Citation: Guan Liming, Guo Beidou, Jia Xinrui, Xie Guancai, Gong Jian Ru. Microscopic Mechanism on Giant Photoeffect in Proton Transport Through Graphene Membranes[J]. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, ;2021, 37(11): 200706. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202007067 shu

Microscopic Mechanism on Giant Photoeffect in Proton Transport Through Graphene Membranes

Guan Liming ^1,† ,
Guo Beidou ^1,2,† ,
Jia Xinrui ^1,2 ,
Xie Guancai ^1,2 ,
Gong Jian Ru ^1,2,,

1.
Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchy Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
2.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Corresponding author: Gong Jian Ru, gongjr@nanoctr.cn

^†

Received Date: 25 July 2020
Revised Date: 4 September 2020
Accepted Date: 7 September 2020
Available Online: 11 September 2020
Fund Project: the National Basic Research Plan, China 2016YFA0201600The project was supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of CAS (XDB36030000), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21422303, 21573049, 21872043), the National Basic Research Plan, China (2016YFA0201600), the Beijing Natural Science Foundation, China (2142036), the Youth Innovation Promotion Association and the Special Program of "One Belt One Road" of CASthe National Natural Science Foundation of China 21422303the National Natural Science Foundation of China 21573049the Beijing Natural Science Foundation, China 2142036the Strategic Priority Research Program of CAS XDB36030000the National Natural Science Foundation of China 21872043

