johnson Matthey (2020), current Pt utilization in fuel cells is still too low to meet the need for its large-scale application in the automotive industry, unless the Pt utilization can be further reduced to an ultra-low level (0.01 g·kW^-1). Therefore, higher Pt mass activity and higher Pt utilization must be realized in membrane electrode assemblies (MEA) to achieve ultra-low Pt loadings and a reduced Pt usage. Many key variables affect the performance of MEA, such as the activity of electrocatalysts, conductivity and distribution of ionomers, gas diffusion in carbon papers, and the thickness of the proton exchange membrane. For example, a wide variety of highly promising catalysts have been developed, such as shape-controlled Pt nanocrystals, Pt alloy/de-alloys, core-shells, the synergetic effect of active supports, single atom/single-atom layer catalysts for improving the utilization of Pt, and anti-poisoning catalysts. However, the super-high activity of a Pt catalyst is elusive in a real fuel cell because of the lack of a fundamental understanding of the reaction interface structure and mass transfer properties in real cells. For instance, the recently developed Pt-Ni nanoframes that exhibited an extremely high mass activity of 5.7 A·mg^-1 for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in a liquid half-cell only showed about one-tenth the activity in a real fuel cell (0.76 A·mg^-1 Pt at 0.90 V). To achieve widespread adoption of Pt in fuel cells, we urgently need to explore new combinations of electrocatalysts, ionomers, gas diffusion layers, and proton exchange membranes. Taking into account all these factors, recent advances have enhanced the performance of MEA, such as a neural-network-like catalyst structure for higher Pt utilization, a highly order-structured with vertically aligned carbon nanotubes as a highly ordered catalyst layer that exhibits higher mass transfer efficiency, a novel anti-flooding electrode, a higher oxygen permeability and ionic conductivity ionomer, and an ultrathin MEA with low Pt loading that exhibits higher fuel cell output efficiency. This review mainly focuses on the recent progress in fuel cell cathode performance at ultra-low Pt loadings. To achieve the ultimate goal of Pt utilization (0.01 g·kW^-1), further efforts to accelerate this progress are urgently needed, including improving catalytic performance by using highly active and stable supports, decreasing the gas diffusion resistance, enhancing the water management in the catalytic layer, improving the anti-poisoning property, and establishing an integrated ultra-thin and low platinum film electrode.
- Proton exchange membrane fuel cell,
- Pt-based electrocatalyst,
- Proton Membrane,
- Catalyst layer
1. [1]
  Gong, Y. Synthesis, Characterization and Performance Testing of Pt-Based Electrocatalysts for Low Temperature Pem Fuel Cells. In Chemical Engineering, Energy; ProQuest Dissertations Publishing: Ann Arbor, 2008; p. 0176.
