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Citation: Lu Xiaoxia, Dong Shengyang, Chen Zhijie, Wu Langyuan, Zhang Xiaogang. Preparation of Carbon Coated Ti2Nb2O9 Nanosheets and Its Sodium Ion Storage Properties[J]. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, ;2020, 36(5): 190602. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB201906024 shu

Preparation of Carbon Coated Ti2Nb2O9 Nanosheets and Its Sodium Ion Storage Properties

  • Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage Technologies, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, P. R. China

  • Corresponding author: Zhang Xiaogang, azhangxg@nuaa.edu.cn
  • Received Date: 5 June 2019
    Revised Date: 4 July 2019
    Accepted Date: 21 July 2019
    Available Online: 26 May 2019

    Fund Project: The project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U1802256, 51672128, 21773118, 21875107), the Prospective Joint Research Project of Cooperative Innovation Fund of Jiangsu Province, China (BE2018122), the Foundation of Graduation Innovation Center in NUAA, China (kfjj20180613) and the Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, China (PAPD)the National Natural Science Foundation of China 21875107the National Natural Science Foundation of China 51672128the Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, China PAPDthe Foundation of Graduation Innovation Center in NUAA, China kfjj20180613the National Natural Science Foundation of China U1802256the National Natural Science Foundation of China 21773118the Prospective Joint Research Project of Cooperative Innovation Fund of Jiangsu Province, China BE2018122

  • In the past few decades, new energy industries have developed rapidly due to the threat of the depletion of non-renewable resources. Among them, the lithium-ion battery has attracted significant attention of various researchers. However, lithium-ion batteries are limited by the uneven distribution of lithium resources and high cost. Sodium, which is in the same periodic group as Lithium, can help alleviate the problems related to the limited development of lithium ion batteries owing to the shortage of lithium resources. Sodium ion batteries are cheap, with varying choice of electrolytes, and have relatively stable electrochemical performances. However, the radius of a sodium ion is larger than that of a lithium ion, leading to slow ion transportation as well as changes in the volume of the host material during the charging and discharging processes. Therefore, compared with existing lithium ion batteries, sodium ion battery anode materials are very limited. Moreover, most sodium ion battery electrode materials have low specific capacities and poor cycle retention rates. Among these, ternary metal oxides, which have two different cations and can reversibly react with sodium ions are promising high-capacity anode materials for sodium ion batteries. In this study, Ti2Nb2O9 nanosheets are obtained by ion-exchange and chemical-delaminate methods. The carbon-coated Ti2Nb2O9 nanosheets are obtained after hydrothermal coating with sucrose and calcination. From the thermogravimetric analysis (TG) curve, the carbon content in the composites is calculated to be approximately 8.0%. Owing to the rich reactive sites and a short ion transport pathway, the Ti2Nb2O9/C electrode delivers a high reversible capacity of 265.2 mAh·g-1 at a current density of 50 mA·g-1. Even at a high current density of 500 mA·g-1, the electrode exhibits an excellent electrochemical performance with a reversible capacity of 160.9 mAh·g-1 after 200 cycles (capacity retention of 75.3%). Additionally, the Ti2Nb2O9/C nanosheets exhibit high reversible capacities of 251.3, 224.6, 197.4, 176.3, and 156.5 mAh·g-1 at the current densities of 100, 200, 500, 1000, and 2000 mA·g-1, respectively. It is demonstrated through the use X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) that the following process involving the transfer of four electrons occurs: Ti4+/Ti3+, Nb5+/Nb4+, during the charging and discharging process of the Ti2Nb2O9 electrode in the voltage range of 0.01–3.0 V. The theoretical specific capacity of Ti2Nb2O9 in this process is calculated to be 252 mAh·g-1, corresponding to the electrochemical data. Overall, this study demonstrates that the Ti2Nb2O9/C anode nanosheets have an excellent charge-discharge performance, cycle stability, and rate performance in sodium ion batteries, thereby providing a feasible choice for sodium ion battery anode materials.
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