Citation: Zhang Chengcheng, Crisci Ralph, Chen Zhan. Probing Molecular Structures of Antifouling Polymer/Liquid Interfaces In Situ[J]. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, ;2020, 36(10): 191000. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB201910003 shu

Probing Molecular Structures of Antifouling Polymer/Liquid Interfaces In Situ

Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA

Author Bio:

Professor Zhan Chen was born on June 4, 1966. He received his BS degree in Chemistry from Peking University in 1988, MS degree in Physics from Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1991, PhD degree in Chemistry from the University of California at Berkeley in 1998 and did his postdoctoral research in Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory between 1998 and 2000. He then worked at the University of Michigan as an assistant professor (2000–2005), an associate professor with tenure (2005–2009), and was promoted to a full professor with tenure in 2009. Currently he is a professor of chemistry, macromolecular science and engineering, biophysics, and applied physics at the University of Michigan. Professor Chen's research is focused on the molecular level understanding of structures of polymers and biological molecules at interfaces. His fundamental research has been extensively supported by a variety of Federal funding agencies such as National Science Foundation, National Institutes of Health, Office of Naval Research, Army Research Office, Defense Threat Reduction Agency, etc. He has also widely collaborated with companies such as Dow Chemical, BASF, P & G, Intel, IBM, BMS, Sanofi, Texas Instruments, etc. on applied research. Professor Chen received the Beckman Young Investigator Award, Dow Corning Professorship, National Science Foundation CAREER Award, and Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Invitation Fellowship. He is a senior editor of Langmuir and an associate editor-in-chief of Chinese Chemical Letters. Professor Chen is a Fellow of American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) and a Fellow of Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). He published 280 peer reviewed research articles and gave more than 330 invited talks at various institutions and conferences
Corresponding author: Chen Zhan, zhanc@umich.edu
Received Date: 7 October 2019
Revised Date: 23 November 2019
Accepted Date: 25 November 2019
Available Online: 6 December 2019
Fund Project: the Office of Naval Research, USA N00014-16-1-3115The project was supported by the Office of Naval Research, USA (N00014-16-1-3115 and N00014-19-1-2171)the Office of Naval Research, USA N00014-19-1-2171

