Citation: Zhao Huabo, Ma Ding. χ-Fe₅C₂: Structure, Synthesis, and Tuning of Catalytic Properties[J]. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, ;2020, 36(1): 190608. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB201906087 shu

χ-Fe₅C₂: Structure, Synthesis, and Tuning of Catalytic Properties

Zhao Huabo ¹ ,
Ma Ding ^2,,

1.
National institute of Low Carbon and Clean Energy, Beijing 102211, P. R. China
2.
College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China

Corresponding author: Ma Ding, dma@pku.edu.cn
Received Date: 27 June 2019
Revised Date: 3 August 2019
Accepted Date: 19 August 2019
Available Online: 22 January 2019
Fund Project: The project was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFB0602500)the National Key Research and Development Program of China 2017YFB0602500

Iron carbides, especially Hägg carbide (χ-Fe₅C₂), have become a topic of significant research interest due to their potential application in various fields over the past decades. For Fischer-Tr psch (F-T) synthesis, χ-Fe₅C₂ has been confirmed as an active phase. In addition, this well-known catalytic material is a candidate for potential application in electrochemistry, magnetic imaging, and various therapies. The physical chemistry, including structure, stability, and catalytic properties of χ-Fe₅C₂ has been studied since its discovery. The C2/c crystal structure of Hägg carbide was initially resolved in the 1960s. Because various iron oxides and carbides always co-exist in the synthesized χ-Fe₅C₂ samples, the structure model still faces challenges. The crystal structure is being revised with high-purity samples using modern characterization techniques and theoretical methods. However, it is very difficult to obtain the pure phase of χ-Fe₅C₂ via traditional preparation methods owing to the metastable phase of χ-Fe₅C₂. Hence, tremendous efforts have been devoted to the synthesis of χ-Fe₅C₂. Recently, some processes to prepare single-phase and structure-controlled χ-Fe₅C₂ nanostructures have been reported. Many iron and carbon precursors can be used to prepare Hägg carbide. Carburization in solid-solid, solid-gas, and solid-liquid phases can be adopted to synthesize χ-Fe₅C₂ of various sizes and morphologies. The success of synthetic chemistry has provided novel insights into the mechanism of phase transformation in χ-Fe₅C₂. More details regarding the formation of the χ-Fe₅C₂ structure in the solid-gas and solid-liquid phases have been revealed via in situ characterization methods. The formation and crystallization of an Fe-C amorphous composite is likely the key step. The application of χ-Fe₅C₂ in catalysis has also benefited from novel synthesis strategies. With the development of these preparation methods, tuning the activity and selectivity of χ-Fe₅C₂ has become possible. A heterostructure of small Co/χ-Fe₅C₂ with low cobalt loading showed an unexpectedly high CO conversion rate at low temperature. Beyond classical F-T synthesis, χ-Fe₅C₂ is a promising catalyst for the production of light olefins, long chain α-olefins, aromatics, and alcohol synthesis by modification with other elements. Combining density functional theory (DFT) calculations and kinetic analysis, the roles of promoters and interaction with χ-Fe₅C₂ have been evaluated to some extent. Herein, the recent progress in the synthesis, structural analysis, formation mechanisms, and catalytic performance of χ-Fe₅C₂ is summarized. A collection of synthesis methods is presented, and novel methods for regulating catalytic properties are reviewed. We believe that advanced synthesis methods are key to a deeper understanding and better utilization of this material.
- χ-Fe₅C₂,
- Fischer Tröpsch synthesis,
- Materials synthesis,
- In situ characterization,
- Promoter
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沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

χ-Fe5C2: Structure, Synthesis, and Tuning of Catalytic Properties

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

χ-Fe₅C₂: Structure, Synthesis, and Tuning of Catalytic Properties