Graphene monolayers are permeable to thermal protons and impermeable to other atoms and molecules, exhibiting their potential applications in fuel cell technologies and hydrogen isotope separation. Furthermore, the giant photoeffect in proton transport through catalytically activated graphene membranes was reported by Geim et al. Their experiment showed that the synergy between illumination and the catalytically active metal plays a key role in this photoeffect. Geim et al. suggested that the local photovoltage created between metal nanoparticles and graphene could funnel protons and electrons toward the metal nanoparticles for the production of hydrogen, while repelling holes away from them, causing the giant photoeffect. However, based on static electric field theory, this explanation is not convincing and the work lacks an analysis on the microscopic mechanism of this effect. Herein, we provide the exact microscopic mechanism behind this phenomenon. In semi-metal pristine graphene, most photon excited hot electrons relax to lower energy states within a timescale of 10⁻¹² s, while the typical timescale of a chemical reaction is 10⁻⁶ s. Thus, hot electrons excited by incident photons relax to lower energy states before reacting with protons through the graphene. When graphene is decorated with metal, electron transfer between the graphene and the metal, induced by different work functions, would result in the formation of interface dipoles. When using metals such as Pt, Pd, Ni, etc., which can strongly interact with graphene, local dipoles form. Protons are trapped around the negative poles of the local dipoles, while electrons are around the positive poles. Upon illumination, the electrons are excited to metastable excited states with higher energy levels. Due to the energy barriers around them, the free electrons in the metastable excited states will have a relatively longer lifetime, which facilitates the production of hydrogen through their effective reaction with protons that permeated through the graphene. The concentration of high-energy electrons under illumination was estimated, and the results showed that more electrons are energized to the excited state with strong illumination. According to the analysis, the giant photoeffect in proton transport through the catalytically activated graphene membrane is attributed to long-lived hot electrons and a fast proton transport rate. Since there is no change in the activation energy of the reaction, the metal catalyst increases the rate of the reaction by increasing the number of successful collisions between the reactants to produce the significant photoeffect. This might lead to a new microscopic mechanism that clarifies the role of the catalyst in improving the efficiency of photo(electro)catalytic reactions.
- Graphene,
- Proton transport,
- Dipole,
- Hot electron,
- Hydrogen
1. [1]
  Achtyl, J. L.; Unocic, R. R.; Xu, L.; Cai, Y.; Raju, M.; Zhang, W.; Sacci, R. L.; Vlassiouk, I. V.; Fulvio, P. F.; Ganesh, P.; et al. Nat. Commun. 2015, 6, 6539. doi: 10.1038/ncomms7539 doi: 10.1038/ncomms7539
2. [2]
  Hu, S.; Lozada-Hidalgo, M.; Wang, F. C.; Mishchenko, A.; Schedin, F.; Nair, R. R.; Hill, E. W.; Boukhvalov, D. W.; Katsnelson, M. I.; Dryfe, R. A.; et al. Nature 2014, 516, 227. doi: 10.1038/nature14015 doi: 10.1038/nature14015
3. [3]
  Lozada-Hidalgo, M.; Hu, S.; Marshall, O.; Mishchenko, A.; Grigorenko, A. N.; Dryfe, R. A.; Radha, B.; Grigorieva, I. V.; Geim, A. K. Science 2016, 351, 68. doi: 10.1126/science.aac9726 doi: 10.1126/science.aac9726
4. [4]
  Lozada-Hidalgo, M.; Zhang, S.; Hu, S.; Esfandiar, A.; Grigorieva, I. V.; Geim, A. K. Nat. Commun. 2017, 8, 15215. doi: 10.1038/ncomms15215 doi: 10.1038/ncomms15215
5. [5]
  Kroes, J. M.; Fasolino, A.; Katsnelson, M. I. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2017, 19, 5813. doi: 10.1039/c6cp08923b doi: 10.1039/c6cp08923b
6. [6]
  Seel, M.; Pandey, R. 2D Materials 2016, 3, 025004. doi: 10.1088/2053-1583/3/2/025004 doi: 10.1088/2053-1583/3/2/025004
7. [7]
