Citation: Li Yamin, Wang Yang, Chen Hongda, Wang Yijun, Liu Yuanyuan, Pei Weihua. Development of Implantable Optrode Devices[J]. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, ;2020, 36(12): 191205. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB201912054 shu

Development of Implantable Optrode Devices

Li Yamin ^1,3 ,
Wang Yang ^1,2 ,
Chen Hongda ^1,3 ,
Wang Yijun ^1,3 ,
Liu Yuanyuan ^1,3 ,
Pei Weihua ^1,3,4,,

1.
State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
2.
School of Microelectronics, University of Sciences and Technology of China, Hefei 230000, P. R. China
3.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
4.
CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai 200000, P. R. China

Corresponding author: Pei Weihua, peiwh@semi.ac.cn
Received Date: 23 December 2019
Revised Date: 24 January 2020
Accepted Date: 24 January 2020
Available Online: 3 March 2020
Fund Project: The project was supported by the National Key R & D Project of China 2017YFA0701100National Natural Science Foundation of China 61634006Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Science XDB32030100Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Science XDB32040200National Natural Science Foundation of China 61671424The project was supported by the National Key R & D Project of China 2016YFB0402405National Natural Science Foundation of China 61335010The project was supported by the National Key R & D Project of China (2017YFA0205903, 2017YFA0701100, 2016YFB0402405), National Natural Science Foundation of China (61634006, 61335010, 61671424), Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Science (XDB32030100, XDB32040200)The project was supported by the National Key R & D Project of China 2017YFA0205903

Optogenetics transforms specific types of neurons through genetic engineering to achieve the cell membrane expression of photosensitive channel protein. When a specific wavelength of light irradiates the photosensitive channel protein, the cell is either excited or inhibited. Optogenetics provides a precise and fast method to control the activity of individual neurons for neuroscience research, which has gained increasing attention as a means of neural regulation. To realize the photogenetic regulation of neurons, light should be introduced into the brain safely and efficiently. Thus, specialized photoelectric devices are needed. Optrode plays a significant role in the application of optogenetics tools, which is the technical basis for the application of optogenetics. Optrode is a kind of implantable neural interface device. It can introduce light into the brain to regulate neural activity and record the changes of neural electrical signals under the control of lights. As the research of optogenetic technology continues, More and more optrodes are being developed and applied in the study of neuroscience and diseases, such as neural circuit, cognition and memory, epilepsy, and sensory function damage. The combination of optrode with optogenetic technologies provides various developmental modes in terms of material selection, device structure, light supply method, and integrated ways. The difficulty in fabricating optrodes lies in performing light stimulation and electrical signal recording without causing the immune rejection of the test animal and affecting its normal physiological activities simultaneously. In this study, based on structural characteristics and manufacturing process, optrodes are classified into two categories: waveguide-based and micro-light emitting diode-based. Subsequently, based on manufacturing process and light supply method, waveguide-based optrodes are further divided into optical fiber-optrode, optical waveguide-optrode based on MENS technology, and LD/LED waveguide-optrode. Similarly, micro-light emitting diode-based optrodes are divided into hard μLED optrode and soft μLED optrode. The advantages and disadvantages of different types of optrodes, as well as the evolution direction, are reviewed and summarized. Additionally, problems with existing optrodes, such as signal quality, biocompatibility, and device reliability, are discussed. Further, the ideal form of the device is presented as possessing the following characteristics: μLED and recording electrode integrated on flexible substrate, small size, high spatial resolution, high biocompatibility, wireless energy supply, wireless data transmission, etc. As optrode technologies are continuously updated, in the application of optogenetic technologies, research on brain neural circuit and functional structure will be better studied, and various nerve diseases will be gradually tamed.
- Optogenetics,
- Optrode,
- Action potential,
- Optical waveguide,
- Micro-Light emitting diode
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沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142