Citation: Zhao Huabo, Ma Ding. χ-Fe₅C₂: Structure, Synthesis, and Tuning of Catalytic Properties[J]. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, ;2020, 36(1): 190608. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB201906087 shu

χ-Fe₅C₂: Structure, Synthesis, and Tuning of Catalytic Properties

Zhao Huabo ¹ ,
Ma Ding ^2,,

1.
National institute of Low Carbon and Clean Energy, Beijing 102211, P. R. China
2.
College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China

Corresponding author: Ma Ding, dma@pku.edu.cn
Received Date: 27 June 2019
Revised Date: 3 August 2019
Accepted Date: 19 August 2019
Available Online: 22 January 2019
Fund Project: The project was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFB0602500)the National Key Research and Development Program of China 2017YFB0602500

Iron carbides, especially Hägg carbide (χ-Fe₅C₂), have become a topic of significant research interest due to their potential application in various fields over the past decades. For Fischer-Tr psch (F-T) synthesis, χ-Fe₅C₂ has been confirmed as an active phase. In addition, this well-known catalytic material is a candidate for potential application in electrochemistry, magnetic imaging, and various therapies. The physical chemistry, including structure, stability, and catalytic properties of χ-Fe₅C₂ has been studied since its discovery. The C2/c crystal structure of Hägg carbide was initially resolved in the 1960s. Because various iron oxides and carbides always co-exist in the synthesized χ-Fe₅C₂ samples, the structure model still faces challenges. The crystal structure is being revised with high-purity samples using modern characterization techniques and theoretical methods. However, it is very difficult to obtain the pure phase of χ-Fe₅C₂ via traditional preparation methods owing to the metastable phase of χ-Fe₅C₂. Hence, tremendous efforts have been devoted to the synthesis of χ-Fe₅C₂. Recently, some processes to prepare single-phase and structure-controlled χ-Fe₅C₂ nanostructures have been reported. Many iron and carbon precursors can be used to prepare Hägg carbide. Carburization in solid-solid, solid-gas, and solid-liquid phases can be adopted to synthesize χ-Fe₅C₂ of various sizes and morphologies. The success of synthetic chemistry has provided novel insights into the mechanism of phase transformation in χ-Fe₅C₂. More details regarding the formation of the χ-Fe₅C₂ structure in the solid-gas and solid-liquid phases have been revealed via in situ characterization methods. The formation and crystallization of an Fe-C amorphous composite is likely the key step. The application of χ-Fe₅C₂ in catalysis has also benefited from novel synthesis strategies. With the development of these preparation methods, tuning the activity and selectivity of χ-Fe₅C₂ has become possible. A heterostructure of small Co/χ-Fe₅C₂ with low cobalt loading showed an unexpectedly high CO conversion rate at low temperature. Beyond classical F-T synthesis, χ-Fe₅C₂ is a promising catalyst for the production of light olefins, long chain α-olefins, aromatics, and alcohol synthesis by modification with other elements. Combining density functional theory (DFT) calculations and kinetic analysis, the roles of promoters and interaction with χ-Fe₅C₂ have been evaluated to some extent. Herein, the recent progress in the synthesis, structural analysis, formation mechanisms, and catalytic performance of χ-Fe₅C₂ is summarized. A collection of synthesis methods is presented, and novel methods for regulating catalytic properties are reviewed. We believe that advanced synthesis methods are key to a deeper understanding and better utilization of this material.