2. [2]
  Nie, Y.; Li, L.; Wei, Z. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2015, 44, 2168. doi: 10.1002/chin.201525299 doi: 10.1002/chin.201525299
3. [3]
  Stephens, I. E. L.; Rossmeisl, J.; Chorkendorff, I. Science 2016, 354, 1378. doi: 10.1126/science.aal3303 doi: 10.1126/science.aal3303
4. [4]
  Gasteiger, H. A.; Marković, N. M. Science 2009, 324, 48. doi: 10.1126/science.1172083 doi: 10.1126/science.1172083
5. [5]
  Middelman, E. Fuel Cells Bull. 2002, 2002, 9. doi: 10.1016/S1464-2859(02)11028-5 doi: 10.1016/S1464-2859(02)11028-5
6. [6]
  Lin, R.; Cai, X.; Zeng, H.; Yu, Z. Adv. Mater. 2018, 30, e1705332. doi: 10.1002/adma.201705332 doi: 10.1002/adma.201705332
7. [7]
  Sui, S.; Wang, X.; Zhou, X.; Su, Y.; Riffat, S.; Liu, C. J. J. Mater. Chem. A 2017, 5, 1808.doi: 10.1039/C6TA08580F doi: 10.1039/C6TA08580F
8. [8]
  Markovic, N.; Adžic, R. R.; Cahan, B. D.; Yeager, E. J. Electroanal. Chem. 1994, 377, 249. doi: 10.1016/0022-0728(94)03467-2 doi: 10.1016/0022-0728(94)03467-2
9. [9]
  Markovic, N. M.; Gasteiger, H. A.; Ross, P. N. J. Phys. Chem. 1996, 100, 6715. doi: 10.1021/j100011a001 doi: 10.1021/j100011a001
10. [10]
  Markovic, N. M.; Gasteiger, H. A.; Ross, P. N. J. Phys. Chem. 1995, 99, 3411. doi: 10.1021/j100011a001 doi: 10.1021/j100011a001
11. [11]
  Wu, J.; Yang, H. Nano Res. 2010, 4, 72. doi: 10.1007/s12274-010-0049-x doi: 10.1007/s12274-010-0049-x
12. [12]
  Wu, J.; Qi, L.; You, H.; Gross, A.; Li, J.; Yang, H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 11880. doi: 10.1021/ja303950v doi: 10.1021/ja303950v
13. [13]
  Tian, N.; Zhou, Z.; Sun, S.; Ding, Y.; Wang, Z. L. Science 2007, 316, 732. doi: 10.1126/science.1140484 doi: 10.1126/science.1140484
14. [14]
  Lee, S. W.; Chen, S.; Sheng, W.; Yabuuchi, N.; Kim, Y.; Mitani, T.; Vescovo, E.; Shaohorn, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 15669. doi: 10.1021/ja9025648 doi: 10.1021/ja9025648
15. [15]
  Zhou, Z.; Huang, Z.; Chen, D.; Wang, Q.; Tian, N.; Sun, S. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2010, 49, 411.doi: 10.1002/ange.200905413 doi: 10.1002/ange.200905413
16. [16]
  Han, N.; Zhou, Z. Y.; Sun, S. G.; Ding, Y.; Wang, Z. L. Science 2007. doi: 10.1126/science.1140484 doi: 10.1126/science.1140484
17. [17]
  Liu, S.; Tian, N.; Xie, A. Y.; Du, J. H.; Xiao, J.; Liu, L.; Sun, H. Y.; Cheng, Z. Y.; Zhou, Z. Y.; Sun, S. G. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2016, 138, 5753. doi: 10.1021/jacs.5b13473 doi: 10.1021/jacs.5b13473
18. [18]
  Yu, T.; Kim, D. Y.; Zhang, H.; Xia, Y. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2011, 50, 2773. doi: 10.1002/anie.201007859 doi: 10.1002/anie.201007859
19. [19]
  Landsman, D. A.; Luczak, F. J., Noble Metal-Chromium Alloy Catalysts and Electrochemical Cell. US Patent, US06/160517, 1982.