  Shi, L.; Xu, A.; Chen, G.; Zhao, T. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2017, 8, 4354. doi: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b01999 doi: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b01999
8. [8]
  Bartolomei, M.; Hernández, M. I.; Campos-Martínez, J.; Hernández-Lamoneda, R. Carbon 2019, 144, 724. doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2018.12.086 doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2018.12.086
9. [9]
  Feng, Y.; Chen, J.; Fang, W.; Wang, E. G.; Michaelides, A.; Li, X. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2017, 8, 6009. doi: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b02820 doi: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b02820
10. [10]
  Poltavsky, I.; Zheng, L.; Mortazavi, M.; Tkatchenko, A. J. Chem. Phys. 2018, 148, 204707. doi: 10.1063/1.5024317 doi: 10.1063/1.5024317
11. [11]
  Lozada-Hidalgo, M.; Zhang, S.; Hu, S.; Kravets, V. G.; Rodriguez, F. J.; Berdyugin, A.; Grigorenko, A.; Geim, A. K. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2018, 13, 300. doi: 10.1038/s41565-017-0051-5 doi: 10.1038/s41565-017-0051-5
12. [12]
  Linic, S.; Christopher, P.; Ingram, D. B. Nat. Mater. 2011, 10, 911. doi: 10.1038/nmat3151 doi: 10.1038/nmat3151
13. [13]
  Brongersma, M. L.; Halas, N. J.; Nordlander, P. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2015, 10, 25. doi: 10.1038/nnano.2014.311 doi: 10.1038/nnano.2014.311
14. [14]
  Miao, M.; Nardelli, M. B.; Wang, Q.; Liu, Y. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2013, 15, 16132. doi: 10.1039/c3cp52318g doi: 10.1039/c3cp52318g
15. [15]
  Bunch, J. S.; Verbridge, S. S.; Alden, J. S.; van der Zande, A. M.; Parpia, J. M.; Craighead, H. G.; McEuen, P. L. Nano Lett. 2008, 8, 2458. doi: 10.1021/nl801457b doi: 10.1021/nl801457b
16. [16]
  Xia, F.; Mueller, T.; Lin, Y. M.; Valdes-Garcia, A.; Avouris, P. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2009, 4, 839. doi: 10.1038/nnano.2009.292 doi: 10.1038/nnano.2009.292
17. [17]
  Gimbert-Surinach, C.; Albero, J.; Stoll, T.; Fortage, J.; Collomb, M. N.; Deronzier, A.; Palomares, E.; Llobet, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2014, 136, 7655. doi: 10.1021/ja501489h doi: 10.1021/ja501489h
18. [18]
  Hisatomi, T.; Takanabe, K.; Domen, K. Catal. Lett. 2014, 145, 95. doi: 10.1007/s10562-014-1397-z doi: 10.1007/s10562-014-1397-z
19. [19]
  Kronik, L. Surf. Sci. Rep. 1999, 37, 1. doi: 10.1016/s0167-5729(99)00002-3 doi: 10.1016/s0167-5729(99)00002-3
20. [20]
  Moglestue, C. J. Appl. Phys. 1986, 59, 3175. doi: 10.1063/1.336898. doi: 10.1063/1.336898
21. [21]
  Gong, C.; Lee, G.; Shan, B.; Vogel, E. M.; Wallace, R. M.; Cho, K. J. Appl. Phys. 2010, 108, 123711. doi: 10.1063/1.3524232 doi: 10.1063/1.3524232
22. [22]
  Zhu, H.; Zhou, C.; Wu, Y.; Lin, W.; Yang, W.; Cheng, Z.; Cai, X. Surf. Sci. 2017, 661, 1. doi: 10.1016/j.susc.2017.02.013 doi: 10.1016/j.susc.2017.02.013
23. [23]
  Zhang, H. X.; Zhu, Y. F.; Zhao, M. Appl. Surf. Sci. 2017, 420, 105. doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.05.142 doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.05.142
24. [24]
  Xie, G.; Guan, L.; Zhang, L.; Guo, B.; Batool, A.; Xin, Q.; Boddula, R.; Jan, S. U.; Gong, J. R. Nano Lett. 2019, 19, 1234. doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b04768 doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b04768
25. [25]
  Tung, R. T. Phys. Rev. B 2001, 64, 205310. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.64.205310 doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.64.205310
26. [26]
  Ran, Q.; Gao, M.; Guan, X.; Wang, Y.; Yu, Z. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2009, 94, 103511. doi: 10.1063/1.3095438 doi: 10.1063/1.3095438
27. [27]
  Khomyakov, P. A.; Giovannetti, G.; Rusu, P. C.; Brocks, G.; van den Brink, J.; Kelly, P. J. Phys. Rev. B 2009, 79, 195425. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.79.195425 doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.79.195425
28. [28]