- χ-Fe₅C₂,
- Fischer Tröpsch synthesis,
- Materials synthesis,
- In situ characterization,
- Promoter
1. [1]
  Jack, D. H.; Jack, K. H. Mater. Sci. Eng. 1973, 11 (1), 1. doi: 10.1016/0025-5416(73)90055-4 doi: 10.1016/0025-5416(73)90055-4
2. [2]
  De Smit, E.; Weckhuysen, B. M. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2008, 37 (12), 2758. doi: 10.1039/b805427d doi: 10.1039/b805427d
3. [3]
  Fang, C. M.; Sluiter, M. H.; Van Huis, M. A.; Zandbergen, H. W. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2010, 105 (5), 055503. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.055503 doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.055503
4. [4]
  Amelse, J. A.; Grynkewich, G.; Butt, J. B.; Matyi, R. J.; Schwartz, L. H.; Shapiro, A. J. Phys. Chem. 1981, 85 (17), 2484. doi: 10.1021/j150606a020 doi: 10.1021/j150606a020
5. [5]
  Rao, K. R. P. M.; Huggins, F. E.; Ganguly, B.; Mahajan, V.; Huffman, G. P.; Davis, B.; O'Brien, R. J.; Xu, L. G.; Rao, V. U. S. Hyperfine Interact. 1994, 93 (1), 1755. doi: 10.1007/BF02072941 doi: 10.1007/BF02072941
6. [6]
  Cubeiro, M. L.; Morales, H.; Goldwasser, M. R.; Pérez-Zurita, M. J.; González-Jiménez, F.; Urbina, de N. C. Appl. Catal. A 1999, 189 (1), 87. doi: 10.1016/S0926-860X(99)00262-8 doi: 10.1016/S0926-860X(99)00262-8
7. [7]
  Schulz, H.; Riedel, T.; Schaub, G. Top. Catal. 2005, 32 (3), 117. doi: 10.1007/s11244-005-2883-8 doi: 10.1007/s11244-005-2883-8
8. [8]
  Du Plessis, H. E.; De Villiers, J. P. R.; Kruger, G. J. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie 2007, 222 (5), 211. doi: 10.1524/zkri.2007.222.5.211 doi: 10.1524/zkri.2007.222.5.211
9. [9]
  Leineweber, A.; Shang, S.; Liu, Z. K.; Widenmeyer, M. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie 2012, 227 (4), 207. doi: 10.1524/zkri.2012.1490 doi: 10.1524/zkri.2012.1490
10. [10]
  Yang, C.; Zhao, H. B.; Hou Y. L.; Ma, D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134 (38), 15814. doi: 10.1021/ja305048p doi: 10.1021/ja305048p
11. [11]
  Xie, J. X.; Yang, J, Dugulan, A. I.; Holmen, A.; Chen, D.; de Jong, K. P.; Louwerse, M. J. ACS Catal. 2016, 6 (5), 3147. doi: 10.1021/acscatal.6b00131 doi: 10.1021/acscatal.6b00131
12. [12]
  He, Y. R.; Zhao, P.; Meng, Y.; Guo, W. P.; Yang, Y.; Li, Y. W.; Huo, C. F.; Wen, X. D. J. Phys. Chem. C 2018, 122 (5), 2806. doi: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b11430 doi: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b11430
13. [13]
  He, Y. R.; Zhao, P.; Yin J. P.; Guo, W. P.; Yang, Y.; Li, Y. W.; Huo, C. F.; Wen, X. D. J. Phys. Chem. C 2018, 122 (36), 20907. doi: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b06988 doi: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b06988
14. [14]
  Broos, R. J. P.; Zijlstra, B.; Filot, I. A. W.; Hensen, E. J. M. J. Phys. Chem. C 2018, 122 (18), 9929. doi: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b01064 doi: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b01064
15. [15]