20. [20]
  Jia, Q.; Liang, W.; Bates, M. K.; Mani, P.; Lee, W.; Mukerjee, S. ACS Nano 2015, 9, 387. doi: 10.1021/nn506721f doi: 10.1021/nn506721f
21. [21]
  Stephens, I. E. L.; Bondarenko, A. S.; Grønbjerg, U.; Rossmeisl, J.; Chorkendorff, I. Energ. Environ. Sci. 2012, 5, 6744. doi: 10.1039/C2EE03590A doi: 10.1039/C2EE03590A
22. [22]
  Kugler, E.; Boudart, M. J. Catal. 1979, 59, 201. doi: 10.1016/S0021-9517(79)80025-1 doi: 10.1016/S0021-9517(79)80025-1
23. [23]
  Lim, J.; Shin, H.; Kim, M.; Lee, H.; Lee, K. S.; Kwon, Y.; Song, D.; Oh, S.; Kim, H.; Cho, E. Nano Lett. 2018, 18, 2450. doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b00028 doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b00028
24. [24]
  Huang, X.; Zhao, Z.; Cao, L.; Chen, Y.; Zhu, E.; Lin, Z.; Li, M.; Yan, A.; Zettl, A.; Wang, Y. M. Science 2015, 348, 1230. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa8765 doi: 10.1126/science.aaa8765
25. [25]
  Koh, S.; Strasser, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129, 42, 12624. doi: 10.1021/ja0742784 doi: 10.1021/ja0742784
26. [26]
  Wang, H.; Xu, S.; Tsai, C.; Li, Y.; Liu, C.; Zhao, J.; Liu, Y.; Yuan, H.; Abild-Pedersen, F.; Prinz, F. B. Science 2016, 354, 1031. doi: 10.1126/science.aaf7680 doi: 10.1126/science.aaf7680
27. [27]
  Bu, L.; Zhang, N.; Guo, S.; Zhang, X.; Li, J.; Yao, J.; Wu, T.; Lu, G.; Ma, J. Y.; Su, D. Science 2016, 354, 1410. doi: 10.1126/science.aah6133 doi: 10.1126/science.aah6133
28. [28]
  Wang, X. X.; Hwang, S.; Pan, Y. T.; Chen, K.; He, Y.; Karakalos, S.; Zhang, H.; Spendelow, J. S.; Su, D.; Wu, G. Nano Lett. 2018, 18, 4163. doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b00978 doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b00978
29. [29]
  Wang, Q.; Wang, Q.; Chen, S.; Shi, F.; Chen, K.; Nie, Y.; Wang, Y.; Wu, R.; Li, J.; Zhang, Y.; Ding, W.; Li, Y.; Li, L.; Wei, Z. Adv. Mater. 2016, 28, 10673. doi: 10.1002/adma.201603509 doi: 10.1002/adma.201603509
30. [30]
  Feng, Y.; Huang, B.; Yang, C.; Shao, Q.; Huang, X. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2019, 29, 1904429. doi: 10.1002/adfm.201904429 doi: 10.1002/adfm.201904429
31. [31]
  Tian, X.; Zhao, X.; Su, Y. Q.; Wang, L.; Wang, H.; Dang, D.; Chi, B.; Liu, H.; Hensen, E. J. M.; Lou, X. W. Science. 2019, 366, 850. doi: 10.1126/science.aaw7493 doi: 10.1126/science.aaw7493
32. [32]
  Chen, C.; Kang, Y.; Huo, Z.; Zhu, Z.; Huang, W.; Xin, H. L.; Snyder, J.; Li, D.; Herron, J. A.; Mavrikakis, M. Science 2014, 343, 1339. doi: 10.1126/science.1249061 doi: 10.1126/science.1249061
33. [33]
  Li, M.; Zhao, Z.; Cheng, T.; Fortunelli, A.; Chen, C.; Yu, R.; Zhang, Q.; Gu, L.; Merinov, B. V.; Lin, Z. Science 2016, 354, 1414. doi: 10.1126/science.aaf9050 doi: 10.1126/science.aaf9050
34. [34]
  Zeng, X.; Shui, J.; Liu, X.; Liu, Q.; Li, Y.; Shang, J.; Zheng, L.; Yu, R. Adv. Energy Mater. 2018, 8, 1701345. doi: 10.1002/aenm.201701345 doi: 10.1002/aenm.201701345
35. [35]
  Cui, L.; Li, Z.; Wang, H.; Cui, L.; Zhang, J.; Lu, S.; Xiang, Y. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. 2020, 3, 3807. doi: 10.1021/acsaem.0c00255 doi: 10.1021/acsaem.0c00255
36. [36]
  Chong, L.; Wen, J.; Kubal, J.; Sen, F.; Zou, J.; Greeley, J. P.; Chan, M. K. Y.; Barkholtz, H. M.; Ding, W.; Liu, D. Science 2018, 362, 1276. doi: 10.1126/science.aau0630 doi: 10.1126/science.aau0630