Marine organisms such as plants, algae or small animals can adhere to surfaces of materials that are submerged in ocean. The accumulation of these organisms on surfaces is a marine biofouling process that has considerable adverse effects. Marine biofouling on ship hulls can cause severe fuel consumption increase. Investigations on antifouling polymers are therefore becoming important research topics for marine vessel operations. Antifouling polymers can be applied as coating layers on the ship hull, protecting it against the settlement and growth of sea organisms. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is a hydrophilic polymer that can effectively resist the accumulation of marine organisms. PEG-based antifouling coatings have therefore been extensively researched and developed. However, the inferior stability of PEG makes it subject to degradation, rendering it ineffective for long-term services. Zwitterionic polymers have also emerged as promising antifouling materials in recent years. These polymers consist of both positively charged and negatively charged functional groups. Various zwitterionic polymers have been demonstrated to exhibit exceptional antifouling properties. Previously, surface characterizations of zwitterionic polymers have revealed that strong surface hydration is critical for their antifouling properties. In addition to these hydrophilic polymers, amphiphilic materials have also been developed as potential antifouling coatings. Both hydrophobic and hydrophilic functional groups are incorporated into the backbones or sidechains of these polymers. It has been demonstrated that the antifouling performance can be enhanced by precisely controlling the sequence of the hydrophobic-hydrophilic functionalities. Since biofouling generally occurs at the outer surface of the coatings, the antifouling properties of these coatings are closely related to their surface characteristics in water. Therefore, understanding of the surface molecular structures of antifouling materials is imperative for their future developments. In this review, we will summarize our recent advancements of antifouling material surface analysis using sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy. SFG is a surface-sensitive technique which can provide molecular information of water and polymer structures at interfaces in situ in real time. The antifouling polymers we will review include zwitterionic polymer brushes, mixed charged polymers, and amphiphilic polypeptoids. Interfacial hydration studies of these polymers by SFG will be presented. The salt effect on antifouling polymer surface hydration will also be discussed. In addition, the interactions between antifouling materials and protein molecules as well as algae will be reviewed. The above research clearly established strong correlations between strong surface hydration and good antifouling properties. It also demonstrated that SFG is a powerful technique to provide molecular level understanding of polymer antifouling mechanisms.
- Antifouling materials,
- Sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy,
- Interfacial hydration,
- Zwitterionic polymer,
- Salt effect,
- Protein interaction
1. [1]
  Banerjee, I.; Pangule, R. C.; Kane, R. S. Adv. Mater. 2011, 23, 690. doi: 10.1002/adma.201001215 doi: 10.1002/adma.201001215
2. [2]
  Rosenhahn, A.; Schilp, S.; Kreuzer, H. J.; Grunze, M. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2010, 12 (17), 4275. doi: 10.1039/c001968m doi: 10.1039/c001968m
3. [3]
  Yang, W. J.; Neoh, K. G.; Kang, E. T.; Teo, S. L. M.; Rittschof, D. Prog. Polym. Sci. 2014, 39 (5), 1017. doi: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2014.02.002 doi: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2014.02.002
4. [4]
  Grozea, C. M.; Walker, G. C. Soft Matter 2009, 5 (21), 4088. doi: 10.1039/b910899h doi: 10.1039/b910899h
5. [5]
  Zheng, J.; Li, L.; Tsao, H. K.; Sheng, Y. J.; Chen, S.; Jiang, S. Biophys. J. 2005, 89 (1), 158. doi: 10.1529/biophysj.105.059428 doi: 10.1529/biophysj.105.059428
