Citation: Zhang Zibo, Deng Wei, Zhou Xufeng, Liu Zhaoping. LiC₆ Heterogeneous Interface for Stable Lithium Plating and Stripping[J]. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, ;2021, 37(2): 200809. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202008073 shu

LiC₆ Heterogeneous Interface for Stable Lithium Plating and Stripping

Zhang Zibo ^1,2 ,
Deng Wei ¹ ,
Zhou Xufeng ^1,2,, ,
Liu Zhaoping ^1,2,,

1.
Advanced Li-ion Battery Engineering Laboratory, CAS Engineering Laboratory for Graphene, Key Laboratory of Graphene Technologies and Applications of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering (NIMTE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, Zhejiang Province, China
2.
College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Corresponding author: Zhou Xufeng, zhouxf@nimte.ac.cn Liu Zhaoping, liuzp@nimte.ac.cn
Received Date: 25 August 2020
Revised Date: 27 September 2020
Accepted Date: 6 October 2020
Available Online: 22 October 2020

Lithium metal has the highest theoretical specific energy density (3860 mAh∙g⁻¹) and the most negative redox potential (−3.04 V vs standard hydrogen electrode) among all alkali metals. These features have attracted the interest of battery researchers to put lithium metal into practical use in rechargeable batteries. However, lithium metal tends to deposit as dendritic or mossy morphology during the charging process, and such non-uniform deposition induces low Coulombic efficiency and poor cycling stability. In addition, dendritic metallic lithium can easily penetrate the separator, which causes internal short circuit and leads to severe safety issues. Thus it is important to control the electrodeposition process of lithium to inhibit the formation of Li dendrites. Surface modification of lithium is a widely adopted strategy that can induce uniform deposition of Li. In this paper, a LiC₆ heterogeneous interfacial layer is decorated on the surface of lithium metal anode. It is prepared in a simple manner by mechanically rolling graphitized carbon nanospheres on a Li foil. The increase in surface area by this LiC₆ layer can homogenize the current density on the surface of the lithium foil. Simultaneously, the electronegativity of LiC₆ can also homogenize the lithium ion flux. The effect of heterogeneous interface on the electrochemical plating and stripping behavior of lithium in carbonate electrolyte is also studied. Morphological characterization and electrochemical performance tests reveal that the LiC₆ heterogeneous interface can significantly improve the reversibility and uniformity of the electrochemical plating and stripping of Li, thereby inhibiting dendritic growth and maintaining the stability of the anode/electrolyte interface. Alternating current electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis determines that the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) impedance of bare lithium decreases from the initial 275 to 100 Ω as the deposition capacity increases, suggesting that severe rupture of the SEI is caused by the huge volume change after lithium deposition. On the contrary, the SEI impedance of the lithium foil with the LiC₆ heterogeneous interface layer remains nearly constant (from the initial 26 to 25 Ω after electrodeposition) indicates that the LiC₆ layer is able to inhibit dendrite growth and stabilize the interface. Thus, stable lithium plating/stripping over 300 h is achieved at a current density of 1 mA∙cm⁻² and at a fixed capacity of 1 mAh∙cm⁻² with a voltage hysteresis of less than 50 mV. The Li-LiFePO₄ full cell test demonstrates that the cycling stability of the modified lithium metal anode is superior to that of the bare one.
- Lithium metal secondary battery,
- Lithium metal anode,
- Dendrite,
- Heterogeneous interface,
- LiC₆
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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

LiC6 Heterogeneous Interface for Stable Lithium Plating and Stripping

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LiC₆ Heterogeneous Interface for Stable Lithium Plating and Stripping