37. [37]
  Ao, X.; Zhang, W.; Zhao, B.; Ding, Y.; Nam, G.; Soule, L.; Abdelhafiz, A.; Wang, C.; Liu, M. Energ. Environ. Sci. 2020. doi: 10.1039/D0EE00832J doi: 10.1039/D0EE00832J
38. [38]
  Chen, Y.; Ji, S.; Wang, Y.; Dong, J.; Chen, W.; Li, Z.; Shen R.; Zheng L.; Zhuang Z.; Wang, D.; Li, Y. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2017, 56, 6937. doi: 10.1002/ange.201702473 doi: 10.1002/ange.201702473
39. [39]
  Yin, P.; Yao, T.; Wu, Y.; Zheng, L.; Lin, Y.; Liu, W.; Ju, H.; Zhu, J.; Hong, X.; Deng, Z. Zhou, G.; Wei, S.; Li, Y. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2016, 55, 10800. doi: 10.1002/anie.201604802 doi: 10.1002/anie.201604802
40. [40]
  Qu, Y.; Li, Z.; Chen, W.; Lin, Y.; Yuan, T.; Yang, Z.; Zhao, C.; Wang, J.; Zhao, C.; Wang, X.; Zhou, F.; Zhuang, Z.; Wu, Y.; Li, Y. Nat. Catal. 2018, 1, 781. doi: 10.1038/s41929-018-0146-x doi: 10.1038/s41929-018-0146-x
41. [41]
  Wan, C.; Duan, X.; Huang, Y. Adv. Energy Mater. 2020, 10, 1903815. doi: 10.1002/aenm.201903815 doi: 10.1002/aenm.201903815
42. [42]
  Wei, S. J.; Li, A.; Liu, J. C.; Li, Z.; Chen, W. X.; Gong, Y.; Zhang, Q.H.; Cheong, W. C.; Wang, Y.; Zheng, L. R.; Xiao, H.; Chen, C.; Wang, D. S.; Peng, Q.; Gu, L.; Han, X. D.; Li, J.; Li, Y. D. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2018, 13, 856. doi: 10.1038/s41565-018-0197-9 doi: 10.1038/s41565-018-0197-9
43. [43]
  Fu, Q.; Saltsburg, H.; Flytzani-tephanopoulos, M. Science 2003, 301, 935. doi: 10.1126/science.1085721 doi: 10.1126/science.1085721
44. [44]
  Liu, J.; Jiao, M.; Lu, L.; Barkholtz, H. M.; Li, Y.; Wang, Y.; Jiang, L.; Wu, Z.; Liu, D.; Zhuang, L.; Ma, C.; Zeng, J.; Zhang, B.; Su, D.; Song, P.; Xing, W.; Xu, W.; Wang, Y.; Jiang, Z.; Sun, G. Nat. Commun. 2017, 8, 15938. doi: 10.1038/ncomms16160 doi: 10.1038/ncomms16160
45. [45]
  Liu, J.; Jiao, M.; Mei, B.; Tong, Y.; Li, Y.; Ruan, M.; Song, P.; Sun, G.; Jiang, L.; Wang, Y.; Jiang, Z.; Gu, L.; Zhou, Z.; Xu, W.; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2019, 58, 1163. doi: 10.1002/anie.201812423 doi: 10.1002/anie.201812423
46. [46]
  Zhao, J.; Deng, Q.; Bachmatiuk, A.; Sandeep, G.; Popov, A. A.; Eckert, J.; Rummeli, M. H. Science 2014, 343, 1228. doi: 10.1126/science.1245273 doi: 10.1126/science.1245273
47. [47]
  Huang, X.; Tang, S.; Mu, X.; Dai, Y.; Chen, G.; Zhou, Z.; Ruan, F.; Yang, Z.; Zheng, N. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2011, 6, 28. doi: 10.1038/nnano.2010.235 doi: 10.1038/nnano.2010.235
48. [48]
  Duan, H.; Yan, N.; Yu, R.; Chang, C.; Zhou, G.; Hu, H.; Rong, H.; Niu, Z.; Mao, J.; Asakura, H. Nat. Commun. 2014, 5, 3093. doi: 10.1038/ncomms4093 doi: 10.1038/ncomms4093
49. [49]
  Niu, J.; Wang, D.; Qin, H.; Xiong, X.; Tan, P.; Li, Y.; Liu, R.; Lu, X.; Wu, J.; Zhang, T. Nat. Commun. 2014, 5, 3313. doi: 10.1038/ncomms4313 doi: 10.1038/ncomms4313
50. [50]
  Jang, K.; Kim, H. J.; Son, S. U. Chem. Mater. 2010, 22, 1273. doi: 10.1021/cm902948v doi: 10.1021/cm902948v
51. [51]
  Jiang, J.; Ding, W.; Li, W.; Wei, Z. Chem 2020, 6, 431. doi: 10.1016/j.chempr.2019.11.003 doi: 10.1016/j.chempr.2019.11.003
52. [52]
