Citation: Chen Zhaolong, Gao Peng, Liu Zhongfan. Graphene-Based LED: from Principle to Devices[J]. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, ;2020, 36(1): 190700. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB201907004 shu

Graphene-Based LED: from Principle to Devices

Chen Zhaolong ^1,2 ,
Gao Peng ^2,3,, ,
Liu Zhongfan ^1,2,,

1.
Center of NanoChemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
2.
Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, P. R. China
3.
Electron Microscopy Laboratory and International Center for Quantum Materials, Peking University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, P. R. China

Corresponding author: Gao Peng, p-gao@pku.edu.cn Liu Zhongfan, zfliu@pku.edu.cn
Received Date: 1 July 2019
Revised Date: 26 August 2019
Accepted Date: 27 August 2019
Available Online: 3 January 2019
Fund Project: the National Natural Science Foundation of China 51432002the National Key Basic Research Program of China (973) 2016YFA0200103The project was supported by the National Key Basic Research Program of China (973) (2016YFA0200103), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51432002, 51290272) and the Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Planning Project, China (Z161100002116020)the National Natural Science Foundation of China 51290272the Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Planning Project, China Z161100002116020

Group-Ⅲ nitride (Ⅲ-N) films have numerous applications in LEDs, lasers, and high-power/high-frequency electronic devices because of their direct wide band gap, high breakdown voltage, high saturation velocity of electrons, and high stability. Commercial Ⅲ-N films are usually heteroepitaxially grown on c-sapphire substrate by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). However, relatively large mismatches occur in the in-plane lattice and thermal expansion between the Ⅲ-N films and sapphire substrates, which lead to high stress and high dislocation density in epilayers that reduce the performance of the LED. Moreover, the poor thermal conductivity of sapphire substrate also hinders many applications. Recently, graphene was used as a buffer layer to overcome the mismatch between Ⅲ-N films and substrates by utilizing van der Waals epitaxy and improving heat dissipation. In this review article, we consider the recent progress in the development of a new type of epitaxial substrate, the so-called "graphene/sapphire substrate" for Ⅲ-N film growth and LED applications. The growth mechanisms are summarized and future prospects are proposed. The article is divided into three parts.1. The synthesis of graphene/sapphire substrate. High-quality monolayer graphene is directly synthesized on sapphire substrates (flat substrate and nanopatterned substrate) by metal-catalyst-free CVD method. The method does not depend on the metal catalyst nor involve a complex and highly technical transfer process, and is compatible with the MOCVD and molecular beam epitaxy process.2. Growth of high-quality Ⅲ-N films on graphene/sapphire substrates. The nucleation of Ⅲ-N on graphene can be tuned by the density of defects in the graphene film. N₂ plasma treatment of the graphene/sapphire substrate can increase the nucleation sites for Ⅲ-N growth by introducing pyrrolic nitrogen doping. Epitaxial lateral overgrowth of the Ⅲ-N is promoted on the graphene/sapphire substrate owing to the relatively lower diffusion barrier of atoms on graphene. Consequently, the biaxial stress in group-Ⅲ nitride is significantly decreased while the dislocation density is reduced even without a low-temperature buffer layer. Moreover, vertically-oriented graphene nanowalls can effectively improve the heat dissipation in AlN films.3. High-performance LEDs on graphene/sapphire substrate. High-quality Ⅲ-N films obtained on graphene/sapphire substrates enable LED fabrication. The as-fabricated LEDs on graphene/sapphire substrate deliver much higher light output power compared with that on bare sapphire substrate. The as-fabricated LEDs have low turn-on voltage, high output power, and good reliability. Graphene can also be utilized as transfer medium or transparent conductive electrode to boost LED performance.
- Graphene,
- Chemical vapor deposition,
- Sapphire,
- Group-Ⅲ nitride films,
- LED,
- Van der Waals epitaxy
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沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142