Citation: Jiabi Li, Xi Wu, Shengwei Liu. Fluorinated TiO₂ Hollow Photocatalysts for Photocatalytic Applications[J]. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, ;2021, 37(6): 200903. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202009038 shu

Fluorinated TiO₂ Hollow Photocatalysts for Photocatalytic Applications

School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China

Author Bio:

Shengwei Liu received his Ph.D. in Materials Chemistry & Physics in 2009 from Wuhan University of Technology. Since 2015 he has been a full professor at the School of Environmental Science and Engineering in Sun Yat-sen University. His research interests focus on environmental catalysis, CO₂ capture and conversion, indoor air purification
Corresponding author: Shengwei Liu, liushw6@mail.sysu.edu.cn
Received Date: 10 September 2020
Revised Date: 29 September 2020
Accepted Date: 13 October 2020
Available Online: 19 October 2020
Fund Project: the National Natural Science Foundation of China 51572209the National Natural Science Foundation of China 51872341the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China 19lgzd29the Tip-top Scientific and Technical Innovative Youth Talents of Guangdong Special Support Program, China 2019TQ05L196the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province, China 2020A0505100033

Recently, extensive studies have been carried out to synthesize spherical microassemblies with hollow interiors and specific surface functionalizations, which usually exhibit fascinating enhanced or emerging properties and have promising applications in catalysis, photocatalysis, energy conversion and storage, biomedical applications, etc. With particular emphasis on the results obtained mainly by the authors' research group, this review provides a brief summary of the recent progress on the fabrication and potential photocatalytic applications of fluorinated TiO₂ porous hollow microspheres(F-TiO₂ PHMs). The synthesis strategies for F-TiO₂ PHMs include a simplified two-step templating method and template-free method based on the fluoride-mediated self-transformation(FMST) mechanism. Compared to the two-step templating method, the template formation, coating, and removal steps for the FMST method are programmatically proceeded in "black-box"-like one-pot reactions without additional manual steps. The four underlying steps involved in the fabrication of F-TiO₂ PHMs through the FMST pathway, nucleation, self-assembly, surface recrystallization, and self-transformation, are presented. By controlling these four steps in the FMST pathway, F-TiO₂ PHMs can be successfully fabricated with a high yield by a simple one-pot hydrothermal treatment. The multi-level microstructural characteristics(including the interior cavity and hierarchical porosity) and compositions of hollow TiO₂ microspheres as well as the primary building blocks can be well tailored. The unique superstructures of the F-TiO₂ PHM photocatalysts provide advantages for photocatalytic applications by improving the light harvesting, mass transfer, and membrane antifouling. In addition, the in situ-introduced surface fluorine species during the formation of F-TiO₂ PHMs provide significant surface fluorination effects, which are not only favorable for the adsorption and activation of reactant molecules, but also beneficial for surface trapping and interfacial transfer of photo-excited electrons and holes. Moreover, the porous hollow superstructures exhibit considerably better compatibility and tolerance to guest modifications, and thus the photocatalytic performances of F-TiO₂ PHMs can be increased by synergetic host and guest modifications, such as ion doping, group functionalization, and nanoparticle loading. The light-harvesting range and intensity can be increased, the charge recombination can be reduced, mass transfer and adsorption can be promoted, and the surface reactivity can be tuned by introducing specific surface functionalities or nanoparticular cocatalysts. Consequently, the entire photocatalytic process can be systematically modulated to optimize the overall photocatalytic performance. The as-prepared F-TiO₂ PHMs typically integrate the merits of interior cavity, hierarchical porosity, and surface fluorination and are open to synergetic host-guest modifications, which provides abundant compositional/structural parameters and specific physicochemical properties for systematically modulating the interconnected photocatalytic processes and promising potential photocatalytic applications.
- TiO₂,
- Hollow,
- Microspheres,
- Hierarchical porosity,
- Surface fluorination
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