  Lang, X. Y.; Han, G. F.; Xiao, B. B.; Gu, L.; Yang, Z. Z.; Wen, Z.; Zhu, Y. F.; Zhao, M.; Li, J. C.; Jiang, Q. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2015, 25, 230. doi: 10.1002/adfm.201401868 doi: 10.1002/adfm.201401868
53. [53]
  Liu, X.; Wang, H.; Chen, S.; Qi, X.; Gao, H.; Hui, Y.; Bai, Y.; Guo, L.; Ding, W.; Wei, Z. J. Energy Chem. 2014, 23, 358. doi: 10.1016/S2095-4956(14)60158-3 doi: 10.1016/S2095-4956(14)60158-3
54. [54]
  Najam, T.; Shah, S. S. A.; Ding, W.; Jiang, J.; Jia, L.; Yao, W.; Li, L.; Wei, Z. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2018, 57, 15101. doi: 10.1002/anie.201808383 doi: 10.1002/anie.201808383
55. [55]
  Harzer, G. S.; SchwMmlein, J. N.; Damjanovi, A. M.; Ghosh, S.; Gasteiger, H. A. J. Electrochem. Soc. 2018, 165, F3118. doi: 10.1149/2.0161806jes doi: 10.1149/2.0161806jes
56. [56]
  Wang, J.; Wu, G.; Wang, W.; Xuan, W.; Jiang, J.; Wang, J.; Li, L.; Lin, W. F.; Ding, W.; Wei, Z. J. Mater. Chem. A 2019, 7, 19786. doi: 10.1039/C9TA06712D doi: 10.1039/C9TA06712D
57. [57]
  Yarlagadda, V.; Carpenter, M. K.; Moylan, T. E.; Kukreja, R. S.; Koestner, R.; Gu, W.; Thompson, L.; Kongkanand, A. ACS Energy Lett. 2018, 3, 618.doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.8b00186 doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.8b00186
58. [58]
  Muzaffar, T.; Kadyk, T.; Eikerling, M. Sustain. Energy Fuels 2018, 2, 1189. doi: 10.1039/C8SE00026C doi: 10.1039/C8SE00026C
59. [59]
  Wang, J.; Wu, G.; Xuan, W.; Wang, W.; Ding, W.; Wei, Z. Int. J. Hydrogen Energ. 2020, 45, 22649. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.06.047 doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.06.047
60. [60]
  Chen, S.; Wei, Z.; Li, H.; Li, L. Chem. Commun. 2010, 46, 8782. doi: 10.1039/c0cc02802a doi: 10.1039/c0cc02802a
61. [61]
  Wang, M.; Rome, G.; Medina, S.; Pfeilsticker, J. R.; Kang, Z.; Pylypenko, S.; Ulsh, M.; Bender, G. J. Power Sources 2020, 466, 228344. doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.228344 doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.228344
62. [62]
  Wang, Q.; Eikerling, M.; Song, D.; Liu, Z.; Navessin, T.; Zhong, X.; Holdcroft, S. J. Electrochem. Soc. 2005, 151, A1171. doi: 10.1149/1.1753580 doi: 10.1149/1.1753580
63. [63]
  Yu, H.; Baricci, A.; Casalegno, A.; Guetaz, L.; Bonville, L.; Maric, R. Electrochim. Acta 2017, 247, 1169. doi: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.06.145 doi: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.06.145
64. [64]
  Yu, H.; Baricci, A.; Bisello, A.; Casalegno, A.; Guetaz, L.; Bonville, L.; Maric, R. Electrochim. Acta 2017, 247, 1155. doi: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.07.093 doi: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.07.093
65. [65]
  Zheng, Z.; Yang, F.; Lin, C.; Zhu, F.; Shen, S.; Wei, G.; Zhang, J. J. Power Sources, 2020, 451, 227729. doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.227729 doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.227729
66. [66]
  Tian, Z. Q.; Lim, S.; Poh, C.; Tang, z.; Xia, Z.; Luo, Z.; Shen, P.; Chua, Y.; Feng, Y.; Shen, Z.; Lin, J. Adv. Energy Mater. 2011, 1, 1205. doi: 10.1002/aenm.201100371 doi: 10.1002/aenm.201100371
67. [67]
  Murata, S.; Imanishi, M.; Hasegawa, S.; Namba, R. J. Power Sources 2014, 253, 104. doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.11.073 doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.11.073