  Hupalo, M.; Liu, X.; Wang, C. Z.; Lu, W. C.; Yao, Y. X.; Ho, K. M.; Tringides, M. C. Adv. Mater. 2011, 23, 2082. doi: 10.1002/adma.201100412 doi: 10.1002/adma.201100412
29. [29]
  Gong, C.; Hinojos, D.; Wang, W.; Nijem, N.; Shan, B.; Wallace, R. M.; Cho, K.; Chabal, Y. J. ACS Nano 2012, 6, 5381. doi: 10.1021/nn301241p doi: 10.1021/nn301241p
30. [30]
  Pandey, P. A.; Bell, G. R.; Rourke, J. P.; Sanchez, A. M.; Elkin, M. D.; Hickey, B. J.; Wilson, N. R. Small 2011, 7, 3202. doi: 10.1002/smll.201101430 doi: 10.1002/smll.201101430
31. [31]
  Lenz Baldez, R. N.; Piquini, P.; Schmidt, A. A.; Kuroda, M. A. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2017, 19, 22153. doi: 10.1039/c7cp04615d doi: 10.1039/c7cp04615d
32. [32]
  Mittendorfer, F.; Garhofer, A.; Redinger, J.; Klimeš, J.; Harl, J.; Kresse, G. Phys. Rev. B 2011, 84, 201401. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.84.201401 doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.84.201401
33. [33]
  Giovannetti, G.; Khomyakov, P. A.; Brocks, G.; Karpan, V. M.; van den Brink, J.; Kelly, P. J. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2008, 101, 026803. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.026803 doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.026803
34. [34]
  Jaynes, E. T.; Cummings, F. W. Proc. IEEE 1963, 51, 89. doi: 10.1109/proc.1963.1664 doi: 10.1109/proc.1963.1664
35. [35]
  Sheldon, M. T.; van de Groep, J.; Brown, A. M.; Polman, A.; Atwater, H. A. Science 2014, 346, 828. doi: 10.1126/science.1258405 doi: 10.1126/science.1258405
36. [36]
  Sobhani, A.; Knight, M. W.; Wang, Y.; Zheng, B.; King, N. S.; Brown, L. V.; Fang, Z.; Nordlander, P.; Halas, N. J. Nat. Commun. 2013, 4, 1643. doi: 10.1038/ncomms2642 doi: 10.1038/ncomms2642
37. [37]
  Schuller, J. A.; Barnard, E. S.; Cai, W.; Jun, Y. C.; White, J. S.; Brongersma, M. L. Nat. Mater. 2010, 9, 193. doi: 10.1038/nmat2630 doi: 10.1038/nmat2630
38. [38]
  Xu, Y. F.; Rao, H. S.; Chen, B. X.; Lin, Y.; Chen, H. Y.; Kuang, D. B.; Su, C. Y. Adv. Sci. 2015, 2, 1500049. doi: 10.1002/advs.201500049 doi: 10.1002/advs.201500049
39. [39]
  Wang, W.; Guo, B.; Dai, H.; Zhao, C.; Xie, G.; Ma, R.; Akram, M. Z.; Shan, H.; Cai, C.; Fang, Z.; et al. Nano Lett. 2019, 19, 6133. doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b02122 doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b02122
40. [40]
  Bistritzer, R.; MacDonald, A. H. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2009, 102, 206410. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.206410 doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.206410
41. [41]
  Winzer, T.; Knorr, A.; Malic, E. Nano Lett. 2010, 10, 4839. doi: 10.1021/nl1024485 doi: 10.1021/nl1024485
42. [42]
  Song, J. C.; Rudner, M. S.; Marcus, C. M.; Levitov, L. S. Nano Lett. 2011, 11, 4688. doi: 10.1021/nl202318u doi: 10.1021/nl202318u
43. [43]
  Gabor, N. M.; Song, J. C.; Ma, Q.; Nair, N. L.; Taychatanapat, T.; Watanabe, K.; Taniguchi, T.; Levitov, L. S.; Jarillo-Herrero, P. Science 2011, 334, 648. doi: 10.1126/science.1211384 doi: 10.1126/science.1211384
44. [44]
  Tielrooij, K. J.; Piatkowski, L.; Massicotte, M.; Woessner, A.; Ma, Q.; Lee, Y.; Myhro, K. S.; Lau, C. N.; Jarillo-Herrero, P.; van Hulst, N. F.; et al. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2015, 10, 437. doi: 10.1038/nnano.2015.54 doi: 10.1038/nnano.2015.54
45. [45]
  Sun, D.; Aivazian, G.; Jones, A. M.; Ross, J. S.; Yao, W.; Cobden, D.; Xu, X. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2012, 7, 114. doi: 10.1038/nnano.2011.243 doi: 10.1038/nnano.2011.243
46. [46]
  Park, J.; Ahn, Y. H.; Ruiz-Vargas, C. Nano Lett. 2009, 9, 1742. doi: 10.1021/nl8029493 doi: 10.1021/nl8029493
47. [47]
  Mueller, T.; Xia, F.; Avouris, P. Nat. Photonics 2010, 4, 297. doi: 10.1038/nphoton.2010.40 doi: 10.1038/nphoton.2010.40
48. [48]
  Nazin, G.; Zhang, Y.; Zhang, L.; Sutter, E.; Sutter, P. Nat. Phys. 2010, 6, 870. doi: 10.1038/nphys1745 doi: 10.1038/nphys1745
49. [49]
  Xu, X.; Gabor, N. M.; Alden, J. S.; van der Zande, A. M.; McEuen, P. L. Nano Lett. 2010, 10, 562. doi: 10.1021/nl903451y doi: 10.1021/nl903451y