6. [6]
  Herrwerth, S.; Eck, W.; Reinhardt, S.; Grunze, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125 (31), 9359. doi: 10.1021/ja034820y doi: 10.1021/ja034820y
7. [7]
  Chen, S.; Li, L.; Boozer, C. L.; Jiang, S. Langmuir 2000, 16 (24), 9287. doi: 10.1021/la000417i doi: 10.1021/la000417i
8. [8]
  Yu, Q.; Zhang, Y.; Wang, H.; Brash, J.; Chen, H. Acta Biomater. 2011, 7 (4), 1550. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2010.12.021 doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2010.12.021
9. [9]
  Han, S.; Kim, C.; Kwon, D. Polymer 1997, 38 (2), 317. doi: 10.1016/S0032-3861(97)88175-X doi: 10.1016/S0032-3861(97)88175-X
10. [10]
  Schlenoff, J. B. Langmuir 2014, 30 (32), 9625. doi: 10.1021/la500057j doi: 10.1021/la500057j
11. [11]
  Jiang, S.; Cao, Z. Adv. Mater. 2010, 22 (9), 920. doi: 10.1002/adma.200901407 doi: 10.1002/adma.200901407
12. [12]
  Zhang, Z.; Finlay, J. A.; Wang, L.; Gao, Y.; Callow, J. A.; Callow, M. E.; Jiang, S. Langmuir 2009, 25 (23), 13516. doi: 10.1021/la901957k doi: 10.1021/la901957k
13. [13]
  Li, G.; Xue, H.; Cheng, G.; Chen, S.; Zhang, F.; Jiang, S. J. Phys. Chem. B 2008, 112 (48), 15269. doi: 10.1021/jp8058728 doi: 10.1021/jp8058728
14. [14]
  Leng, C.; Hung, H. C.; Sun, S.; Wang, D.; Li, Y.; Jiang, S.; Chen, Z. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2015, 7 (30), 16881. doi: 10.1021/acsami.5b05627 doi: 10.1021/acsami.5b05627
15. [15]
  Leng, C.; Han, X.; Shao, Q.; Zhu, Y.; Li, Y.; Jiang, S.; Chen, Z. J. Phys. Chem. C 2014, 118 (29), 15840. doi: 10.1021/jp504293r doi: 10.1021/jp504293r
16. [16]
  Leng, C.; Sun, S.; Zhang, K.; Jiang, S.; Chen, Z. Acta Biomater. 2016, 40, 6. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.02.030 doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.02.030
17. [17]
  Kondo, T.; Gemmei-Ide, M.; Kitano, H.; Ohno, K.; Noguchi, H.; Uosaki, K. Colloids. Surf. 2012, 91, 215. doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2011.11.012 doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2011.11.012
18. [18]
  Nagasawa, D.; Azuma, T.; Noguchi, H.; Uosaki, K.; Takai, M. J. Phys. Chem. C 2015, 119 (30), 17193. doi: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b04186 doi: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b04186
19. [19]
  Hibino, H.; Takai, M.; Noguchi, H.; Sawamura, S.; Takahashi, Y.; Sakai, H.; Shiku, H. J. Physiol. Sci. 2017, 67 (4), 439. doi: 10.1007/s12576-017-0530-3 doi: 10.1007/s12576-017-0530-3
20. [20]
  Leng, C.; Huang, H.; Zhang, K.; Hung, H. C.; Xu, Y.; Li, Y.; Jiang, S.; Chen, Z. Langmuir 2018, 34 (22), 6538. doi: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b00768 doi: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b00768
21. [21]
  Han, X.; Leng, C.; Shao, Q.; Jiang, S.; Chen, Z. Langmuir 2019, 35 (5), 1327. doi: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01515 doi: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01515
22. [22]
  Chen, S.; Li, L.; Zhao, C.; Zheng, J. Polymer 2010, 51 (23), 5283. doi: 10.1016/j.polymer.2010.08.022 doi: 10.1016/j.polymer.2010.08.022
23. [23]
  Liu, L.; Li, W.; Liu, Q. WIREs. Nanomed. Nanobiotechnol. 2014, 6 (6), 599. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1278 doi: 10.1002/wnan.1278
24. [24]
  Statz, A. R.; Meagher, R. J.; Barron, A. E.; Messersmith, P. B. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127 (22), 7972. doi: 10.1021/ja0522534 doi: 10.1021/ja0522534
25. [25]
  Buskens, P.; Wouters, M.; Rentrop, C.; Vroon, Z. J. Coat. Technol. Res. 2013, 10 (1), 29. doi: 10.1007/s11998-012-9456-0 doi: 10.1007/s11998-012-9456-0
26. [26]
  Badi, N.; Lutz, J. F. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2009, 38 (12), 3383. doi: 10.1039/B806413J doi: 10.1039/B806413J
27. [27]
  Seo, Y.; Brown, J. R.; Hall, L. M. Macromolecules 2015, 48 (14), 4974. doi: 10.1021/ma502309h doi: 10.1021/ma502309h
28. [28]