68. [68]
  Debe, M. K. J. Electrochem. Soc. 2013, 160, F522. doi: 10.1149/2.049306jes doi: 10.1149/2.049306jes
69. [69]
  Zeng, Y.; Shao, Z.; Zhang, H.; Wang, Z.; Hong, S.; Yu, H.; Yi, B. Nano Energy 2017, 34, 344. doi: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2017.02.038 doi: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2017.02.038
70. [70]
  Ji, M. B.; Wei, Z. D.; Chen, S. G.; Li, L. J. Phys. Chem. C 2009, 113, 765. doi: 10.1021/jp807773m doi: 10.1021/jp807773m
71. [71]
  Wang, M. J.; Zhao, T.; Luo, W.; Mao, Z. X.; Chen, S.; Ding, W.; Deng, Y.; Li, W.; Li, J.; Wei, Z. AIChE J. 2018, 64, 2881. doi: 10.1002/aic.16140 doi: 10.1002/aic.16140
72. [72]
  Chen, W. H.; Chen, S. L. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin. 2018, 35, 517. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB201806011
73. [73]
  Passos, R. R.; Paganin, V. A.; Ticianelli, E. A. Electrochim. Acta 2006, 51, 5239. doi: 10.1016/j.electacta.2006.01.044 doi: 10.1016/j.electacta.2006.01.044
74. [74]
  Suzuki, A.; Sen, U.; Hattori, T.; Mima, R.; Nagumo, R.; Tsuboi, H.; Hatakeyama, N.; Endou, A.; Takab, H.; Williams, M.; Miyamoto, A. Int. J. Hydrogen Energ. 2011, 36, 2221. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2010.11.076 doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2010.11.076
75. [75]
  Lee, D.; Hwang, S. Int. J. Hydrogen Energ. 2008, 33, 2790. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2008.03.046 doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2008.03.046
76. [76]
  Zhao, X.; Li, W.; Fu, Y.; Manthiram, A. Int. J. Hydrogen Energ. 2012, 37, 9845. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2012.03.107 doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2012.03.107
77. [77]
  Passalacqua, E.; Lufrano, F.; Squadrito, G.; Patti, A.; Giorgi, L. Electrochim. Acta 2002, 46, 799. doi: 10.1016/S0013-4686(00)00679-4 doi: 10.1016/S0013-4686(00)00679-4
78. [78]
  Liu, F.; Yi, B.; Xing, D.; Yu, J.; Zhang, H. J. Membrane Sci. 2003, 212, 213. doi: 10.1016/S0376-7388(02)00503-3 doi: 10.1016/S0376-7388(02)00503-3
79. [79]
  Adachi, M.; Navessin, T.; Xie, Z.; Li, F. H.; Tanaka, S.; Holdcroft, S. J. Membrane Sci. 2010, 364, 183. doi: 10.1016/j.memsci.2010.08.011 doi: 10.1016/j.memsci.2010.08.011
80. [80]
  Klingele, M.; Breitwieser, M.; Zengerle, R.; Thiele, S. J. Mater. Chem. A 2015, 3, 11239. doi: 10.1039/C5TA01341K doi: 10.1039/C5TA01341K
81. [81]
  Breitwieser, M.; Klingele, M.; Britton, B.; Holdcroft, S.; Zengerle, R.; Thiele, S. Electrochem. Commun. 2015, 60, 168. doi: 10.1016/j.elecom.2015.09.006 doi: 10.1016/j.elecom.2015.09.006
82. [82]
  Omosebi, A.; Besser, R. S. J. Power Sources 2013, 228, 151. doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.11.076 doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.11.076
83. [83]
  Chi, W. S.; Jeon, Y.; Park, S. J.; Kim, J. H.; Shul, Y. G. ChemPlusChem 2014, 79, 1109. doi: 10.1002/cplu.201402083 doi: 10.1002/cplu.201402083
84. [84]
  Paul, M. T. Y.; Saha, M. S.; Qi, W. L.; Stumper, J.; Gates, B. D. Int. J. Hydrogen Energ. 2020, 45, 1304. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.05.186 doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.05.186
85. [85]