50. [50]
  Lemme, M. C.; Koppens, F. H.; Falk, A. L.; Rudner, M. S.; Park, H.; Levitov, L. S.; Marcus, C. M. Nano Lett. 2011, 11, 4134. doi: 10.1021/nl2019068 doi: 10.1021/nl2019068
51. [51]
  Wang, D.; Sheng, T.; Chen, J.; Wang, H. F.; Hu, P. Nat. Catal. 2018, 1, 291. doi: 10.1038/s41929-018-0055-z doi: 10.1038/s41929-018-0055-z
52. [52]
  Xie, G.; Zhang, K.; Guo, B.; Liu, Q.; Fang, L.; Gong, J. R. Adv. Mater. 2013, 25, 3820. doi: 10.1002/adma.201301207 doi: 10.1002/adma.201301207
53. [53]
  Walter, M. G.; Warren, E. L.; McKone, J. R.; Boettcher, S. W.; Mi, Q.; Santori, E. A.; Lewis, N. S. Chem. Rev. 2010, 110, 6446. doi: 10.1021/cr1002326 doi: 10.1021/cr1002326
54. [54]
  Du, C.; Yang, X.; Mayer, M. T.; Hoyt, H.; Xie, J.; McMahon, G.; Bischoping, G.; Wang, D. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2013, 52, 12692. doi: 10.1002/anie.201306263 doi: 10.1002/anie.201306263
55. [55]
  Waegele, M. M.; Gunathunge, C. M.; Li, J.; Li, X. J. Chem. Phys. 2019, 151, 160902. doi: 10.1063/1.5124878 doi: 10.1063/1.5124878
56. [56]
  Ali, H.; Golnak, R.; Seidel, R.; Winter, B.; Xiao, J. ACS Appl. Nano Mater. 2019, 3, 264. doi: 10.1021/acsanm.9b01939 doi: 10.1021/acsanm.9b01939
1. [1]
  Yi Herng Chan , Zhe Phak Chan , Serene Sow Mun Lock , Chung Loong Yiin , Shin Ying Foong , Mee Kee Wong , Muhammad Anwar Ishak , Ven Chian Quek , Shengbo Ge , Su Shiung Lam . Thermal pyrolysis conversion of methane to hydrogen (H₂): A review on process parameters, reaction kinetics and techno-economic analysis. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(8): 109329-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109329
2. [2]
  Cheng Guo , Xiaoxiao Zhang , Xiujuan Hong , Yiqiu Hu , Lingna Mao , Kezhi Jiang . Graphene as adsorbent for highly efficient extraction of modified nucleosides in urine prior to liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(4): 108867-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108867
3. [3]
  Sanmei Wang , Yong Zhou , Hengxin Fang , Chunyang Nie , Chang Q Sun , Biao Wang . Constant-potential simulation of electrocatalytic N₂ reduction over atomic metal-N-graphene catalysts. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(3): 110476-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110476
4. [4]
  Sanmei Wang , Dengxin Yan , Wenhua Zhang , Liangbing Wang . Graphene-supported isolated platinum atoms and platinum dimers for CO₂ hydrogenation: Catalytic activity and selectivity variations. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(4): 110611-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110611
5. [5]
  Wenjing Xiong , Yulin Xu , Fangzhou Zhao , Baokai Xia , Hongqiang Wang , Wei Liu , Sheng Chen , Yongzhi Zhang . Graphene architecture interpenetrated with mesoporous carbon nanosheets promotes fast and stable potassium storage. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(4): 109738-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109738
6. [6]
  Caili Yang , Tao Long , Ruotong Li , Chunyang Wu , Yuan-Li Ding . Pseudocapacitance dominated Li₃VO₄ encapsulated in N-doped graphene via 2D nanospace confined synthesis for superior lithium ion capacitors. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(2): 109675-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109675
7. [7]
  Chaozheng He , Pei Shi , Donglin Pang , Zhanying Zhang , Long Lin , Yingchun Ding . First-principles study of the relationship between the formation of single atom catalysts and lattice thermal conductivity. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(6): 109116-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109116
8. [8]
  Fei Jin , Bolin Yang , Xuanpu Wang , Teng Li , Noritatsu Tsubaki , Zhiliang Jin . Facilitating efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution via enhanced carrier migration at MOF-on-MOF S-scheme heterojunction interfaces through a graphdiyne (CnH2n-2) electron transport layer. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2023, 42(12): 100198-100198. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2023.100198