  Yang, C.; Zhao, B.; Gao, R.; Yao, S. Y.; Zhai, P.; Li, S. W.; Yu, J.; Hou, Y. L, Ma, D.ACS Catal. 2017, 7 (9), 5661. doi: 10.1021/acscatal.7b01142 doi: 10.1021/acscatal.7b01142
16. [16]
  Gao, W.; Gao, R.; Zhao, Y. F.; Peng, M.; Song, C. Q.; Li, M. Z.; Li, S. W.; Liu, J. J.; Li, W. Z.; Deng, Y. C.; et al. Chem 2018, 4 (12), 2917. doi: 10.1016/j.chempr.2018.09.017 doi: 10.1016/j.chempr.2018.09.017
17. [17]
  Tang, W.; Zhen, Z. P.; Yang, C.; Wang, L.; Cowger, T.; Chen, H. M.; Todd, T.; Hekmatyar, K.; Zhao, Q.; Hou, Y. L.; Xie, J. Small 2014, 10 (7), 1245. doi: 10.1002/smll.201303263 doi: 10.1002/smll.201303263
18. [18]
  Yu, J.; Yang, C.; Li, J. D. S.; Ding, Y. C.; Zhang, L.; Yousaf, M. Z.; Lin, J.; Pang, R.; Wei, L. B.; Xu, L. L.; et al. Adv. Mater. 2014, 26 (24), 4114. doi: 10.1002/adma.201305811 doi: 10.1002/adma.201305811
19. [19]
  Li, P.; Qiu, Y.; Liu, S. G.; Li, H. L.; Zhao, S.; Diao, J. X.; Guo, X. H. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 2019, 27, 3253. doi: 10.1002/ejic.201900390 doi: 10.1002/ejic.201900390
20. [20]
  Wang, D.; Chen, B. X.; Duan, X. Z.; Chen, D.; Zhou, X. G. J. Energy Chem. 2016, 25 (6), 911. doi: 10.1016/j.jechem.2016.11.002 doi: 10.1016/j.jechem.2016.11.002
21. [21]
  Wilson, D. V. Nature 1951, 167 (4257), 899. doi: 10.1038/167899b0 doi: 10.1038/167899b0
22. [22]
  Jack, K. H.; Wild, S. Nature 1966, 212 (5059), 248. doi: 10.1038/212248b0 doi: 10.1038/212248b0
23. [23]
  Retief, J. J. Powder Diffr. 1999, 14 (2), 130. doi: 10.1017/S0885715600010435 doi: 10.1017/S0885715600010435
24. [24]
  Du Plessis, H. E.; De Villiers, J. P.; Kruger, G. J.; Steuwer, A.; Brunelli, M. J. Synchrotron Rad. 2011, 18 (Pt 2), 266. doi: 10.1107/S0909049510048958 doi: 10.1107/S0909049510048958
25. [25]
  Li, X. N.; Zhu, K. Y.; Pang, J. F.; Tian, M.; Liu, J. Y.; Rykov, A. I.; Zheng, M. Y.; Wang, X. D.; Zhu, X. F.; Huang, Y. Q.; et al. Appl. Catal. B 2018, 224, 518. doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2017.11.004 doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2017.11.004
26. [26]
  Niemantsverdriet, J. W.; Van Der Kraan, A. M.; Van Dijk, W. L.; Van der Baan, H. S. J. Phys. Chem. 1980, 84 (25), 3363. doi: 10.1021/j100462a011 doi: 10.1021/j100462a011
27. [27]
  Raupp, G. B.; Delgass, W. N. J. Catal. 1979, 58 (3), 348. doi: 10.1016/0021-9517(79)90274-4 doi: 10.1016/0021-9517(79)90274-4
28. [28]
  Pijolat, M.; Perrichon, V.; Bussière, P. J. Catal. 1987, 107 (1), 82. doi: 10.1016/0021-9517(87)90274-0 doi: 10.1016/0021-9517(87)90274-0
29. [29]
  Liu, X. W.; Cao, Z.; Zhao, S.; Gao, R.; Meng, Y.; Zhu, J. X.; Rogers, C.; Huo, C. F.; Yang, Y.; Li, Y. W.; Wen, X. D. J. Phys. Chem. C 2017, 121 (39), 21390. doi: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b06104 doi: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b06104
30. [30]
  De Smit, E.; Beale, A. M.; Nikitenko, S.; Weckhuysen, B. M. J. Catal. 2009, 262 (2), 244. doi: 10.1016/j.jcat.2008.12.021 doi: 10.1016/j.jcat.2008.12.021
31. [31]
  Ribeiro, M. C.; Jacobs, G.; Davis, B. H.; Cronauer, D. C.; Kropf, A.; Jeremy, M.; Christopher, L. J. Phys. Chem. C 2010, 114 (17), 7895. doi: 10.1021/jp911856q doi: 10.1021/jp911856q
32. [32]
  Pham, T. H.; Duan, X. Z.; Qian, G.; Zhou, X. G.; Chen, D. J. Phys. Chem. C 2014, 118 (19), 10170. doi: 10.1021/jp502225r doi: 10.1021/jp502225r
33. [33]
  Zhao, S.; Liu, X. W.; Huo, C. F.; Li, Y. W.; Wang, J. G.; Jiao, H. J. J. Catal. 2012, 294, 47. doi: 10.1016/j.jcat.2012.07.003 doi: 10.1016/j.jcat.2012.07.003