  Ganesan, V.; Kumar, N. A.; Pryamitsyn, V. Macromolecules 2012, 45 (15), 6281. doi: 10.1021/ma301136y doi: 10.1021/ma301136y
29. [29]
  Chang, L. W.; Lytle, T. K.; Radhakrishna, M.; Madinya, J. J.; Vélez, J.; Sing, C. E.; Perry, S. L. Nat. Commun. 2017, 8 (1), 1273. doi: 10.1038/s41467-017-01249-1 doi: 10.1038/s41467-017-01249-1
30. [30]
  van Zoelen, W.; Buss, H. G.; Ellebracht, N. C.; Lynd, N. A.; Fischer, D. A.; Finlay, J.; Hill, S.; Callow, M. E.; Callow, J. A.; Kramer, E. J.; et al. ACS Macro Lett. 2014, 3 (4), 364. doi: 10.1021/mz500090n
31. [31]
  Callow, J. A.; Callow, M. E. Nat. Commun. 2011, 2 (1), 244. doi: 10.1038/ncomms1251 doi: 10.1038/ncomms1251
32. [32]
  Ekblad, T.; Bergström, G.; Ederth, T.; Conlan, S. L.; Mutton, R.; Clare, A. S.; Wang, S.; Liu, Y.; Zhao, Q.; D'Souza, F.; et al. Biomacromolecules 2008, 9 (10), 2775. doi: 10.1021/bm800547m
33. [33]
  Rosales, A. M.; Murnen, H. K.; Zuckermann, R. N.; Segalman, R. A. Macromolecules 2010, 43 (13), 5627. doi: 10.1021/ma1002563 doi: 10.1021/ma1002563
34. [34]
  Murnen, H. K.; Rosales, A. M.; Jaworski, J. N.; Segalman, R. A.; Zuckermann, R. N. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132 (45), 16112. doi: 10.1021/ja106340f doi: 10.1021/ja106340f
35. [35]
  Rosales, A. M.; McCulloch, B. L.; Zuckermann, R. N.; Segalman, R. A. Macromolecules 2012, 45 (15), 6027. doi: 10.1021/ma300625b doi: 10.1021/ma300625b
36. [36]
  Rosales, A. M.; Segalman, R. A.; Zuckermann, R. N. Soft Matter 2013, 9 (35), 8400. doi: 10.1039/C3SM51421H doi: 10.1039/C3SM51421H
37. [37]
  Davidson, E. C.; Rosales, A. M.; Patterson, A. L.; Russ, B.; Yu, B.; Zuckermann, R. N.; Segalman, R. A. Macromolecules 2018, 51 (5), 2089. doi: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00055 doi: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00055
38. [38]
  Patterson, A. L.; Wenning, B.; Rizis, G.; Calabrese, D. R.; Finlay, J. A.; Franco, S. C.; Zuckermann, R. N.; Clare, A. S.; Kramer, E. J.; Ober, C. K.; et al. Macromolecules 2017, 50 (7), 2656. doi: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02505
39. [39]
  Calabrese, D. R.; Wenning, B. M.; Hilda, B.; Finlay, J. A.; Fischer, D.; Clare, A. S.; Segalman, R. A.; Ober, C. K. Green Mater. 2017, 5 (1), 31. doi: 10.1680/jgrma.17.00006 doi: 10.1680/jgrma.17.00006
40. [40]
  Gudipati, C. S.; Greenlief, C. M.; Johnson, J. A.; Prayongpan, P.; Wooley, K. L. J. Polym. Sci. A: Polym. Chem. 2004, 42 (24), 6193. doi: 10.1002/pola.20466 doi: 10.1002/pola.20466
41. [41]
  Weinman, C. J.; Finlay, J. A.; Park, D.; Paik, M. Y.; Krishnan, S.; Sundaram, H. S.; Dimitriou, M.; Sohn, K. E.; Callow, M. E.; Callow, J. A.; et al. Langmuir 2009, 25 (20), 12266. doi: 10.1021/la901654q
42. [42]
  Barry, M. E.; Davidson, E. C.; Zhang, C.; Patterson, A. L.; Yu, B.; Leonardi, A. K.; Duzen, N.; Malaviya, K.; Clarke, J. L.; Finlay, J. A.; et al. Macromolecules 2019, 52 (3), 1287. doi: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02390
43. [43]
  Shen, Y. R. Nature. 1989, 337 (6207), 519. doi: 10.1038/337519a0 doi: 10.1038/337519a0
44. [44]
  Wang, J.; Woodcock, S. E.; Buck, S. M.; Chen, C.; Chen, Z. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123 (38), 9470. doi: 10.1021/ja0164071 doi: 10.1021/ja0164071
45. [45]
  Wang, J.; Paszti, Z.; Even, M. A.; Chen, Z. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124 (24), 7016. doi: 10.1021/ja012387r doi: 10.1021/ja012387r
46. [46]
  Lu, X.; Zhang, C.; Ulrich, N.; Xiao, M.; Ma, Y. H.; Chen, Z. Anal. Chem. 2017, 89 (1), 466. doi: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04320 doi: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04320
47. [47]
  Chen, Z. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin. 2012, 28 (3), 504. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB201201091
48. [48]
  Clarke, M. L.; Chen, C.; Wang, J.; Chen, Z. Langmuir 2006, 22 (21), 8800. doi: 10.1021/la061386f doi: 10.1021/la061386f
49. [49]
  Wang, J.; Buck, S. M.; Even, M. A.; Chen, Z. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124 (44), 13302. doi: 10.1021/ja026881m doi: 10.1021/ja026881m
