Citation: Zhou Wentao, Chen Yihua, Zhou Huanping. Strategies to Improve the Stability of Perovskite-based Tandem Solar Cells[J]. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, ;2021, 37(4): 200904. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202009044 shu

Strategies to Improve the Stability of Perovskite-based Tandem Solar Cells

Beijing Key Laboratory for Theory and Technology of Advanced Battery Materials, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, BIC-ESAT, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China

Author Bio:

Huanping Zhou received her PhD degree in inorganic chemistry from the Peking University in 2010. After that, she joined University of California, Los Angeles, as a post-doctoral researcher from 2010 to 2015. From July 2015, she joined Peking University as an assistant professor in Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering. She is a materials chemist with expertise in the fields of nanoscience, thin film optoelectronics, and the development of related devices, such as photovoltaic cells, LEDs, etc. Currently, her research lab is focused on thin film optoelectronics, e.g., perovskite materials and solar cells
Corresponding author: Zhou Huanping, happy_zhou@pku.edu.cn
Received Date: 14 September 2020
Revised Date: 13 October 2020
Accepted Date: 24 October 2020
Available Online: 2 November 2020
Fund Project: the National Natural Science Foundation of China 51672008the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing, China 4182026the National Key Research and Development Program of China 2017YFA0206701the National Natural Science Foundation of China 51972004the National Natural Science Foundation of China 51722201The project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51972004, 51722201, 51672008, 91733301), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFA0206701), and the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing, China (4182026)the National Natural Science Foundation of China 91733301

Organic-inorganic metal halide perovskite-based tandem solar cells have attracted significant research attention in recent years. The power conversion efficiency of perovskite-based tandem can efficiently meet the requirements of practical applications; however, their instability limits their commercialization. The most commonly used wide-bandgap perovskites suitable for top sub-cells, which are based on I/Br alloying at X site, often suffer from severe phase segregation. When exposed to light illumination, a smaller bandgap phase appears and acts as a carrier trap, leading to a reduction in the quasi-Fermi level splitting and large V_OC deficit. The narrow-bandgap perovskites suitable for bottom sub-cells, which are based on Sn/Pb alloying at B sites, always face atmospheric instability. When exposed to air, Sn²⁺ is rapidly oxidized to Sn⁴⁺, which can shorten the carrier diffusion length and result in a drop in efficiency. Herein, we summarize the recent advances in perovskite-based tandem solar cells from the viewpoint of stability. We analyzed the stability data of highly efficient perovskite-based tandems reported so far, such as perovskite/silicon, perovskite/perovskite, and perovskite/copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) tandems. We found that the key to improve the perovskite-based tandems is to improve the stability of the perovskite sub-cells. Then, we systematically analyzed the phase and atmospheric instability of wide- and narrow-bandgap perovskite, respectively, providing some reasonable strategies to tackle the instability. Compositional engineering, crystallinity optimization, and employing other perovskites with wide bandgaps are effective means to avoid phase instability of the I/Br alloying perovskite. Introducing the reducing additives, improving the film morphology, and forming a 2D/3D structure can help in improving the atmospheric stability of Sn-Pb narrow bandgap perovskites. Furthermore, we review the intrinsic instability of perovskite and corresponding improvement methods, which are inevitable in future tandem solar cells. By reducing the methylamine (MA) content in perovskite component and suppressing ion migration, the long-term operational stability is greatly enhanced. Finally, we briefly summarize the instability issues related to the interconnecting layer. In addition to the optimization of perovskite-based tandem devices, encapsulation also plays a crucial role in improving stability against environmental stressors. Studies based on improving the stability of perovskite-based tandems are still in the early stage. However, with a deeper understanding of the stability of perovskite sub-cells and the interconnecting layer, the commercialization of perovskite-based tandems, especially perovskite/silicon tandem devices, is promising to be achieved in the near future.
- Perovskite,
- Tandem solar cell,
- Stability,
- Wide bandgap,
- Narrow bandgap
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