34. [34]
  Zhao, S.; Liu, X. W.; Huo, C. F.; Guo, W. P.; Cao, D. B.; Yang, Y.; Li, Y. W.; Wang, J. G.; Jiao, H. J. Catal. Today 2016, 261, 93. doi: 10.1016/j.cattod.2015.07.035 doi: 10.1016/j.cattod.2015.07.035
35. [35]
  Song, L.; Wang, T.; Li, L.; Wu, C.; He, J. Appl. Catal. B 2019, 244, 197. doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2018.11.005 doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2018.11.005
36. [36]
  Hu, E.; Yu, X.Y.; Chen, F.; Wu, Y.; Hu, Y.; Lou, X. W. Adv. Energy Mater. 2018, 8 (9), 1702476. doi: 10.1002/aenm.201702476 doi: 10.1002/aenm.201702476
37. [37]
  Lodya, J. A. L.; Gericke, H.; Ngubane, J.; Dlamini, T. H. Hyperfine Interact. 2009, 190 (1–3), 37. doi: 10.1007/s10751-009-9919-6 doi: 10.1007/s10751-009-9919-6
38. [38]
  Bauer-Grosse, E.; Le Caer, G. Mater. Sci. Eng. 1988, 97, 273. doi: 10.1016/0025-5416(88)90056-0 doi: 10.1016/0025-5416(88)90056-0
39. [39]
  Bauer-Grosse, E. Solid State Phenom. 2011, 172-174, 959. doi: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/SSP.172-174.959 doi: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/SSP.172-174.959
40. [40]
  Podgurski, H. H.; Kummer, J. T.; Dewitt, T. W.; Emmett, P. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1950, 72 (12), 5382. doi: 10.1021/ja01168a006 doi: 10.1021/ja01168a006
41. [41]
  Hirano, S. I.; Tajima, S. J. Mater. Sci. 1990, 25 (10), 4457. doi: 10.1007/BF00581108 doi: 10.1007/BF00581108
42. [42]
  Hong, S. Y.; Chun, D. H.; Yang, J.I.; Jung, H.; Lee, H. T.; Hong, S.; Jang, S.; Lim, J. T.; Kim, C. S.; Park, J. C. Nanoscale 2015, 7 (40), 16616. doi: 10.1039/C5NR04546K doi: 10.1039/C5NR04546K
43. [43]
  Kang, S. W.; Kim, K.; Chun, D. H.; Yang, J. I.; Lee, H. T.; Jung, H.; Lim, J. T.; Jang, S.; Kim, C. S.; Lee, C. W.; et al. J. Catal. 2017, 349, 66. doi: 10.1016/j.jcat.2017.03.004. doi: 10.1016/j.jcat.2017.03.004
44. [44]
  An, B.; Cheng, K.; Wang, C.; Wang, Y.; Lin, W. B. ACS Catal. 2016, 6 (6), 3610. doi: 10.1021/acscatal.6b00464 doi: 10.1021/acscatal.6b00464
45. [45]
  Wezendonk, T. A.; Santos, V. P.; Nasalevich, M. A, ; Warringa, Q. S. E.; Dugulan, A. I.; Chojecki, A.; Koeken, A. C. J.; Ruitenbeek, M.; Meima, G.; Islam, H. -U.; et al. ACS Catal. 2016, 6 (5), 3236. doi: 10.1016/j.jcat.2018.03.034 doi: 10.1016/j.jcat.2018.03.034
46. [46]
  Wezendonk, T. A.; Sun, X. H.; Dugulan, A. I.; van Hoof, A. J. F.; Hensen, E. J. M.; Kapteijn, F.; Gascon, J. J. Catal. 2018, 362, 106. doi: 10.1016/j.jcat.2018.03.034 doi: 10.1016/j.jcat.2018.03.034
47. [47]
  Malina, O.; Jakubec, P.; Kašlík, J.; Tuček, J.; Zbořil, R. Nanoscale 2017, 9 (29), 10440. doi: 10.1039/c7nr02383a doi: 10.1039/c7nr02383a
48. [48]
  Wang, R. X.; Wu, B. S.; Li, Y. W. Chin. J. Catal. 2013, 33 (5), 863. doi: 10.3724/sp.J.1088.2012.11204 doi: 10.3724/sp.J.1088.2012.11204
49. [49]
  Park, H.; Youn, D. H.; Kim, J. Y.; Kim, W. Y.; Choi, Y. H.; Lee, Y. H.; Choi, S. H.; Lee, J. S. ChemCatChem 2015, 7 (21), 3488. doi: 10.1002/cctc.201500794 doi: 10.1002/cctc.201500794
50. [50]
  Mansker, L. D.; Jin, Y.; Bukur, D. B.; Datye, A. K. Appl. Catal. A 1999, 186 (1), 277. doi: 10.1016/S0926-860X(99)00149-0 doi: 10.1016/S0926-860X(99)00149-0
51. [51]
  Bukur, D. B.; Sivaraj, C. Appl. Catal. A 2002, 231 (1), 201. doi: 10.1016/S0926-860X(02)00053-4 doi: 10.1016/S0926-860X(02)00053-4