  Omosebi, A.; Besser, R. S. Fuel Cells 2017, 17, 762. doi: 10.1002/fuce.201600183 doi: 10.1002/fuce.201600183
1. [1]
  Dan Li , Hui Xin , Xiaofeng Yi . Comprehensive Experimental Design on Ni-based Catalyst for Biofuel Production. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(8): 204-211. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202312046
2. [2]
  Guangming YIN , Huaiyao WANG , Jianhua ZHENG , Xinyue DONG , Jian LI , Yi'nan SUN , Yiming GAO , Bingbing WANG . Preparation and photocatalytic degradation performance of Ag/protonated g-C₃N₄ nanorod materials. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(8): 1491-1500. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240086
3. [3]
  Yuanyin Cui , Jinfeng Zhang , Hailiang Chu , Lixian Sun , Kai Dai . Rational Design of Bismuth Based Photocatalysts for Solar Energy Conversion. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(12): 2405016-. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202405016
4. [4]
  Jiao CHEN , Yi LI , Yi XIE , Dandan DIAO , Qiang XIAO . Vapor-phase transport of MFI nanosheets for the fabrication of ultrathin b-axis oriented zeolite membranes. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(3): 507-514. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20230403
5. [5]
  Shengjuan Huo , Xiaoyan Zhang , Xiangheng Li , Xiangning Li , Tianfang Chen , Yuting Shen . Unveiling the Marvels of Titanium: Popularizing Multifunctional Colored Titanium Product Films. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(5): 184-192. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202310127
6. [6]
  Wen YANG , Didi WANG , Ziyi HUANG , Yaping ZHOU , Yanyan FENG . La promoted hydrotalcite derived Ni-based catalysts: In situ preparation and CO₂ methanation performance. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(3): 561-570. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20230276
7. [7]
  Zhiquan Zhang , Baker Rhimi , Zheyang Liu , Min Zhou , Guowei Deng , Wei Wei , Liang Mao , Huaming Li , Zhifeng Jiang . Insights into the Development of Copper-based Photocatalysts for CO₂ Conversion. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(12): 2406029-. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202406029
8. [8]
  Jiapei Zou , Junyang Zhang , Xuming Wu , Cong Wei , Simin Fang , Yuxi Wang . A Comprehensive Experiment Based on Electrocatalytic Nitrate Reduction into Ammonia: Synthesis, Characterization, Performance Exploration, and Applicable Design of Copper-based Catalysts. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(6): 373-382. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202312081
9. [9]
  Qiangqiang SUN , Pengcheng ZHAO , Ruoyu WU , Baoyue CAO . Multistage microporous bifunctional catalyst constructed by P-doped nickel-based sulfide ultra-thin nanosheets for energy-efficient hydrogen production from water electrolysis. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(6): 1151-1161. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20230454
10. [10]
  Yanan Liu , Yufei He , Dianqing Li . Preparation of Highly Dispersed LDHs-based Catalysts and Testing of Nitro Compound Reduction Performance: A Comprehensive Chemical Experiment for Research Transformation. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(8): 306-313. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202401081