9. [9]
  Qin Hu , Liuyun Chen , Xinling Xie , Zuzeng Qin , Hongbing Ji , Tongming Su . Ni掺杂构建电子桥及激活MoS₂惰性基面增强光催化分解水产氢. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(11): 2406024-. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202406024
10. [10]
  Tongtong Zhao , Yan Wang , Shiyue Qin , Liang Xu , Zhenhua Li . New Experiment Development: Upgrading and Regeneration of Discarded PET Plastic through Electrocatalysis. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(3): 308-315. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202309003
11. [11]
  Chi Li , Peng Gao . Is dipole the only thing that matters for inverted perovskite solar cells?. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2024, 43(6): 100324-100324. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2024.100324
12. [12]
  Shaonan Liu , Shuixing Dai , Minghua Huang . The impact of ester groups on 1,8-naphthalimide electron transport material in organic solar cells. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2024, 43(6): 100277-100277. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2024.100277
13. [13]
  Zuyou Song , Yong Jiang , Qiao Gou , Yini Mao , Yimin Jiang , Wei Shen , Ming Li , Rongxing He . Promoting the generation of active sites through "Co-O-Ru" electron transport bridges for efficient water splitting. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(4): 109793-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109793
14. [14]
  Qinghong Zhang , Qiao Zhao , Xiaodi Wu , Li Wang , Kairui Shen , Yuchen Hua , Cheng Gao , Yu Zhang , Mei Peng , Kai Zhao . Visible-light-induced ring-opening cross-coupling of cycloalcohols with vinylazaarenes and enones via β-C-C scission enabled by proton-coupled electron transfer. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(2): 110167-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110167
15. [15]
  Jiangqi Ning , Junhan Huang , Yuhang Liu , Yanlei Chen , Qing Niu , Qingqing Lin , Yajun He , Zheyuan Liu , Yan Yu , Liuyi Li . Alkyl-linked TiO2@COF heterostructure facilitating photocatalytic CO2 reduction by targeted electron transport. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2024, 43(12): 100453-100453. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2024.100453
16. [16]
  Haowen Shang , Yujie Yang , Bingjie Xue , Yikai Wang , Zhiyi Su , Wenlong Liu , Youzhi Wu , Xinjun Xu . Efficient solution-processed near-infrared organic light-emitting diodes with a binary-mixed electron transport layer. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(4): 110511-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110511
17. [17]
  Zheng Zhao , Ben Zhong Tang . An efficient strategy enabling solution processable thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitter with high horizontal dipole orientation. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2024, 43(6): 100270-100270. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2024.100270
18. [18]
  Guihuang Fang , Ying Liu , Yangyang Feng , Ying Pan , Hongwei Yang , Yongchuan Liu , Maoxiang Wu . Tuning the ion-dipole interactions between fluoro and carbonyl (EC) by electrolyte design for stable lithium metal batteries. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(1): 110385-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110385
19. [19]
  Tian Cao , Xuyin Ding , Qiwen Peng , Min Zhang , Guoyue Shi . Intelligent laser-induced graphene sensor for multiplex probing catechol isomers. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(7): 109238-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109238
20. [20]
  Rui Liu , Jinbo Pang , Weijia Zhou . Monolayer water shepherding supertight MXene/graphene composite films. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2024, 43(10): 100329-100329. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2024.100329

Get Citation

PDF

XML

Metrics

PDF Downloads(16)
Abstract views(1334)
HTML views(308)

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142