52. [52]
  Barinov, V. A.; Protasov, A.V.; Surikov, V. T. Phys. Met. Metallogr. 2015, 116 (8), 791. doi: 10.1134/S0031918X15080025 doi: 10.1134/S0031918X15080025
53. [53]
  Meffre, A.; Mehdaoui, B.; Kelsen, V.; Fazzini, P. F.; Carrey, J.; Lachaize, S.; Respaud, M.; Chaudret, B. Nano Lett. 2012, 12 (9), 4722. doi: 10.1021/nl302160d doi: 10.1021/nl302160d
54. [54]
  Ge, W.; Gao, W.; Zhu, J.; Li, Y. J. Alloy. Compd. 2019, 1069. doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.12.154 doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.12.154
55. [55]
  Matteazzi, P.; Le Ca r, G. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 1991, 74 (6), 1382. doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.12.154 doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.12.154
56. [56]
  de Smit, E.; Cinquini, F.; Beale, A. M.; Safonova, O. V.; van Beek, W.; Sautet, P.; Weckhuysen, B. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132 (42), 14928. doi: 10.1021/ja105853q doi: 10.1021/ja105853q
57. [57]
  Liu, X.; Zhang, C. H.; Li, Y. W.; Niemantsverdriet, J. W.; Wagner, J. B.; Hansen, T. W. ACS Catal. 2017, 7 (7), 4867. doi: 10.1021/acscatal.7b00946 doi: 10.1021/acscatal.7b00946
58. [58]
  Yao, S. Y.; Yang, C.; Zhao, H. B.; Li, S. W..; Lin, L. L.; Wen, W.; Liu, J. X.; Hu, G, Li, W. X.; Hou, Y. L.; et al. J. Phys. Chem. C 2017, 121 (9), 5154. doi: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b00198 doi: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b00198
59. [59]
  Li, Y. J.; Li, Z. S.; Ahsen, A.; Lammich, L.; Mannie, G. J. A.; Niemantsverdriet, J. W. H.; Lauritsen, J. V. ACS Catal. 2018, 9 (2), 1264. doi: 10.1021/acscatal.8b03684 doi: 10.1021/acscatal.8b03684
60. [60]
  Zhou, X.; Mannie, G. J. A.; Yin, J. Q.; Yu, X.; Weststrate, C. J.; Wen, X. D.; Wu, K.; Yang, Y.; Li, Y. W.; Niemantsverdriet, J. W. H. ACS Catal. 2018, 8 (8), 7326. doi: 10.1021/acscatal.8b02076 doi: 10.1021/acscatal.8b02076
61. [61]
  Torres Galvis, H. M.; Bitter, J. H.; Khare, C. B.; Ruitenbeek, M.; Dugulan, A. I.; de Jong, K. P. Science 2012, 335 (6070), 835. doi: 10.1126/science.1215614 doi: 10.1126/science.1215614
62. [62]
  Zhai, P.; Xu, C.; Gao, R.; Liu, X.; Li, M. Z.; Li, W. Z.; Fu, X. P.; Jia, C. J, Xie, J. L.; Zhao, M.; et al. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2016, 55 (34), 9902. doi: 10.1002/anie.201603556 doi: 10.1002/anie.201603556
63. [63]
  Zhao, B.; Zhai, P.; Wang, P. F.; Li, J. Q.; Li, T.; Peng, M.; Zhao, M.; Hu, G.; Yang, Y.; Li, Y. -W.; et al. Chem 2017, 3 (2), 323. doi: 10.1016/j.chempr.2017.06.017 doi: 10.1016/j.chempr.2017.06.017
64. [64]
  Lu, Y. W.; Zhang, R. G.; Cao, B. B.; Ge, B. H..; Tao, F. F.; Shan, J. J.; Nguyen, L.; Bao, Z. H.; Wu, T. P.; Pote, J. W.; et al. ACS Catal. 2017, 7 (8), 5500. doi: 10.1021/acscatal.7b01469 doi: 10.1021/acscatal.7b01469
65. [65]
  Xu, K.; Sun, B.; Lin, J.; Wen, W.; Pei, Y.; Yan, S. W.; Qiao, M. H.; Zhang, X. X.; Zong, B. N. Nat. Commun. 2014, 5, 5783. doi: 10.1038/ncomms6783 doi: 10.1038/ncomms6783
66. [66]
  Wang, P.; Chen, W.; Chiang, F. K.; Dugulan, A. I.; Song, Y.; Pestman, R.; Zhang, K.; Yao, J. S.; Feng, B.; Miao, P.; et al. Sci. Adv. 2018, 4 (10), 2947. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aau2947 doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aau2947
1. [1]