50. [50]
  Wang, J.; Buck, S. M.; Chen, Z. J. Phys. Chem. B 2002, 106 (44), 11666. doi: 10.1021/jp021363j doi: 10.1021/jp021363j
51. [51]
  Ding, B.; Jasensky, J.; Li, Y.; Chen, Z. Acc. Chem. Res. 2016, 49 (6), 1149. doi: 10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00091 doi: 10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00091
52. [52]
  Lee, H.; Scherer, N. F.; Messersmith, P. B. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2006, 103 (35), 12999. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0605552103 doi: 10.1073/pnas.0605552103
53. [53]
  Yu, J.; Wei, W.; Danner, E.; Ashley, R. K.; Israelachvili, J. N.; Waite, J. H. Nat. Chem. Biol. 2011, 7, 588. doi: 10.1038/nchembio.630 doi: 10.1038/nchembio.630
54. [54]
  Naldrett, M. J.; Kaplan, D. L. Mar. Biol. 1997, 127 (4), 629. doi: 10.1007/s002270050053 doi: 10.1007/s002270050053
55. [55]
  Kamino, K. Biochem. J. 2001, 356 (2), 503. doi: 10.1042/bj3560503 doi: 10.1042/bj3560503
56. [56]
  Kamino, K. Biofouling 2013, 29 (6), 735. doi: 10.1080/08927014.2013.800863 doi: 10.1080/08927014.2013.800863
57. [57]
  Leng, C.; Buss, H. G.; Segalman, R. A.; Chen, Z. Langmuir 2015, 31 (34), 9306. doi: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b01440 doi: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b01440
1. [1]
  Jiao Wang , Shuang-Yan Lang , Zhen-Zhen Shen , Gui-Xian Liu , Jian-Xin Tian , Yuan Li , Rui-Zhi Liu , Rui Wen . In situ imaging of the interfacial processes manipulated by salt concentration on zinc anodes in zinc metal batteries. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(4): 109815-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109815
2. [2]
  Xu Li , Yue Zhao , Tingli Ma . Improved polymer electrolyte interfacial contact via constructing vertically aligned fillers. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2025, 44(2): 100406-100406. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2024.100406
3. [3]
  Yiming Fang , Huimin Gao , Kaiting Cheng , Liang Bai , Zhengtong Li , Yadong Zhao , Xingtao Xu . An overview of photothermal materials for solar-driven interfacial evaporation. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(3): 109925-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109925
4. [4]
  Shaohua Zhang , Xiaojuan Dai , Wei Hao , Liyao Liu , Yingqiao Ma , Ye Zou , Jia Zhu , Chong-an Di . A first-principles study of the Nernst effect in doped polymer. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(12): 109837-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109837
5. [5]
  Min Chen , Boyu Peng , Xuyun Guo , Ye Zhu , Hanying Li . Polyethylene interfacial dielectric layer for organic semiconductor single crystal based field-effect transistors. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(4): 109051-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109051
6. [6]
  Dongmei Yao , Junsheng Zheng , Liming Jin , Xiaomin Meng , Zize Zhan , Runlin Fan , Cong Feng , Pingwen Ming . Effect of surface oxidation on the interfacial and mechanical properties in graphite/epoxy composites composite bipolar plates. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(11): 109382-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109382
7. [7]
  Zihao Wang , Jing Xue , Zhicui Song , Jianxiong Xing , Aijun Zhou , Jianmin Ma , Jingze Li . Li-Zn alloy patch for defect-free polymer interface film enables excellent protection effect towards stable Li metal anode. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(10): 109489-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109489
8. [8]
  Yuan Teng , Zichun Zhou , Jinghua Chen , Siying Huang , Hongyan Chen , Daibin Kuang . Dual atom-bridge effect promoting interfacial charge transfer in 2D/2D Cs₃Bi₂Br₉/BiOBr epitaxial heterojunction for efficient photocatalysis. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(2): 110430-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110430