11. [11]
  Wenlong LI , Xinyu JIA , Jie LING , Mengdan MA , Anning ZHOU . Photothermal catalytic CO₂ hydrogenation over a Mg-doped In₂O_3-x catalyst. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(5): 919-929. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20230421
12. [12]
  Kun WANG , Wenrui LIU , Peng JIANG , Yuhang SONG , Lihua CHEN , Zhao DENG . Hierarchical hollow structured BiOBr-Pt catalysts for photocatalytic CO₂ reduction. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(7): 1270-1278. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240037
13. [13]
  Juntao Yan , Liang Wei . 2D S-Scheme Heterojunction Photocatalyst. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(10): 2312024-. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202312024
14. [14]
  Zhanggui DUAN , Yi PEI , Shanshan ZHENG , Zhaoyang WANG , Yongguang WANG , Junjie WANG , Yang HU , Chunxin LÜ , Wei ZHONG . Preparation of UiO-66-NH₂ supported copper catalyst and its catalytic activity on alcohol oxidation. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(3): 496-506. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20230317
15. [15]
  Juan WANG , Zhongqiu WANG , Qin SHANG , Guohong WANG , Jinmao LI . NiS and Pt as dual co-catalysts for the enhanced photocatalytic H₂ production activity of BaTiO₃ nanofibers. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(9): 1719-1730. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240102
16. [16]
  Asif Hassan Raza , Shumail Farhan , Zhixian Yu , Yan Wu . 用于高效制氢的双S型ZnS/ZnO/CdS异质结构光催化剂. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(11): 2406020-. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202406020
17. [17]
  Qingqing SHEN , Xiangbowen DU , Kaicheng QIAN , Zhikang JIN , Zheng FANG , Tong WEI , Renhong LI . Self-supporting Cu/α-FeOOH/foam nickel composite catalyst for efficient hydrogen production by coupling methanol oxidation and water electrolysis. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(10): 1953-1964. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240028
18. [18]
  Shuang Yang , Qun Wang , Caiqin Miao , Ziqi Geng , Xinran Li , Yang Li , Xiaohong Wu . Ideological and Political Education Design for Research-Oriented Experimental Course of Highly Efficient Hydrogen Production from Water Electrolysis in Aerospace Perspective. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(11): 269-277. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202403044
19. [19]
  Ruolin CHENG , Haoran WANG , Jing REN , Yingying MA , Huagen LIANG . Efficient photocatalytic CO₂ cycloaddition over W₁₈O₄₉/NH₂-UiO-66 composite catalyst. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(3): 523-532. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20230349
20. [20]
  Yi YANG , Shuang WANG , Wendan WANG , Limiao CHEN . Photocatalytic CO₂ reduction performance of Z-scheme Ag-Cu₂O/BiVO₄ photocatalyst. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(5): 895-906. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20230434

Get Citation

PDF

XML

Metrics

PDF Downloads(22)
Abstract views(1371)
HTML views(386)

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142