  Jianyu Qin , Yuejiao An , Yanfeng Zhang . In Situ Assembled ZnWO₄/g-C₃N₄ S-Scheme Heterojunction with Nitrogen Defect for CO₂ Photoreduction. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(12): 2408002-. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202408002
2. [2]
  Cunming Yu , Dongliang Tian , Jing Chen , Qinglin Yang , Kesong Liu , Lei Jiang . Chemistry “101 Program” Synthetic Chemistry Experiment Course Construction: Synthesis and Properties of Bioinspired Superhydrophobic Functional Materials. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(10): 101-106. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202408008
3. [3]
  Qilu DU , Li ZHAO , Peng NIE , Bo XU . Synthesis and characterization of osmium-germyl complexes stabilized by triphenyl ligands. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(6): 1088-1094. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240006
4. [4]
  Fei Liu , Dong-Yang Zhao , Kai Sun , Ting-Ting Yu , Xin Wang . Comprehensive Experimental Design for Photochemical Synthesis, Analysis, and Characterization of Seleno-Containing Medium-Sized N-Heterocycles. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(3): 369-375. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202309047
5. [5]
  Aidang Lu , Yunting Liu , Yanjun Jiang . Comprehensive Organic Chemistry Experiment: Synthesis and Characterization of Triazolopyrimidine Compounds. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(8): 241-246. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202401029
6. [6]
  Tingting Yu , Si Chen , Lianglong Sun , Tongtong Shi , Kai Sun , Xin Wang . Comprehensive Experimental Design for the Photochemical Synthesis, Analysis, and Characterization of Difluoropyrroles. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(11): 196-203. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202401022
7. [7]
  Jiapei Zou , Junyang Zhang , Xuming Wu , Cong Wei , Simin Fang , Yuxi Wang . A Comprehensive Experiment Based on Electrocatalytic Nitrate Reduction into Ammonia: Synthesis, Characterization, Performance Exploration, and Applicable Design of Copper-based Catalysts. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(6): 373-382. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202312081
8. [8]
  Wei Zhong , Dan Zheng , Yuanxin Ou , Aiyun Meng , Yaorong Su . K原子掺杂高度面间结晶的g-C₃N₄光催化剂及其高效H₂O₂光合成. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(11): 2406005-. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202406005
9. [9]
  Guoqiang Chen , Zixuan Zheng , Wei Zhong , Guohong Wang , Xinhe Wu . 熔融中间体运输导向合成富氨基g-C₃N₄纳米片用于高效光催化产H₂O₂. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(11): 2406021-. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202406021
10. [10]
  Yonghui ZHOU , Rujun HUANG , Dongchao YAO , Aiwei ZHANG , Yuhang SUN , Zhujun CHEN , Baisong ZHU , Youxuan ZHENG . Synthesis and photoelectric properties of fluorescence materials with electron donor-acceptor structures based on quinoxaline and pyridinopyrazine, carbazole, and diphenylamine derivatives. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(4): 701-712. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20230373
11. [11]
  Junli Liu . Practice and Exploration of Research-Oriented Classroom Teaching in the Integration of Science and Education: a Case Study on the Synthesis of Sub-Nanometer Metal Oxide Materials and Their Application in Battery Energy Storage. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(10): 249-254. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202404023