9. [9]
  Zhibin Ren , Shan Li , Xiaoying Liu , Guanghao Lv , Lei Chen , Jingli Wang , Xingyi Li , Jiaqing Wang . Penetrating efficiency of supramolecular hydrogel eye drops: Electrostatic interaction surpasses ligand-receptor interaction. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(11): 109629-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109629
10. [10]
  Jiatong Li , Linlin Zhang , Peng Huang , Chengjun Ge . Carbon bridge effects regulate TiO₂–acrylate fluoroboron coatings for efficient marine antifouling. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(2): 109970-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109970
11. [11]
  Donghui Wu , Qilin Zhao , Jian Sun , Xiurong Yang . Corrigendum to 'Fluorescence immunoassay based on alkaline phosphatase-induced in situ generation of fluorescent non-conjugated polymer dots' [Chin. Chem. Lett. 34 (2023) 107672]. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(12): 109881-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109881
12. [12]
  Cheng Wang , Ji Wang , Dong Liu , Zhi-Ling Zhang . Advances in virus-host interaction research based on microfluidic platforms. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(12): 110302-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110302
13. [13]
  Wenbi Wu , Yinchu Dong , Haofan Liu , Xuebing Jiang , Li Li , Yi Zhang , Maling Gou . Modification of plasma protein for bioprinting via photopolymerization. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(8): 109260-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109260
14. [14]
  Zhiwei Chen , Heyun Sheng , Xue Li , Menghan Chen , Xin Li , Qiuling Song . Efficient capture of difluorocarbene by pyridinium 1,4-zwitterionic thiolates: A concise synthesis of difluoromethylene-containing 1,4-thiazine derivatives. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(4): 108937-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108937
15. [15]
  Qiangwei Wang , Huijiao Liu , Mengjie Wang , Haojie Zhang , Jianda Xie , Xuanwei Hu , Shiming Zhou , Weitai Wu . Observation of high ionic conductivity of polyelectrolyte microgels in salt-free solutions. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(4): 108743-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108743
16. [16]
  Kailong Zhang , Chao Zhang , Luanhui Wu , Qidong Yang , Jiadong Zhang , Guang Hu , Liang Song , Gaoran Li , Wenlong Cai . Chloride molten salt derived attapulgite with ground-breaking electrochemical performance. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(10): 109618-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109618
17. [17]
  Yixin Zhang , Ting Wang , Jixiang Zhang , Pengyu Lu , Neng Shi , Liqiang Zhang , Weiran Zhu , Nongyue He . Formation mechanism for stable system of nanoparticle/protein corona and phospholipid membrane. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(4): 108619-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108619
18. [18]
  Mingqi Wang , Shixin Fa , Jiate Yu , Guoxian Zhang , Yi Yan , Qing Liu , Qiuyu Zhang . Light-controlled protein imprinted nanospheres with variable recognition specificity. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(2): 110124-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110124
19. [19]
  Jinli Chen , Shouquan Feng , Tianqi Yu , Yongjin Zou , Huan Wen , Shibin Yin . Modulating Metal-Support Interaction Between Pt3Ni and Unsaturated WOx to Selectively Regulate the ORR Performance. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2023, 42(10): 100168-100168. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2023.100168
20. [20]
  Yu Zhang , Weifeng Lin . Electrotunable interfacial friction: A brief review. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(4): 110566-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110566

Get Citation

PDF

XML

Metrics

PDF Downloads(14)
Abstract views(801)
HTML views(160)

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142