12. [12]
  Wen YANG , Didi WANG , Ziyi HUANG , Yaping ZHOU , Yanyan FENG . La promoted hydrotalcite derived Ni-based catalysts: In situ preparation and CO₂ methanation performance. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(3): 561-570. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20230276
13. [13]
  Kai Yang , Gehua Bi , Yong Zhang , Delin Jin , Ziwei Xu , Qian Wang , Lingbao Xing . Comprehensive Polymer Chemistry Experiment Design: Preparation and Characterization of Rigid Polyurethane Foam Materials. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(4): 206-212. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202308045
14. [14]
  Xinting XIONG , Zhiqiang XIONG , Panlei XIAO , Xuliang NIE , Xiuying SONG , Xiuguang YI . Synthesis, crystal structures, Hirshfeld surface analysis, and antifungal activity of two complexes Na(Ⅰ)/Cd(Ⅱ) assembled by 5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzoic acid ligands. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(9): 1661-1670. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240145
15. [15]
  Xiaoling LUO , Pintian ZOU , Xiaoyan WANG , Zheng LIU , Xiangfei KONG , Qun TANG , Sheng WANG . Synthesis, crystal structures, and properties of lanthanide metal-organic frameworks based on 2, 5-dibromoterephthalic acid ligand. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(6): 1143-1150. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20230271
16. [16]
  Minna Ma , Yujin Ouyang , Yuan Wu , Mingwei Yuan , Lijuan Yang . Green Synthesis of Medical Chemiluminescence Reagents by Photocatalytic Oxidation. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(5): 134-143. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202310093
17. [17]
  Qingying Gao , Tao Luo , Jianyuan Su , Chaofan Yu , Jiazhu Li , Bingfei Yan , Wenzuo Li , Zhen Zhang , Yi Liu . Refinement and Expansion of the Classic Cinnamic Acid Synthesis Experiment. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(5): 243-250. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202311074
18. [18]
  Wenjun Zheng . Application in Inorganic Synthesis of Ionic Liquids. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(8): 163-168. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202401020
19. [19]
  Hongyan Chen , Yajun Hou , Shui Hu , Zhuoxun Wei , Fang Zhu , Chengyong Su . Construction of Synthetic Chemistry Experiment of the Chemistry “101 Plan”. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(10): 58-63. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202409109
20. [20]
  Qingtang ZHANG , Xiaoyu WU , Zheng WANG , Xiaomei WANG . Performance of nano Li₂FeSiO₄/C cathode material co-doped by potassium and chlorine ions. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(9): 1689-1696. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240115

Get Citation

PDF

XML

Metrics

PDF Downloads(9)
Abstract views(318)
HTML views(53)

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

χ-Fe5C2: Structure, Synthesis, and Tuning of Catalytic Properties

Metrics

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

χ-Fe₅C₂: Structure, Synthesis, and Tuning of Catalytic Properties